定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 While pyrolysis bio-oils are comprised of a large variety of compounds and chemical functional groups, quantification of carbonyl groups is especially important. Carbonyls are known to be responsible for the instability of bio-oil during both storage and processing. This method can be used to quantify the total carbonyl content of bio-oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbonyl content of bio-oils derived from thermochemical decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass and their deoxygenated products. This method is used for determination of carbonyls between 0.5 and 8 mol/kg.1.2 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipment.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This guide may be useful to forensic engineers, courts, jurists, attorneys, insurance adjusters, and clients of forensic engineers. Although this guide is directed to the practice of forensic engineering, its description of the elements of investigative reports may be useful to practitioners in other disciplines that embrace scientific laws and theories.5.2 This guide is based on Guide E2713, which discusses elements of the practice of forensic engineering and provides suggested readings which may be of interest to those creating (or reading) forensic engineering reports.5.3 This guide is informational and not mandatory. Not all items necessarily apply to all forensic engineering reports. Practitioners should adopt the requirements stated herein as appropriate to their individual situations.1.1 This document provides guidance on the purpose, content, and limitations of forensic engineering expert reports, and it discusses report representation in electronic form.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 In 2014, the U.S. EPA published the final rules adding renewable fuel pathways under the RFS Program. The rules qualified kernel fiber as a cellulosic feedstock meeting the 60 % greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and qualifies for the generation of D3 RINs. These rules allow for two approaches for kernel fiber conversion (CFR 40, Part 80 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2012-0401; FRL-9910-40-OAR):4.1.1 Producers of cellulosic fuels derived from conversion of feedstocks that are predominantly cellulosic, where “predominantly cellulosic” is defined as feedstock that has an average adjusted cellulosic content of 75 %, measured on a dry mass basis; furthermore, this ‘‘adjusted cellulosic content’’ is the percent of organic (non-ash) material that is cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin (CFR 40, Part 80 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2012-0401; FRL-9910-40-OAR).4.1.2 Producers of cellulosic fuels derived from the simultaneous conversion of feedstocks that are predominantly cellulosic and feedstocks that are not predominantly cellulosic (CFR 40, Part 80 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2012-0401; FRL-9910-40-OAR).4.2 Producers that wish to gain approval to the pathway that claims simultaneous conversion of feedstocks that are predominantly cellulosic and feedstocks that are not predominantly cellulosic are required to quantify the amount of renewable fuel that is derived specifically from cellulosic content and from starch. To accomplish this, the producer needs to quantify the amount of cellulosic content and starch present before the conversion process begins and after the conversion process is complete. These measurements of cellulosic content and starch content before and after conversion are used to calculate a converted fraction of each, which is then used to ratio the renewable fuel produced accordingly and assign those respective gallons the D6 or D3 RIN code (CFR 40, Part 80 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2012-0401; FRL-9910-40-OAR).1.1 This practice provides criteria for the sampling, testing, and calculation methodologies used for the quantification of the converted fraction of starch and cellulosic content. Furthermore, this practice covers procedures for the management of the standard error associated with the sampling and testing of before conversion and after conversion samples from a fuel ethanol production facility.1.1.1 This practice can be used to determine the volume of renewable fuel produced from the simultaneous conversion of starch and cellulosic material eligible for generating D3 RINs under the United States (U.S.) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).1.2 This practice covers the collection and testing of heterogeneous material, including, but not limited to: corn, sorghum, wheat, mash, beer, whole stillage, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and dried distillers grains.1.3 This practice is intended to be used in renewable fuel production facilities designed to produce renewable alcohols. Use of this practice in any other type of process has not been reviewed.1.4 This practice can be utilized using either manual or automatic sampling techniques, so long as the criteria of this practice are followed.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

5.1 Periodic testing of spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping is required by US EPA regulation § 40 CFR §280.35.5.2 The spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing according to § 40 CFR §280.35. Under this practice, an annual test is required.5.3 The phrase liquid tight is an ambiguous expression with the acceptable leak rate dependent upon the nature of the liquid and the purpose of the evaluated material. This practice defines liquid tight.5.3.1 There is no minimum containment capacity or leak rate criteria for spill prevention equipment or containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping.5.4 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are designed to contain a regulated substance that is released from the primary fuel path of a UST system including leaks that occur when the delivery hose is disconnected from the fill pipe, until the regulated substance is detected and removed. There is no established maximum leak rate, capacity requirement or holding time.5.5 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps must be properly installed pursuant to § 40 CFR §280.20 in accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Properly installed spill prevention equipment and containment sumps will perform as designed unless one or more components have become compromised. Indications of component compromise that could impact the capability of a sump to remain liquid tight are visually observable.5.6 This practice is used to perform a liquid test of sumps to determine if the sumps are liquid tight, capable of containing a regulated substance leaked from the primary fuel path of the UST system until the regulated substance is detected and removed.5.7 Liquid testing by visual examination is the process of using the naked eye, alone or in conjunction with various aids such as portable lighting, camera, or mirrors, as the sensing mechanism from which a determination is made about the condition of the sump being inspected.5.8 This practice is only applicable to spill prevention equipment and containment sumps after installation testing is complete. Properly installed spill prevention equipment and containment sumps will remain liquid tight unless one or more components become compromised.5.9 The periodic operation and maintenance walkthrough inspections required by §40 CFR §280.36 will not comply with this practice unless conducted by a professional inspector and all requirements of Section 7 are addressed.5.10 This practice is not applicable where components are not observable.5.11 This practice does not supersede requirements developed by the manufacturer of items tested, if any requirements exist.1.1 Spill prevention equipment, and containment sumps are tested periodically to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing pursuant to United States of America federal regulations found in § 40 CFR 280.35.1.2 This practice provides a liquid test by visual examination conducted by a professional inspector to determine if the spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are liquid tight.1.3 The user is expected to have knowledge of UST installation procedures and UST operational, maintenance and testing requirements of § 40 CFR 280 et seq, related to the tasks performed.1.4 Section 6 provides the minimum qualifications and educational requirements of a professional inspector. The authority having jurisdiction may have additional certification requirements.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Hazards known to this practice are identified in Section 8.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 927元 加购物车

1.1 This practice provides guidelines and criteria to follow when selecting reference scenarios, utilizing science-based measurable indicators, to facilitate a transparent and replicable comparison.1.1.1 It is a common desire for decision makers, researchers, and others to assess the effects of bioproducts. Such assessments inherently require the comparison of conditions under a system with the bioproduct (test scenario) to a system without the bioproduct (the reference scenario).1.1.2 This practice is applicable, but not limited to, life-cycle assessments (LCA), sustainability analyses, and techno-economic assessments (TEA).1.2 This practice provides consistent terminology for use with the test and reference scenario. The terminology used in this practice may be used in other documents and by other practitioners with alternate definitions.1.3 This practice is applicable whenever the test or reference scenario involves biomass directly or energy or industrial chemicals from biomass.1.4 This practice provides guidelines for developing and documenting reference scenarios that represent the best available data and projections for what is expected to occur in the absence of the biomass-based test scenario to be evaluated.1.5 The practice is applicable to:1.5.1 Reviews and evaluations of the suitability of the reference scenario selected for an existing study or comparison.1.5.2 All biomass-based production systems and materials, including forestry, agriculture, algae, co-products, and wastes.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车