4.1 Use—The standard is intended for use on a voluntary basis by an estimator of costs and liabilities for environmental matters. The user may elect to apply this standard for any or all uses outlined in the Purpose. Application of this standard for one use does not compel application of the standard for all or any other use.4.2 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this standard and should be used to resolve ambiguity or dispute regarding the interpretation of estimated costs and liabilities for environmental matters.4.2.1 Framing the Estimate—It is important to understand and document/disclose the framework in which the estimate is being made, including identification of the requestor, estimator and relevant qualifications, purpose of the estimate, audience/user of the estimate, limitations, assumptions, and a description of what constitutes a reliable estimate.4.2.2 Caution When Repurposing Estimates—The estimator should exercise care when repurposing an estimate generated for one objective and audience. For example, an estimator may use the expected value approach on a given cost and liability, and find that the “financial assurance estimate” uses unique financial assumptions (inflation, discount rate, time horizon) specified by a state regulator, while a “project controls” or “reserve” forecast – for the very same cost and liability -- will use differing financial factors.4.2.3 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—Even though an estimate of costs and liabilities for environmental matters is prepared in accordance with this standard, uncertainty remains with regard to, among other things, the resolution of contractual, technological, regulatory, legislative, and judicial issues, which could affect the costs and liabilities. However, inherent uncertainty in estimates should not prevent an estimate from being made.4.2.4 Periodic Review of Assumptions and Estimates—Assumptions underlying estimates should be reviewed, documented and periodically analyzed for the purpose of incorporating new information. There is a preference for current information over historical assumptions if the current information is comprehensive and comparable. Subsequent improvements in estimates should be made as more information becomes available, or as recognition benchmarks or obligating events occur. For example, for remediation of an individual site, such assumptions include changes to the conceptual site model; contaminant concentration data found in soil, groundwater, air and sediments; the selection of different remedial technologies; the indication of a preferred alternative by the governing agency; the weighting of alternatives; the probability of failure of a remedial technology to achieve the desired outcome in the time anticipated; the probability of accelerated or delayed enforcement; the probability of a compressed remedial construction timetable; the explicit or implied value of impacted drinking water, wetlands, and other natural resources; changes to the default values of fines and penalties and their associated tax consequences; and the ability to pay of PRPs or other counterparties. Changes in available information such as contaminant data, market prices, regulatory requirements, precedential court findings, technology, counterparty ability to pay, dutyholder ability to pay, property use, inflation and discount rates, or other issues may affect the basis for the estimates, therefore necessitating revisions.94.2.5 Comparison with Subsequent Estimates—Subsequent estimates based on additional information should not be construed as indicating the prior estimates of costs and liabilities for environmental matters were unreasonable at the time they were made. Estimates should be evaluated on the reasonableness of analyses and judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent improved estimates should not be considered valid standards on which to measure the reasonableness of a prior estimate based on hindsight, new information, use of developing analytical techniques, or other factors. However, information on trends in estimates over time may be of value to a user of the cost and liability estimates. Any comparison should recognize the reasons the estimates were performed, whether they were accomplished under the standard and any differences in technique in the application of the standard.4.2.6 Not Exhaustive—Estimation of costs and liabilities for environmental matters does not necessarily require an exhaustive evaluation of all possible outcomes. A point exists at which the cost of obtaining information or the time required to gather it outweighs improvement in the quality of the estimate.4.2.7 Assessment of Risk—The actual or potential risk to human health and the environment should be considered in assessing environmental matters. The degree of risk should be a factor in developing the cost and liability estimates associated with those matters.4.2.8 Estimator Selection—An appropriate estimator or group of estimators will consist of those individuals or groups who possess sufficient knowledge, training, and experience to develop appropriate estimates for the costs and liabilities being estimated. It is the responsibility of the entity sponsoring the cost and liability estimates to select an estimator with the appropriate level of knowledge, training, and experience for the parts of the estimation effort for which that estimator is responsible. The estimator should be free of conflicts of interest to provide an objective and reliable estimate.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this document is to provide a standard guide for good commercial and customary practice in estimating costs and liabilities for environmental matters.2 Many possible uses for estimates of costs and liabilities for environmental matters exist, including but not limited to business decision making and portfolio optimization, due diligence and communications involving acquisitions and divestitures, regulatory requirements, third-party lawsuits, insurance premium calculation and claim settlement, change of property use, revitalization, compliance planning, construction and project control, analysis of remedial alternatives, budgeting, strategic planning, audit defense, financing, and investment analysis by shareholders. The use of estimated costs and liabilities developed in accordance with this standard may be subject to other standards applicable to the matter involved. For example, it is not intended to supersede accounting and actuarial standards. This standard does not address the establishment of reserves or disclosure requirements.1.2 Objectives—The objective of this standard is to provide guidance on approaches for estimating costs and liabilities for environmental matters.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides a reference to the manufacturing community for the evaluation of environmental sustainability aspects of manufacturing processes. This guide is intended to improve efficiencies and consistencies of informal methods by providing procedures for consistent evaluations of manufacturing processes.4.2 This guide describes a procedure to identify parameters and models for evaluating sustainability metrics for a particular process. Users of this guide will benefit from insight into the sustainability implications of selected processes as well as the contributing factors.1.1 This guide provides guidance to develop manufacturer-specific procedures for evaluating the environmental sustainability performance of manufacturing processes. This guide introduces decision support methods that can be used to improve sustainability performance.1.2 The scope of this guide is constrained by the manufacturing phase of the life cycle. The guide addresses specifics related to the processes and procedures within this phase.1.3 This guide will allow manufacturers to make effective evaluations during plant and enterprise-wide decision-making within the manufacturing phase.1.4 This guide focuses on environmental sustainability impacts, though social and economic impacts are not explicitly excluded.1.5 This guide addresses:1.5.1 Setting boundaries for the evaluation of environmental sustainability of a process or processes,1.5.2 Identifying the process and equipment-related parameters necessary for environmental sustainability-driven process evaluation,1.5.3 Creating process models using these parameters,1.5.4 Utilizing process models to support consistent evaluations and sustainability-driven decision-making in a manufacturing enterprise.NOTE 1: See ULE 880 for additional guidance at enterprise-level decision-making.1.6 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) standards, efficiency as discussed in the ISO 50000 series (ISO 50001) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Stakeholder engagement, in the climate vulnerability context, most often refers to the meaningful involvement of affected parties in planning or decision-making efforts in order to integrate their knowledge and values with a particular project’s more specialized knowledge and purpose. In turn, stakeholders are often broadly defined as those people who are affected by or can affect a decision and range from the “average” citizen to groups of highly interested or invested decision-makers.5.2 It is important that stakeholders understand the role they are invited to play in a public engagement program. This will help provide clarity to the process and help avoid misunderstandings. Stakeholder roles may naturally evolve over the period that they are engaged in a public process, and as transition occurs, it is wise to redefine these roles. When an advisory committee or partnership between public agencies is established, it is helpful to develop a charter or other memo of understanding that describes the roles and responsibilities of all involved.5.3 EPA’s Public Involvement Spectrum (2015)(6) can provide useful tools. Fig. 2 illustrates a spectrum of public involvement options that may be appropriate.FIG. 2 EPA Public Involvement Spectrum.Source: U.S. EPA’s Public Involvement Spectrum1.1 This guide provides a series of steps to develop and execute an effective stakeholder engagement process for a broad spectrum of environmental projects including, but not limited to, site remediation and brownfields development, as well as local and regional climate resiliency and climate vulnerability initiatives. This guide does not apply to broad programmatic initiatives.1.2 Effective stakeholder engagement in site remediation, brownfields redevelopment, habitat restoration, climate resiliency, climate vulnerability, and flood prevention and control projects requires a process that is based on mutual education, effective communication about the project and its impacts, identification of the interests that will be affected, and open discussion about how to address those interests to the extent that is possible. The General Accountability Office suggests that core principles and strategic approaches enhance stakeholder participation (GAO 2006)(1)2. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported that stakeholders developed more robust mitigation measures that addressed multiple hazards when they integrated climate variability into vulnerability and risk assessments associated with flooding and other natural disasters in the East Bay area of California’s San Francisco Bay. (NOAA, 2021)(2).1.3 An effective stakeholder engagement process (see Fig. 1) can create benefits for large projects, including:3FIG. 1 Stakeholder Engagement ProcessSource: Eurofleets https://www.eurofleets.eu/stakeholders/1.3.1 Improved, sustainable outcomes, because the final project plan builds on local capacity and knowledge and considers local and regional issues that may require resolution in order to move forward.1.3.2 Shared understanding of perspectives, issues, challenges, alternatives, and how these influence the desired or necessary outcomes1.3.3 Credibility of and predictability for the project plan that comes from transparency1.3.4 Stakeholder support for the planning process through shared data, ideas, funding, and political support1.3.5 Strengthened relationships among affected parties for moving forward on the project.1.3.6 Satisfying any legally-required public notice and participation requirements.1.3.6.1 Stakeholder engagement should not be confused with the public participation requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act codified in 40 CFR §6.203. because NEPA potentially does not involve stakeholders until later in the project development process. In addition, NEPA's public participation process is not as flexible as that described in this guide.1.3.7 Welp and Stoll-Kleeman (2006)(3) reported additional benefits of engaging stakeholders and affected parties in decisions regarding natural resources management. These benefits include:1.3.7.1 Enhanced understanding,1.3.7.2 Developing new options,1.3.7.3 Decreasing hostility among participants through improved dialog and discussion,1.3.7.4 Enlightening legal policy makers,1.3.7.5 Producing competent, fair, and optimized solutions,1.3.7.6 Accelerating the decision-making process.1.4 In order to identify prospective stakeholders, ISO 26000 clause 5.3.2 suggests that an organization should ask the following questions:1.4.1 To whom does the organization have legal obligations?1.4.2 Who might be positively or negatively affected by the organization’s decisions, activities, or anticipated outcomes?1.4.2.1 Mediators and facilitators are expected to be neutral parties.1.4.3 Who is likely to express opinions and concerns about the decisions and activities of the organization?1.4.4 Who has been involved in the past when similar concerns needed to be addressed?1.4.5 Who can help the organization address specific impacts?1.4.6 Who can affect the organization’s ability to meet its responsibilities?1.4.7 Who are the affected parties that would be disadvantaged if excluded from the engagement?1.5 Stakeholder prioritization criteria1.5.1 Identification of criteria to prioritize stakeholder engagement may be useful for some projects (Sharpe, 2021)(4). These criteria include, but are not limited to:1.5.1.1 Level of interest,1.5.1.2 Proximity, including nearby property owners,,1.5.1.3 Fairness,1.5.1.4 Magnitude of impact,1.5.1.5 Underrepresented and underserved populations,1.5.1.6 Probability of impact,1.5.1.7 Level of community influence,1.5.1.8  Cost, and1.5.1.9 Time to implement a proposed project plan.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers lime and limestone productions and by-product alkaline materials suitable for environmental uses. Requirements for quicklime, hydrated lime, and limestone for the designated end uses are specified, and are on the basis of the weight of sample taken at the place of manufacture. Quicklime shall be free of unslakable residues and shall be capable of disintegrating in water to form a suspension of finely divided material. The amount of residue shall not exceed that agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser (the residue is the amount of the material retained on a specified screen). The slaking rate for the specified quicklime should be matched to the requirements of the slaking equipment. Test methods such as chemical analyses, physical tests and basic factor test shall be performed. 1.1 This specification covers lime and limestone products and by-product alkaline materials suitable for environmental uses as shown in Table 1. CQ   =   Quicklime, high-calcium DQ   =   Quicklime, dolomitic MQ   =   Quicklime, magnesian CH   =   Hydrated lime, high-calcium DH   =   Hydrated lime, dolomitic MH   =   Hydrated lime, magnesian CL   =   Limestone, high-calcium DL   =   Limestone, dolomitic ML   =   Limestone, magnesian 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 The buyer shall designate the use, as listed in Table 1, and may specify one or more of the type designations listed below Table 1. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The report provides an equipment specifier or buyer the information they need when submitting data about equipment in a project to sustainable certification programs such as, but not limited to, U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building program. The results of the analysis may also be used to compare to similar pieces of commercial food service equipment to determine which unit has a higher sustainability point total. Because a higher point total does not always indicate the product has a lower environmental impact, the user can review the report to determine how the points were awarded for each unit.1.1 This practice for analyzing the environmental impact of food service equipment is intended to document the performance of food service equipment using attributes that are indicators of the appliance’s environmental impact. It includes, but is not limited to, cooking, warewashing, refrigeration, ventilation, and mechanical equipment that use energy or water in a typical commercial cooking application.1.1.1 The method assigns points for each attribute and calculates a total score for the appliance. A specifier or purchaser of the appliance may use the individual results for certain attributes that are important in their analysis of the environmental impact of product. The results may also be used to compare the environmental impact of one model to another of the same type of equipment.1.1.2 The total score is not intended to provide a positive or negative judgment of a certain appliance’s environmental impact.1.1.2.1 This analysis includes attributes that occur in the manufacturing, use, and disposal of a product.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Uses—This practice sets forth a procedure for conducting limited environmental due diligence. This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental condition of a subject property where a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment is, initially, deemed to be unnecessary by the user and the parties do not seek CERCLA LLPs. This practice is intended primarily as a commercially prudent or reasonable approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify potential environmental concerns in connection with a subject property. 4.2 Clarifications on Use:  4.2.1 Use Not Intended for CERCLA Liability Protection—This document is not intended to permit a user to satisfy CERCLA LLPs, that is, the practices that constitute all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the subject property consistent with “generally accepted good commercial and customary standards and practices” as defined in 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). 4.2.2 Transaction Screen Does Not Identify Recognized Environmental Conditions—This practice does not define a scope of assessment sufficient to identify recognized environmental conditions as defined in Practice E1527 and Practice E2247. 4.2.3 Residential Tenants/Purchasers and Others—Although this practice is not intended for residential purposes, it may be used at the user’s discretion for residential tenants of multifamily residential buildings, tenants of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for residential use to conduct a transaction screen in connection with these transactions. 4.2.4 Site-Specific—This practice is site-specific in that it relates to assessment of environmental conditions at a subject property. Consequently, this practice does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities, or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities. 4.3 Who May Conduct—The transaction screen process may be conducted by the user, or some other person, including environmental consultants, lenders, brokers, appraisers, corporations, lawyers, government agencies (civilian and military), or any other party looking to screen environmental property risk. The transaction screen process can be performed by but does not require the judgment of an environmental professional. If an environmental professional is contracted to prepare a transaction screen questionnaire, nothing in this practice requires the professional to develop opinions and conclusions. Some government programs permit use of this practice when combined with an additional requirement for professional opinions or conclusions or both. Nothing in this practice precludes a user from contracting with any person identified herein for mutually agreed upon additional services. 4.4 Inquiry Beyond the Transaction Screen Process—If further inquiry is needed after performance of the transaction screen process, the user should determine, in the exercise of the user’s reasonable business judgment, whether further inquiry may be limited to those specific issues identified as of concern or should proceed to further inquiry (see 5.9). 4.5 No transaction screen can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding potential environmental concerns in connection with a subject property. 4.5.1 Not every property will warrant the use of a limited environmental assessment such as the transaction screen. The appropriate use of the transaction screen will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user , and the information developed in the course of the inquiry. 4.5.2 Transaction screens must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent environmental site assessments or transaction screens should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors. 4.6 Continued Viability of Transaction Screen—A transaction screen meeting or exceeding this practice and completed more than 180 days previously may be used to the extent allowed by 4.6.1 and 4.6.2. 4.6.1 Subject to 4.6.2, a prior transaction screen or other due diligence may be used in its entirety or as an information source if, in the reasonable judgment of the user, the prior transaction screen or other due diligence meets or exceeds the requirements of this practice and the conditions at the subject property likely to affect potential environmental concerns in connection with the subject property are not likely to have changed materially since the last transaction screen or other due diligence was conducted. In making this judgment, the user should consider the type of property assessed and the conditions in the area surrounding the subject property. Note 2: Some government programs and some lenders allow the use of a transaction screen completed within the prior 12 months. 4.6.2 If the user, or any other preparer conducting a transaction screen has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior transaction screen is no longer accurate or if it is obvious, based on other information obtained by means of the transaction screen or known to the person conducting the transaction screen, that the information being used is not accurate at the time of the current transaction screen, such information from a prior transaction screen may not be used. 4.7 The contractual and legal obligations between a preparer and a user (and other parties, if any) are beyond the scope of this practice. 4.7.1 The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of transaction screens or between those who conducted prior transaction screens and those who would like to use such prior transaction screens are beyond the scope of this practice. 4.8 If the user is aware of any specialized knowledge or experience that is material to potential environmental concerns in connection with the subject property, and the preparer is not the user, it is the user’s responsibility to communicate any information based on such specialized knowledge or experience to the preparer. The user should do so before the preparer conducts the site visit. 1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to define a good practice in the United States of America for conducting a transaction screen2 for a subject property where the user wishes to conduct limited environmental due diligence (that is, less than a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment). If the driving force behind the environmental due diligence is a desire to qualify for one of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs), this practice should not be applied. Instead, the ASTM E1527: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process or ASTM E2247: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property may be used. 1.1.1 This practice will not satisfy the requirement to conduct all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the subject property consistent with “generally accepted good commercial and customary standards and practices” as defined in 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B) to qualify for one of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs). Users who desire to conduct environmental due diligence to qualify for one of the CERCLA LLPs should conduct assessment activities in conformity with “Standards and Practices for All Appropriate Inquiries,” 40 C.F.R. Part 312; ASTM E1527: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process or ASTM E2247: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process for Forestland or Rural Property. 1.2 An evaluation of business environmental risk associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice. See Sections 1.4 and 9. 1.2.1 Potential Environmental Concerns—The goal of conducting a transaction screen is to identify potential environmental concerns as defined in 3.2.36. 1.2.2 Other Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any state or local laws or of any federal laws. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws may impose environmental assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this practice. In some cases, government agencies permit the use of this practice in connection with their programs but sometimes impose additional requirements going beyond this practice. Users should also be aware that there are likely to be other legal obligations with regard to chemicals of concern discovered on property that are not addressed in this practice and may pose risks of civil or criminal sanctions or both for non-compliance. 1.3 Objective—The objective guiding the development of this practice is to facilitate standardized transaction screens. 1.3.1 Note of Caution—The user should be cautious in applying this practice to properties with known current or historical handling of chemicals of concern. See Note 1. 1.3.2 Potentially Appropriate Uses—This practice may be especially appropriate for properties in rural, non-industrial, or undeveloped locations or, subject to the criteria of a lending institution, in connection with a financing of properties that are expected to have few environmental concerns. Note 1: In general, a transaction screen assessment is not suitable for purposes of evaluating environmental conditions of a property having activities that use, handle, store, or dispose of large volumes of chemicals, either currently or in the past. Such activities include, but are not limited to, manufacturing, vehicle fueling, dry cleaning, metal plating and finishing, circuit board manufacturing, junkyard, and landfill activities which would prompt the need for further inquiry. Refuting the presumption of a potential environmental concern on such properties normally requires the specialized knowledge and experience of an environmental professional completing a detailed environmental assessment such as a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. 1.4 Considerations Beyond the —The use of this practice is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 9 of this practice identifies, for informational purposes, certain environmental conditions (not an all-inclusive list) that may exist on a subject property that are beyond the scope of this practice but may warrant consideration by parties to a commercial real estate transaction. The need to include an investigation of any such conditions in the scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reasons for performing the assessment (for example, a more comprehensive evaluation of business environmental risk) and should be agreed upon as additional services beyond the scope of this practice prior to initiation of the Transaction Screen Process. 1.5 Organization of This Practice—This practice has several parts and one appendix. Section 1 is the . Section 2 refers to other ASTM standards in the Referenced Documents. Section 3, Terminology, has definitions of terms not unique to this practice, descriptions of terms unique to this practice, and acronyms. Section 4 is of this practice. Section 5 is the Introduction to the Transaction Screen Process. Section 6 sets forth the Transaction Screen Questionnaire itself. Sections 7 and 8 contain the Guide to the Transaction Screen Questionnaire and its various parts. Section 9 provides additional information regarding non-scope considerations. See 1.4. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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