5.1 The complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures is a fundamental property of the material. Test results at critical temperatures (Tcritical) are used for specifications for some mixes. Mixtures with stiffer binders, aged mixes, mixtures with higher amounts of fines (material finer than 75 µ), and mixtures with lower voids all tend to have higher complex shear modulus values than mixtures with less stiff binders, unaged mixes, mixtures with low levels of fines, and higher air voids. In general, mixtures with higher complex shear modulus values at a given service temperature will exhibit lower permanent deformation values than similar mixtures tested at the same temperature that have lower complex shear modulus values.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures using torsion rectangular geometry on a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). It is applicable to asphalt mixtures having complex shear modulus values greater than 1 × 104 Pa when tested over a range of temperatures from –40 °C to 76 °C at frequencies of 0.01 to 25 Hz and strains of 0.0005 % to 0.1 %. The determination of complex shear modulus is typically determined at 20 °C to 70 °C at 0.01 % strain at ten discrete frequency values covering 0.01 to 10 Hz. From these data, temperature or frequency master curves can be generated as required. This test method is intended for determining the complex shear modulus of asphalt mixtures as required for specification testing or quality control of asphalt mixture production.1.2 This test method is appropriate for laboratory-prepared and compacted mixtures, field-produced and laboratory-compacted mixtures or field cores, regardless of binder type or grade and regardless of whether RAP is used in the mixture. Due to the geometry of the specimens being tested this test method is not applicable to open-graded or SMA mixtures. It has been found to be appropriate for dense-graded mixtures, whether coarse- or fine-graded, with 19 mm or smaller nominal maximum aggregate size.1.3 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 The maximum specific gravities and densities of asphalt mixtures are intrinsic properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and asphalt materials.5.1.1 They are used to calculate values for percent air voids in compacted asphalt mixtures.5.1.2 They provide target values for the compaction of asphalt mixtures.5.1.3 They are essential when calculating the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the internal porosity of the individual aggregate particles in an asphalt mixture.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at 25 °C [77 °F].1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is used in the laboratory mix design of bituminous mixtures. Specimens are prepared in accordance with the method and tested for maximum load and flow. Density and voids properties may also be determined on specimens prepared in accordance with the method. The testing section of this method can also be used to obtain maximum load and flow for bituminous paving specimens cored from pavements or prepared by other methods. These results may differ from values obtained on specimens prepared by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of bituminous paving mixture loaded on the lateral surface by means of the Marshall apparatus. This test method is for use with mixtures containing asphalt cement and aggregate up to 11/2 in. (37.5 mm) nominal maximum size.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard except for reference to sieve sizes and size of aggregate as measured by testing sieves in which SI units are standard according to Specification E11. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 The test method was developed for determining the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture resistance can help differentiate asphalt mixtures whose service life might be compromised by cracking. The test method is generally valid for specimens that are tested at temperatures of 10 °C or below (see Note 1). The specimen geometry is readily adapted to 150 mm diameter specimens, such as fabricated from Superpave (trademark) gyratory compactors (Test Method D6925), which are used for the asphalt mixture design process. The specimen geometry can also be adapted for forensic investigations using field cores of pavements where thin lifts are present. This geometry has been found to produce satisfactory results for asphalt mixtures with nominal maximum aggregates size ranging from 4.75 to 19 mm (2).NOTE 1: The stiffness of the asphalt binder tends to influence the assessment of a valid test as described in 7.4. For instance, a soft asphalt binder which may be required for a very cold climate might not lead to a mixture that would produce valid results at +10 °C and, conversely, a hard asphalt binder utilized in hot climates may require higher temperatures to provide any meaningful information.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this test method are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results may depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidelines provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.NOTE 3: The failure mechanism experienced in this test is influenced by the aggregate type due to the interactive effect of asphalt binder stiffness and aggregate quality on the fracture path and, therefore, fracture energy values. At high values of asphalt binder stiffness, similar to those experienced near the low-temperature performance grade of the asphalt binder, the crack will travel around the aggregate when the mixture includes hard, non-absorptive (for example, granite, trap rock) aggregates resulting in a longer crack path and higher values of fracture energy. For softer, more absorptive aggregates, the crack will travel through the aggregate, shortening the crack path and leading to lower values of fracture energy (3). Due to the influence of aggregate type on fracture energy, mixture design and/or binder grade adjustments in mixes that use softer aggregates may not be sufficient in improving fracture energy to meet a target value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture energy (Gf) of asphalt mixtures using the disk-shaped compact tension geometry. The disk-shaped compact tension geometry is a circular specimen with a single edge notch loaded in tension. The fracture energy can be utilized as a parameter to describe the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture energy parameter is particularly useful in the evaluation of asphalt mixtures with ductile asphalt binders, such as polymer-modified asphalt mixture, and has been shown to discriminate between these materials more broadly than the indirect tensile strength parameter (AASHTO T 322, Ref (1)).2 The test is generally valid at temperatures of 10 °C and below, or for material and temperature combinations which produce valid material fracture, as outlined in 7.4.1.2 The specimen geometry and terminology (disk-shaped compact tension, DC(T)) is modeled after Test Method E399 for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, Appendix A6, with modifications to allow fracture testing of asphalt mix.1.3 The test method describes the testing apparatus, instrumentation, specimen fabrication, and analysis procedures required to determine fracture energy of asphalt mixture and similar quasi-brittle materials.1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method measures the concentration of ATP present in the sample. ATP is a constituent of all living cells including bacteria and fungi. Consequently, the presence of ATP is a reliable indicator of microbial contamination in fuel systems. ATP is not associated with matter of non-biological origin.5.2 This test method differs from Test Method D4012 as follows:5.2.1 By providing for the rapid determination of ATP present in a fuel (petroleum) sample, a fuel and water mixture sample, fuel-associated bottom water sample, and extracellular ATP freely available in the fuel or aqueous sample matrix;5.2.2 By providing for a method to capture, extract, and quantify ATP using self-contained test device and luminometer;5.2.3 By providing a method of quantifying ATP present in fuel or water matrices in generally less than 10 min; and5.2.4 By providing for the rapid separation of the ATP from chemical interferences that have previously prevented the use of ATP determinations in complex fluids containing hydrocarbons and other organic molecules.5.3 This test method does not require the use of hazardous materials and does not generate biohazard waste.5.4 This test method can be used to estimate viable microbial biomass, to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial pesticides, and to monitor microbial contamination in fuel storage and distribution systems.1.1 This test method provides a protocol for capturing, concentrating, and testing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) present in a fuel system sub-sample (that is, test specimen) associated with:1.1.1 Microorganisms and hydrophilic particles found in liquid fuels as described in Table X6.1, or1.1.2 Microorganisms and hydrophilic particles found in mixture of fuel and associated bottom water or just associated bottom water.1.1.3 ATP detected by this bioluminescence test can be derived from cellular ATP, extra-cellular ATP, or some combination of both.1.1.4 Cellular and extra-cellular ATP utilized to perform ATP bioluminescence are captured and concentrated from a fuel system sample into an aqueous test specimen (that is, sub-sample) for testing. For example, for a fuel system sample that does not contain any visible fuel associated bottom water, the aqueous test specimen is the capture solution itself described in 8.2.1.1. For fuel system samples that are a mixture of fuel and associated bottom water (that is, free water), the test specimen is an aliquant of the capture solution and associated bottom water.1.2 The ATP is measured using a patented bioluminescence enzyme assay, whereby light is generated in amounts proportional to the concentration of ATP in the sample. The light is produced and measured quantitatively using dedicated ATP test pens2 and a dedicated luminometer2 and reported in (instrument specific) Relative Light Units.1.3 This test method is equally suitable for use in the laboratory or field.1.4 Although bioluminescence is a reliable and proven technology, this method does not differentiate ATP from bacteria or fungi.1.5 For water or capture solution samples, the concentration range of ATP detectable by this test method is 1 × 10–11 M to 3 × 10–8 M which is equivalent to 1 × 10–14 moles/mL to 3 × 10–11 moles/mL for water samples or capture solution. Assuming testing on fuel phase is performed on a 500 mL volume of fuel the equivalent concentrations is fuel would be: 6 × 10–11 M to 2 × 10–14 M.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6.1 There is one exception—Relative Light Unit (RLU) as defined in 3.1.19.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides users with current methods for preconditioning, handling, processing, and means of characterizing the materials that are produced.4.2 Lime and fly ash, and mixtures of lime and fly ash, can be useful for treating hazardous and nonhazardous waste as follows:4.2.1 Treating hazardous waste for potential resource recovery application;4.2.2 Solidifying liquids and sludges that are banned from land disposal because of excess free liquid content;4.2.3 Treating hazardous waste that may require treatment because of hazardous constituents prior to land disposal; and4.2.4 Treating hazardous waste for potential delisting to a nonhazardous waste status. Each one of these applications, however, must comply with requirements of the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.1.1 This practice provides descriptions and references of existing test methods and commercial practices relating to the processing of lime, fly ash, and heavy metal wastes in construction applications.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The thermal strain measurements allow for the calculation of the coefficient of axial thermal contraction, which can be directly used in the mechanistic-empirical pavement design methods.5.2 The thermal stress and strain measurements allow calculations of the modulus of asphalt mixture in the temperature domain.5.3 From modulus versus temperature and thermal stress versus temperature relationships the thermal viscoelastic and fracture properties are determined for asphalt mixtures.5.4 The derived modulus, thermal viscoelastic, and fracture properties may be used in evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This method of test is used to determine the thermal viscoelastic and thermal volumetric properties of field-cored or laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens by measuring the thermally induced stress and strain while being cooled at a constant rate from an initial equilibrium temperature. The thermal stress and strain shall be measured using the uniaxial thermal stress and strain tester (UTSST).1.2 This standard test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt mixtures to measure thermal stress and strain and directly calculate: (1) the coefficient of axial thermal contraction, and (2) the modulus of asphalt mixture over a range of temperatures.1.3 The procedure described in this standard provides required information for estimation of thermal cracking susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. The procedure applies to test specimens having a maximum aggregate size of 19 mm or less.1.4 This standard can be used for conventional and nonconventional asphalt mixtures including but not limited to: hot asphalt mixtures, asphalt mixture with recycled materials, cold asphalt mixtures, warm asphalt mixtures, and neat or modified asphalt mixtures (for example, polymer or rubber-modified).1.5 This standard can be used to determine the following:1.5.1 Thermal stress buildup in asphalt mixture during a single cooling event.1.5.2 Thermal strain in asphalt mixtures as a function of temperature.1.5.3 Coefficient of axial thermal contraction.1.5.4 Modulus of asphalt mixture as a function of temperature.1.5.5 Thermal viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture: viscous softening, viscous-glassy transition, glassy hardening, crack initiation, fracture temperature, and fracture stress.1.5.6 UTSST cracking resistance index (CRI).1.5.7 UTSST CRI adjusted for environmental condition (CRIEnv).1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车