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5.1 These procedures can be used to generate microplastic particles as a simulation of microplastic particles found in the natural environment. Suitable uses may include evaluation of microplastic detection and imaging methods. Use of reference samples will support estimation of ambient and flux concentrations in drinking water, wastewater and natural environments, investigations of microplastic particle degradation, and ingestion of microplastics by animals in the contexts of food safety and human health risk assessment.1.1 This practice describes manufacturing methods to create microplastic particles from pellets of common polymers and the preparation of microplastic reference samples for calibration and proficiency evaluation of microplastic collection practices, preparation practices, and identification methods.1.2 This practice does not describe methods for controlling or characterizing the shapes of particles. The procedures have been observed to yield irregularly shaped particles, the use of which in many cases will serve to remove the analytical bias inherent with using distinctive manufactured spherical beads. Other procedures should be used if spheres or elongated fibers are desired.1.3 This practice does not describe handling procedures for waste generated when executing the procedures described herein. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to follow applicable laws and regulations when manufacturing and disposing of microplastic particles, and to establish appropriate procedures to minimize the amount of waste generated.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ICN value determined by this test method provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil used in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners, fuel producers and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel ICN determinations to the full scale, variable speed, variable load diesel engine is not completely understood.5.4 This test can be applied to non-conventional diesel fuels.5.5 This test determines ICN; it requires a sample of approximately 40 mL and a test time of approximately 25 min.5.6 This test method is based on the Energy Institute Test Method IP 617.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the indicated cetane number (ICN) of conventional diesel fuel oils, and diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives; it is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D and 2-D diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and CAN/CGSB-3.520. The test method is also applicable to biodiesel, blends of diesel fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, materials as specified in Specifications D975, D6751, D7467 and European standards EN 14214, EN 16734, and EN 16709), diesel fuels from non-petroleum origin, hydrocarbon oils, diesel fuel oil blending components, aviation turbine fuels, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME).1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with direct fuel injection into heated compressed air. The apparatus is calibrated using blends of reference fuels. ICN is determined directly from ignition delay using an instrument specific reference fuel calibration curve.1.3 This test method and its precision cover the calibrated range of 35 ICN to 85 ICN, inclusive. The analyzer can measure ICN outside the calibrated range, but the precision has not been determined.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.4.2 Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry is one of the more widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for multi-element analysis as evident from at least twelve standard test methods (for example, Test Methods C1111, D1976, D4951, D5184, D5185, D5600, D5708, D6130, D6349, D6357, D7040, D7111, D7303, and D7691) published for the analysis of fossil fuels and related materials. These have been briefly summarized by Nadkarni (1).54.2.1 Determination of mercury and trace metals in crude oils using atomic spectroscopic methods is discussed in Guide D8056.4.3 The advantages of using an ICP-AES analysis include high sensitivity for many elements of interest in the oil industry, relative freedom from interferences, linear calibration over a wide dynamic concentration range, single or multi-element capability, and ability to calibrate the instrument based on elemental standards irrespective of their elemental chemical forms, within limits described below such as solubility and volatility assuming direct liquid aspiration. Thus, the technique has become a method of choice in most of the oil industry laboratories for metal analyses of petroleum products and lubricants.4.4 In addition to the ICP-AES standards listed in 2.2, a new ICP-MS standard, Test Method D8110, has been issued for analysis of distillate products for multi-element determination of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, and K.1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for the multi-element measurements using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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