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1.1 The following procedures and practices are intended to provide guidelines for processing and quality control that will provide acceptable results for the intended end use, keeping in mind the varying quality of the castings available.1.2 The recommendations are based on what have been acceptable industry standards and experiences for over 40 years of proven product usage.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne carbon nanotubes in a wide range of ambient air situations and for evaluation of any atmosphere for carbon nanotube structures. Single carbon nanotube structures in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin single carbon nanotubes and is currently a reliable technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of nanotube structures. Carbon nanotubes are often found, not as single carbon nanotubes, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not be aggregated with other particles.5.2 This test method applies to the analysis of a single filter and describes the precision attributable to measurements for a single filter. Multiple air samples are usually necessary to characterize airborne nanotube structure concentrations across time and space. The number of samples necessary for this purpose is proportional to the variation in measurement across samples, which may be greater than the variation in measurement for a single sample.1.1 This test method is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-containing particles in ambient atmospheres.1.1.1 This test method is suitable for determination of carbon nanotubes in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.1.2 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary pore filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.1.3 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 25 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 Waste samples collected using this practice provide representative samples for analysis in a laboratory using the TCLP.5.2 The TCLP is used to simulate the transfer of lead from buried lead-containing waste into the ground water system upon codisposal of the lead-containing waste and municipal solid waste in unlined solid-waste landfills. The TCLP attempts to simulate rain or ground water leaching, or both. For the procedure to yield a predictor of the subsurface (in-ground) leaching process, a representative sample of the volume of the waste must be selected and submitted for leaching and analysis. The result of the sampling, leaching, and analysis process is used to determine the waste handling and disposal protocols to be followed and to document compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and requirements. This practice addresses the sampling process by defining a component-volume-based method to collect and assemble a representative sample of a solid waste stream that may contain heterogeneous components.5.3 The collection of a volume-based sample of the waste stream is based on the fact that the TCLP leachate lead concentration limit, like other such TCLP limits, was developed based on the spatial dimensions of landfills.5.4 Individuals who use this practice are expected to be trained in the proper and safe conduct of sampling of lead-containing wastes, qualified/certified/licensed as required by those authorities having jurisdiction over such activities, and properly utilize tools and safety equipment when conducting these procedures.5.5 This practice may involve use of various hand and power tools for sampling the components of the waste. It is intended that such tools should be properly and safely used by persons trained and familiar with their performance and use.5.6 In general terms, building components are drilled, sawed, snipped, etc., to collect samples of the various components in proportion to the volume of those components in the entire building. The component samples are assembled, and the resulting assembled sample is analyzed according to the TCLP protocol.1.1 This practice describes a method for selecting samples of building components coated with paints suspected of containing lead. The samples are collected from the debris waste stream created during demolition, renovation, lead hazard control, or abatement projects. The samples are subsequently analyzed in the laboratory for lead.1.1.1 The debris waste stream is assumed to have more than one painted component, for example, metal doors, wood doors, and wood window trim.1.2 This practice is intended for use when sampling to test for lead only and does not include sampling considerations for other metals or for organic compounds. This practice also does not include consideration of sampling for determination of other possible hazardous characteristics of the waste.1.3 This practice assumes that the individual component types comprising the debris waste stream are at least partially segregated and that the volume of each type of component in the debris waste stream may be estimated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems.NOTE 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

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4.1 Lubricating oils can be formulated with additives, which can act as detergents, anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, and so forth. Some additives can contain one or more of calcium, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. This test method can be used to determine if the oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to content of these elements.4.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (Table 3).4.3 This test method can also be used to determine if lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to chlorine concentration. In this context, specification can refer to contamination.4.4 This test method is not intended for use on samples that contain some component that significantly interferes with the analysis of the elements specified in the scope.4.5 This test method can complement other test methods for lube oils and additives, including Test Methods D4628, D4927, D4951, and D5185.1.1 This test method covers the determination of calcium, chlorine, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Matrix effects are handled with mathematical corrections.1.2 For each element, the upper limit of the concentration range covered by this test method is defined by the highest concentration listed in Table 1. Samples containing higher concentrations can be analyzed following dilution.1.3 For each element, the lower limit of the concentration range covered by this test method can be estimated by the limit of detection (LOD)2 (see also 40 CFR 136 Appendix B) or limit of quantification (LOQ),2 both of which can be estimated from Sr, the repeatability standard deviation. LOD and LOQ values, determined from results obtained in the interlaboratory study on precision, are listed in Table 2.1.3.1 LOD and LOQ are not intrinsic constants of this test method. LOD and LOQ depend upon the precision attainable by a laboratory when using this test method.1.4 This test method uses regression software to determine calibration parameters, which can include influence coefficients (that is, interelement effect coefficients) (Guide E1361), herein referenced as alphas. Alphas can also be determined from theory using relevant software.1.5 Setup of this test method is intended for persons trained in the practice of X-ray spectrometry. Following setup, this test method can be used routinely.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or angstrom (Å) units are to be regarded separately as standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 541元 / 折扣价： 482 元 加购物车

定价： 541元 / 折扣价： 482 元 加购物车

定价： 541元 / 折扣价： 482 元 加购物车

定价： 541元 / 折扣价： 482 元 加购物车