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定价： 646元 加购物车

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5.1 The water content of a soil is used throughout geotechnical engineering practice both in the laboratory and in the field. The use of Test Methods D2216 for water content determination can be time consuming and there are occasions when a more expedient method is desirable. Drying by direct heating is one such method. Results of this test method have been demonstrated to be of satisfactory accuracy for use in field control work, such as in the determination of water content, and in the determination of in-place dry unit weight of soils.5.2 The principal objection to the use of the direct heating for water content determination is the possibility of overheating the soil, thereby yielding a water content higher than would be determined by Test Methods D2216. While not eliminating this possibility, the incremental drying procedure in this test method will minimize its effects. Some heat sources have settings or controls that can also be used to reduce overheating. Loose fitting covers or enclosures can also be used to reduce overheating while assisting in uniform heat distribution.5.3 The behavior of a soil when subjected to direct heating is dependent on its mineralogical composition, and as a result, no one procedure is applicable for all types of soils or heat sources. The general procedure of this test method applies to all soils, but test details may need to be tailored to the soil being tested.5.4 When this test method is to be used repeatedly on the same or similar soil from a given site, a correction factor can usually be determined by making several comparisons between the results of this test method and Test Methods D2216. A correction factor is valid when the difference is consistent for several comparisons, and is reconfirmed on a regular specified basis.5.5 This test method may not be appropriate when precise results are required, or when minor variations in water content will affect the results of other test methods, such as borderline situations where small variations in the measured water content could affect acceptance or rejection.5.6 This test method is not appropriate for specimens known to contain flammable organics or contaminants, and other test methods should be utilized in these situations.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results . Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the water content of soils by drying with direct heat, such as using a hotplate, stove, blowtorch, and the like.1.2 This test method can be used as a substitute for Test Methods D2216 when more rapid results are desired to expedite other phases of testing and slightly less accurate results are acceptable.1.3 When questions of accuracy between this test method and Test Methods D2216 arise, Test Methods D2216 shall be the referee method.1.4 This test method is applicable for most soil types. For some soils, such as those containing significant amounts of halloysite, mica, montmorillonite, gypsum, or other hydrated materials, highly organic soils or soils that contain dissolved solids, (such as salt in the case of marine deposits), this test method may not yield reliable water content values due to the potential for heating above 110°C or lack of means to account for the presence of precipitated solids that were previously dissolved.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Performance of the test method utilizing another system of units shall not be considered non-conformance. The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 2.0-mm and 19-mm, followed by the “alternative” system of No. 10 and 3/4-in., respectively, in parentheses.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in D6026, unless otherwise superseded by this standard.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6.2 Significant digits are especially important if the water content will be used to calculate other relationships such as moist mass to dry mass or vice versa, wet unit weight to dry unit weight or vice versa, and total density to dry density or vice versa. For example, if four significant digits are required in any of the above calculations, then the water content has to be recorded to the nearest 0.1 %, for water contents below 100 %. This occurs since 1 plus the water content (not in percent) will have four significant digits regardless of what the value of the water content is (below 100 %); that is, 1 plus 0.1/100 = 1.001, a value with four significant digits. While, if three significant digits are acceptable, then the water content can be recorded to the nearest 1 %.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This classification system covers unfilled, filled, and reinforced polyetherimide materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Unfilled polyetherimide materials are classified into groups according to their composition. These groups are subdivided into classes and grades. The plastic compositions shall be uniform and shall conform to the requirements specified. Determine the properties enumerated in this classification system using the referenced test methods.1.1 This classification system covers unfilled, filled, and reinforced polyetherimide materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion.1.2 This classification system is not intended for the selection of materials, but only as a means to call out plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts, part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.1.4 Polyetherimide materials, being thermoplastic, are reprocessable and recyclable. This classification system allows for the use of those polyetherimide materials, provided that all specific requirements of this classification system are met.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given at the end of 5.4.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

定价： 590元 加购物车

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4.1 The primary objective of the visual method of Pt-Co color measurement, as defined in Test Method D8005, is to rate specific materials for yellowness. This yellowness is frequently the result of the undesirable tendency of liquid hydrocarbons to absorb blue light due to contamination in processing, storage or shipping.4.2 Clear liquids can be rated for light absorbing yellowish or brownish contaminants using scales that simulate the long-established visual-comparison method.1.1 This test method covers an instrumental method for the CIE (Commission International de l’Eclairage) tristimulus measurement of the color of near-clear liquid samples. The transmission measurement values are converted to the color scale in the platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) system.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the color measurement of clear, liquid samples, free of haze, with nominal Pt-Co color values in the 0 to 100 range. It is applicable to non-fluorescent liquids with light absorption characteristics similar to those of the Pt-Co color standard solutions.1.3 The tristimulus colorimetry may be calculated from spectral measurements or be obtained directly from a colorimeter. Practice E1455 provides some guidance on colorimeters, while Test Methods D1686 and D2108 deal with the visual and instrumental measurement of near-clear liquids.1.4 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded in accordance with the rounding off methods of Practice E29.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

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5.1 This test method provides a simple quantitative measure of water absorption by coated wood or wood based products.5.2 This test method has demonstrated utility for wood or wood based products ranging in thickness from approximately 6 to 25 mm (1/4 to 1 in.).5.3 Conditioning of substrate, coated sample preparation, application method, dry film thickness, cure conditions, and number of replicate specimens should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier of the coating material.5.4 Such measurements are used as indicators or predictors of the anticipated performance of coated wood or wood based products during exterior exposure. They may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. They may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated wood and wood based products.1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of liquid water that passes through a wetted paint film, and which is subsequently absorbed and retained by the underlying wood or wood-based substrate. Alternative techniques for the use of the “Cobb Ring” apparatus are described.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide describes a general approach for the use of existing wells in environmental investigations with a primary focus on the subsurface and major factors affecting the surface and subsurface environment.4.2 Existing wells represent a valuable source of information for subsurface environmental investigations. Specific uses of existing wells include:4.2.1 Well driller logs provide information on subsurface lithology and major water-bearing units in an area. Existing wells can also offer access for downhole geophysical logging for stratigraphic and aquifer interpretations. Examples include natural gamma logs in cased wells and an entire suite of methods in uncased bedrock wells (see Guide D5753). This information can assist in developing the preliminary conceptual model of the site.4.2.2 Well tests using existing wells may provide information on the hydrologic characteristics of an aquifer.4.2.3 Monitoring of water levels in existing wells, provided that they are cased in the aquifer of interest, allow development of potentiometric maps and interpretations of groundwater flow directions and gradients.4.2.4 Existing wells are the primary means by which regional drinking water quality is evaluated and monitored.4.2.5 Existing wells may assist in the mapping of contaminant plumes, and in ongoing monitoring of groundwater quality changes at the site-specific level.4.3 Data from existing wells should only be used when characteristics of the well have been sufficiently documented to determine that they satisfy criteria for the purpose for which the data are to be used.1.1 This guide covers the use of existing wells for environmental site characterization and monitoring. It covers the following major topics: criteria for determining the suitability of existing wells for hydrogeologic characterization and groundwater quality monitoring, types of data needed to document the suitability of an existing well, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of existing large- and small-capacity wells.1.2 This guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D5730, that provides a general approach for environmental site investigations.1.3 This guide does not specifically address design and construction of new monitoring or supply wells. Refer to Practices D5092 and D5787.1.4 This guide does not specifically address groundwater sampling procedures. Refer to Guide D5903.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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