4.1 Measurement of thermal expansion is useful for predicting stress within joined materials or single materials under conditions of changing or nonuniform temperature. It can also serve as an indicator of phase composition or changes in structure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear thermal expansion of premelted frit (porcelain enamel and glaze) and ceramic whiteware products by the thermal dilatometer method. This test method is applicable to apparatus meeting the reproducibility and accuracy requirements of this test method, which are to produce percent linear expansion accuracy of ±3 % or better and coefficient of linear expansion accuracy of ±5 % or better.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 After application to either interior or exterior surfaces, latex paints may be subjected to conditions of high humidity, condensation, or precipitation. This may sometimes lead to a loss of adhesion to the substrate over which they have been applied. This method is a quantitative measure of the adhesion of latex paints to glossy substrates under such conditions.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring by scrubbing the adhesion of latex paints to glossy alkyd enamel substrates after exposure to wet conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method provides for easy detection of discontinuities and areas of light coverage that are not readily seen by visual inspection on corrosion protective porcelain enamel coatings. These two issues limit the protection to the metal substrate. Apparatus includes a nondestructive coating thickness gage, either an ac or a dc high-voltage discharge test instrument with a continuously variable output voltage, and a mesh wire gauze test probe. This test uses porcelain enameled glass coating specimens of any size which should be removed from an edge or the back of a specimen and then properly conditioned as specified. If the probe is wider than the specimen, the specimen edges should be masked using electrical insulating tape.1.1 Porcelain enamel coatings are applied to metals to provide protection from corrosion as well as to enhance their appearance. This test method permits the easy detection of discontinuities and areas of light coverage, not readily seen by visual inspection, which limit the protection to the substrate. Somewhat similar tests applicable to the thicker glass coatings used for chemical reaction vessels are found in Test Methods C536 and C537.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This standard may be used by paint companies and raw material suppliers to assess the interactions of primers and topcoats with respect to their ability to provide good enamel holdout. Primer/topcoat systems with the best enamel holdout will result in desirable gloss in the first coat of topcoat application.1.1 This standard provides a method for determining the holdout characteristics of a primer and topcoat coating application. A standard topcoat is used to determine the absorption characteristics of a primer. Enamel holdout can be measured as a difference in observed gloss of the topcoat over a primer, relative to the gloss of the same topcoat over a non-porous, smooth surface.1.2 The standard is written in the context that the user will be evaluating the enamel holdout characteristics of a primer. Alternatively, the standard may be used as a method to evaluate the enamel holdout characteristics of primer/topcoat system where the primer is constant and different topcoats are used as test paints.1.3 This standard may also be used for evaluation of paints other than primers as the first coat. In this alteration the user can test the enamel holdout characteristics of a self-primed topcoat, or use of any other type of paint as the primer followed by the use of a standard topcoat.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The dilatometer method of measuring linear thermal expansion of vitreous glass enamels and glass enamel frits has the advantage of simplicity, lends itself to automatic, self-recording arrangements, and requires test specimens of simple configuration.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of vitreous glass enamels and glass enamel frit specimens for the measurement of linear thermal expansion using Test Method E228.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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