This bulletin provides oil and natural gas operators with information on conservation measures to support planning and execution of onshore oil and natural gas projects in the United States for conventional and unconventional (shale) developments. The species and habitat conservation fundamentals presented are processes and practices used to manage potential risks of project related impacts on wildlife and habitats. These processes and practices are aimed primarily at industry professionals responsible for managing the potential risks of project impacts on biodiversity, but may also be used by contractors, subcontractors, and vendors.