定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 United States governmental regulations mandate that electrical apparatus and electrical insulating fluids containing PCB be handled and disposed of through specific procedures. The procedure to be used for a particular apparatus or quantity of insulating fluid is determined by the PCB content of the fluid. The results of this analytical technique can be useful in selecting the appropriate handling and disposal procedure.5.2 Quantification in this technique requires a peak-by-peak comparison of the chromatogram of an unknown specimen with that of standard Aroclor test specimens obtained under identical conditions. The amount of PCB producing each peak in the standard chromatogram shall be known independently.5.3 The technique described is based on data for standard chromatograms of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 obtained using specific chromatographic column packing materials and operating conditions.4 Relevant chromatograms are reproduced in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 35, for isothermal packed columns and in Figs. X4.1 through X4.3) for temperature programmed mega-bore capillary columns. Each peak is identified by its retention time relative to that of a standard. The types and amounts of PCB associated with each peak have been determined by mass spectroscopy and are given in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.4 Other chromatographic operating conditions, and in particular, other column packing materials, may give different separations. The data given in the tables should not be used if chromatograms of the standards differ significantly from those shown in the figures. The peaks in such standard chromatograms shall be independently identified and quantified.5.4 Different isomers of PCB with the same number of chlorine substituents can cause substantially different responses from EC detectors. Mixtures of PCB containing the same amount of PCB, but with a different ratio of isomers, can give quite different chromatograms. This technique is effective only when the standard PCB mixtures and those found in the unknown test specimen are closely related. Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 are adequate standards because they have been found to be the most common PCB contaminant in electrical insulating oils.1.1 This test method describes a quantitative determination of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical insulating liquids by gas chromatography. It also applies to the determination of PCB present in mixtures known as askarels, used as electrical insulating liquids.1.2 The PCB mixtures known as Aroclors2 were used in the formulation of the PCB-containing askarels manufactured in the United States. This test method may be applied to the determination of PCBs in insulating liquids contaminated by either individual Aroclors or mixtures of Aroclors. This technique may not be applicable to the determination of PCBs from other sources of contamination.1.3 The precision and bias of this test method have been established only for PCB concentrations in electrical insulating mineral oils and silicones. The use of this test method has not been demonstrated for all insulating fluids. Some insulating liquids, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, interfere with the detection of PCBs and cannot be tested without pretreatment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means for testing the performance of the sealing system and construction of insulating glass units.4.1.1 Insulating glass units tested in accordance with this method may be suitable for structurally glazed applications. However, factors such as sealant longevity when exposed to long term ultraviolet light and the structural properties of the sealant must be reviewed for these applications.4.1.2 Insulating glass units tested in accordance with this method are not intended for continuous exposure to high relative humidity conditions or long-term immersion in water.1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing the performance of preassembled permanently sealed insulating glass units or insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open.1.2 This test method is applicable only to insulating glass units that are constructed with glass.1.3 This test method is applicable to both double-glazed and triple-glazed insulating glass units. For triple-glazed insulating glass units where both of the outer lites are glass and the inner lite is either glass or a suspended film.1.4 The unit construction used in this test method contains dimensions that are an essential component of the test. Different types of glass, different glass thicknesses, and different cavity sizes may affect the test results.1.5 This test method is not applicable to insulating glass units containing a spandrel glass coating due to testing limitations.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for two types of high-temperature electrical insulating tape consisting of glass cloth coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Type I, which is subdivided into two grades (Grade A and B) according to thickness, is woven glass cloth with silicone adhesive. Type II, on the other hand, is woven glass cloth impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone adhesive. Tapes shall undergo tests that shall examine their conformance to the following requirements: standard thickness, width, and length; breaking strength; dielectric breakdown; adhesion strength both to steel and backing; high-humidity insulation resistance; unwind force; and accelerated aging.1.1 This specification covers requirements for high-temperature electrical insulating tape consisting of glass cloth coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means for testing the resistance to fogging in insulating glass units.4.2 This test method is also intended to provide a means for testing the resistance to fogging caused by the volatility of components within the unit, including the sealing system components and internal components.1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing the resistance to fogging of pre-assembled permanently sealed insulating glass units or insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open or closed.1.2 This test method is applicable only to insulating glass units that are constructed with glass or suspended film.1.3 This test method is applicable to both double-glazed and triple-glazed insulating glass units; for triple-glazed insulating glass units where both of the outer lites are glass and the inner lite is either glass or a suspended film.1.4 The unit construction used in this test method contains construction details that are essential components of the test. Different types of glass, different glass thicknesses, and different cavity sizes may affect the test results.1.5 This test method is not applicable to insulating glass units containing a spandrel glass coating due to testing limitations.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Weight loss is useful for indicating:5.1.1 A form of degradation at elevated temperatures in air, and5.1.2 Evolution of volatiles that have the potential to affect other components.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the loss in weight of cured electrical insulating varnishes on exposure to elevated temperature in air.1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 7.NOTE 1: IEC 60216 Part 2 is technically equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers preassembled permanently sealed insulating glass units with one or two cavities and preassembled insulating glass (IG) units with capillary tubes intentionally left open or closed.1.2 This specification is applicable only to insulating glass units that are constructed with glass or suspended film.1.3 This specification is applicable to both double-glazed and triple-glazed insulating glass units; for triple-glazed insulating glass units where both of the outer lites are glass and middle lite is either glass or a suspended film.1.4 The qualification of test specimens is based on frost/dew point and on the absence of fog after the specified test durations.1.5 The qualification of argon gas-filled test specimens is based on maintaining the specified argon gas amounts before and after testing to Test Method E2188.1.6 Qualification under this specification is intended to provide a basis for evaluating the durability of insulating glass units.1.7 This specification is not applicable to insulating glass units containing a spandrel glass coating due to test method limitations.1.8 This specification does not cover other physical requirements such as appearance, thermophysical properties, heat and light transmission, and glass displacement.NOTE 1: Insulating glass units qualified according to this specification are not necessarily suitable for structurally glazed applications. Factors such as sealant longevity when exposed to long term ultraviolet light and the structural properties of the sealant must be reviewed for these applications. For more information on the requirements for structural sealant glazing applications, refer to Specification C1369, Guide C1249, and Test Method C1265.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The magnitude of the changes in the electrical properties of the insulating oil are of importance in determining the contamination of the oil by the test specimen.3.2 Physical and chemical changes in the oil such as color, interfacial tension and acidity, also indicate solubility or other adverse effects of the test specimen on the oil.3.3 Physical changes of the test specimen such as hardness, swelling, and discoloration show the effect of the oil on the test specimen and are used to determine the suitability of the material for use in insulating oil.3.4 A material meeting the criteria recommended does not necessarily indicate suitability for use in electrical equipment. Other properties must also be considered. Additionally, certain materials containing additives may meet the requirements of these test methods, yet be unsatisfactory when subjected to longer term evaluations. Examples of such materials are polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based compounds, nylon and elastomeric compounds.1.1 These test methods cover screening for the compatibility of materials of construction with electrical insulating oil for use in electrical equipment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for sampling, molding, curing, and testing lightweight insulating concretes for the purpose of determining compliance with compressive strength and density specifications.1.1 This test method covers the preparation of specimens and the determination of the compressive strength of lightweight insulating concrete having an oven-dry density not exceeding 800 kg/m3 [50 lb/ft3] as determined by the procedures described herein. This test method covers the preparation and testing of molded 75 by 150-mm [3 by 6-in.] cylinders.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

During this test, insulating oil in an evacuated cell is subjected to a high voltage discharge between two electrodes. The discharge generates free electrons. These electrons collide with the oil molecules causing many of them to become electronically excited. Some of these molecules lose this energy as a quanta of light emitting fluorescent radiation. Some of the other excited molecules decompose into gases, ionized molecules and free radicals. These changes can provide an indication of the stability of oils under the conditions of this test method. The measures of these changes are the increase of the pressure in the test cell and the increase in the dissipation factor of the test specimen.During the test, the gas content increases in the cell and the concentration of charge carriers increases in the oil.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory technique that measures the stability of new, used, or reclaimed insulating oils, similar to those described in Specification D 3487 in the presence of a controlled electric discharge. When subjected to this type of discharge, insulating oils absorb energy and produce gases as well as ionized molecules (charge carriers). The quantity of these decay products can be measured and can provide an indication of the stability of oils under the conditions of this test.1.2 The gases are retained in the discharge cell and their pressure measured. The charge carriers remain in the test specimen. The change in the dissipation factor before and after the discharge is determined.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific cautionary statements are given in and .

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method uses a ratio turbidimetric optical system to measure the turbidity of insulating oils relative to turbidity standards. Cloudiness or turbidity is attributed to matter whose diameter is approximately 20 % of the wavelength of the incident light. Increasing turbidity signifies increasing transformer fluid contamination, either from external sources or internal chemical reactions (such as oxidation) that produce fine particulate matter. Other turbidity sources, such as water droplets or gas bubbles, are not of interest in this evaluation of insulating oils. The elimination of these interferences is described in 6.2 and 6.6. This test method quantifies changes which may not be apparent to the unaided human eye.1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure that ascertains the quantity of suspensions in insulating oils of petroleum origin using a nephelometric measurement technique to determine the fluid's turbidity. This test method is designed to reveal changes that may occur to these oils.1.2 This test method is applicable for turbidities in the range of 0.1 to 500 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The physical and electrical properties, including break strength, elongation, dielectric strength, dissipation factor, permittivity, fusion, etc., will vary with temperature and moisture content. Control the temperature and moisture content of the sample for these test methods to yield consistent and reproducible results.1.1 These test methods cover the methods and procedures for testing electrically insulating and semi-conducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, and sheath repair of electrical wire and cable.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:  SectionReferenced Documents 2Conditioning 5 – 6Dielectric Strength 35 – 40Dimensions 11 – 16Dissipation Factor 22 – 26Elongation 17 – 21Heat Exposure 46 – 49Fusion 7 – 10Ozone Resistance 41 – 45Permittivity 22 – 26Sample Requirements 4Tensile Strength 17 – 21Volume Resistivity 27 – 34Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance 50 – 541.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: There is no IEC equivalent to these methods.1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made on tapes from which the removable separator has been removed.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement see 43.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants which, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks.1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed conductive-backed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.7).1.2 This practice can be used for conductive-backed geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for conductive-backed geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating conductive-backed geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.1.3 For electrical leak location of conductive-backed geomembranes using methods in lieu of or in addition to the spark testing method, the installation must be electrically isolated (as defined in 3.2.5).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The spark test may produce an electrical spark and therefore should only be used where an electrical spark would not create a hazard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating line hose and covers for protection from electrical shock. Line hose covered in this specification are designed as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 or Class 4; Style A, Style B, Style C or Style D. Covers covered in this standard are designated as Type I or Type II; Class 0, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 or Class 4; Style A, Style B, Style C, Style D or Style E. Electrodes, ac test, and dc tests shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating line hose and covers for protection of workers from accidental contact with energized electrical wires or equipment.1.2 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2.1.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers elastomeric seals (gaskets) used to seal the joints of plastic pipe used for gravity, low-pressure, and high-pressure applications. This refers to push-on joints which require no internal or external pressure to effect the initial seal. Tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, accelerated aging, water immersion, ozone resistance, and force decay shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. Blankets covered shall be designated as type I or type II; class 0, class 1, class 2, class 3, or class 4; style A or style B: type I - not resistant to ozone, made from a high-grade cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber compound of natural or synthetic origin, properly vulcanized; and type II - ozone-resistant, made of any elastomer or combination of elastomeric compounds. Style A - constructed of the elastomers indicated under type I or type II, shall be free of any reinforcement; and style B - constructed of the elastomers indicated under type I or type II, shall incorporate a reinforcement. Electrical testing shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the in-service care, inspection, testing, and use voltage of insulating blankets for protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus, or circuits. The product requirements and acceptance testing are as shown in Specification D1048.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 6 and 8.2 for specific precautionary statements.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车