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This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cement mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C186-17 Standard Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement (Withdrawn 2019) Withdrawn, Replaced 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

3.1 The purpose of this test is to determine if the hydraulic cement under test meets the heat of hydration requirement of the applicable hydraulic cement specification.3.2 This test may also be used for research purposes when it is desired to determine the heat of hydration of hydraulic cement at any age.NOTE 1: When tests are performed for research purposes, useful additional information can be obtained by determining fineness, chemical and compound compositions.3.3 Determination of the heat of hydration of hydraulic cements provides information that is helpful for calculating temperature rise in mass concrete.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heat of hydration of a hydraulic cement by measuring the heat of solution of the dry cement and the heat of solution of a separate portion of the cement that has been partially hydrated for 7 and for 28 days, the difference between these values being the heat of hydration for the respective hydrating period.1.2 The results of this test method may be inaccurate if some of the components of the hydraulic cement are insoluble in the nitric acid/hydrofluoric acid solution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, or measurements made in other units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.21.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this test method is to establish whether or not a cement complies with a specification limit on time of setting. It has been found to be particularly applicable for the determination of the setting time of expansive cements (see Specification C845/C845M).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic cement mortar by means of the modified Vicat needle.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Measurement of length change permits assessment of the potential for volumetric expansion or contraction of mortar or concrete due to various causes other than applied force or temperature change. This test method is particularly useful for comparative evaluation of this potential in different hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete mixtures.4.2 This test method provides useful information for experimental purposes or for products that require testing under nonstandard mixing, placing, handling, or curing conditions, such as high product workability or different demolding times. Standard conditions are described in 5.4.1.4.3 If conditions for mixing, curing, sampling, and storage other than specified in this test method are required, they shall be reported but are not to be considered as standard conditions of this test method. Nonstandard conditions and the reasons for departure from standard conditions shall be reported clearly and prominently with comparator values.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the length changes that are produced by causes other than externally applied forces and temperature changes in hardened hydraulic-cement mortar and concrete specimens made in the laboratory and exposed to controlled conditions of temperature and moisture.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method determines cement content in mixtures of cement with soil or aggregate by chemical analysis. It was developed primarily for testing samples for which a significant degree of cement hydration or hardening has taken place. Test Methods D2901 or D5982 may be used for determining cement content of freshly mixed soil-cement mixtures.5.2 This test method is based on determination by chemical analysis of the calcium oxide (CaO) content of the sample. The method may not be applicable to soil-cement materials containing soils or aggregates which yield significant amounts of dissolved calcium oxide (CaO) under the conditions of the test.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned the compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.NOTE 2: Analysis using X-ray fluorescence in accordance with C114 may also be used for determination of calcium oxide (CaO) content of hardened soil-cement.1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with the specific limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specific limits.1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for the engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard precautions, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the installation of lathing and furring to receive interior and exterior Portland cement-based plaster. The following materials shall be used: metal plaster bases—expanded metal lath and wire laths; accessories—steel, PVC plastic, zinc alloy, and cornerite; channels—external corner reinforcement and foundation weep screed; wire; rod and strap hangers; clips; fasteners—nails and screws. Hangers and cold-rolled channel main runner shall conform to the allowable spacing and spans, respectively. The following methods are discussed: installation of hangers for suspended ceilings under wood constructions, attachment of hangers to main runners, installation of main runners, installation of cross furring, metal furring for walls, lapping of metal plaster bases, spacing of attachments for metal plaster bases, application of metal plaster bases, and application of accessories.1.1 This specification covers the minimum technical requirements for the installation of lathing and furring for the application of exterior and interior portland cement-based plaster, as in Specification C926. These requirements do not by default define a unit of work or assign responsibility for contractual purposes, which is the purview of a contract or contracts made between contracting entities.1.2 Table of Contents:         1Referenced Documents        2Terminology        3Delivery and Storage of Materials        4Materials        5Requirements for Substrates to Receive Metal Lathing & Furring        6Installation        7     Workmanship        7.1     Installation of Metal Furring for Walls        7.2     Installation of Metal Plaster Bases        7.3     Installation of Lathing Accessories        7.4Keywords        8Installation of Metal Furring for Suspended Ceilings Annex A11.3 Where a fire resistance rating is required for plastered assemblies and constructions, details of construction shall be in accordance with reports of fire tests of assemblies that have met the requirements of the fire rating imposed.1.4 Where a specific degree of sound control is required for plastered assemblies and constructions, details of construction shall be in accordance with official reports of tests conducted in recognized testing laboratories in accordance with the applicable requirements of Test Method E90.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the properties, sampling, and testing of asphalt suitable for undersealing Portland cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs. The asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the following requirements when examined under suitable testing methods: softening point; flash point; penetration at specified temperatures; ductility; heat loss; and solubility of bitumen in trichloroethylene.1.1 This specification covers asphalt suitable for undersealing portland-cement concrete and overlaid concrete pavements by pumping hot asphalt under the slabs.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring the temperature of freshly mixed concrete. The measured temperature represents the temperature at the time of testing and may not be an indication of the temperature of the freshly mixed concrete at a later time. It may be used to verify conformance to a specified requirement for temperature of concrete.4.2 Concrete containing aggregate of a nominal maximum size greater than 75 mm [3 in.] may require up to 20 min for the transfer of heat from aggregate to mortar. (See ACI Committee 207.1R Report.4)1.1 This test method covers the determination of temperature of freshly mixed hydraulic-cement concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C500/C500M-07(2019) Standard Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement Pipe (Withdrawn 2022) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This test method covers the standard for testing of asbestos-cement pipe for hydrostatic strength, flexural strength, crushing strength, straightness, and uncombined calcium hydroxide. Hydrostatic pressure test is performed by placing the pipe with a factory-assembled joint, in a hydrostatic pressure testing machine. Air is expelled and an internal water pressure at a uniform rate is applied. The flexural strength test is performed by supporting the pipe in a flexural testing machine and distributing the load equally, and applying the load at the third points of the clear span. The crushing test shall be performed using the V-shaped bearing method. The straightness test is performed by determining the outer diameter of each pipe at both ends and in the middle and calculating the differences in outer diameter.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of asbestos-cement pipe for hydrostatic strength, flexural strength, crushing strength, straightness, and uncombined calcium hydroxide; they are for use in conjunction with the individual product specifications for asbestos-cement pipe.1.2 Test methods appear in the following sections:    Section  Hydrostatic Pressure Test 4  Flexural Test 5  Crushing Test 6  Straightness Test 7  Uncombined Calcium Hydroxide Test 81.3 Guidelines for internal and external corrosion included in Section 9 serve as an aid in determining the type of pipe which should be specified to maximize service life for a particular application.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific safety hazard, see 1.5.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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