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5.1 This test method is used to document the ability of a solid waste resource recovery separator to capture the component(s) of interest in the desired process stream.5.2 The recovery determined in this way is used in conjunction with the purity of the product, as described in Test Method E889.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the recovery of a desired product in a device processing solid waste for the purpose of concentrating a component of interest. The recovery is determined with respect to the amount of the desired component in one output stream (accepts) as opposed to another output stream (rejects). The results of this calculation determine the effectiveness of component separation when coupled with a measure of product purity as described in Test Method E889.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.35.2 This test method is applicable for natural waters, industrial wastewaters and effluents.1.1 This test method is used to determine the concentration of total cyanide in an aqueous wastewater or effluent. This test method detects the cyanides that are free (HCN and CN–) and strong-metal-cyanide complexes that dissociate and release free cyanide when refluxed under strongly acidic conditions.1.2 This test method may not be applicable to process solutions from precious metals mining operations.1.3 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 2 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) total cyanide. Higher concentrations can be measured with sample dilution or lower injection volume.1.4 The determinative step of this test method utilizes flow injection with amperometric detection based on Test Method D6888. Prior to analysis, samples must be distilled with a micro-distillation apparatus described in this test method or with a suitable cyanide distillation apparatus specified in Test Methods D2036.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 1/10 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent.1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (see Practices E1386, E1388, E1413, and E2154).1.4 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent qualitative analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, see Test Method E1618.5.2 The sensitivity of this practice is such that a sample consisting of a laboratory tissue onto which as little as 0.1 µL of ignitable liquid has been deposited, in an otherwise empty sample container, will result in an extract that is sufficient for identification and classification using Test Method E1618 (1).5.2.1 Recovery from fire debris samples will vary, depending on factors including debris temperature, adsorbent temperature, container size, adsorptive material, headspace volume, sampling time and flow rate, and adsorptive competition from the sample matrix (2).5.3 The principal concepts of dynamic headspace concentration are similar to those of static headspace concentration (Practice E3189). The dynamic headspace concentration technique can be more sensitive than the static headspace concentration technique. However, sample containers subjected to dynamic headspace concentration could be unsuitable for re-sampling.5.3.1 Dynamic headspace concentration alters the original composition of the test sample because a portion of the original headspace from the sample container is removed and exchanged with dry inert gas or air. A portion of the concentrated headspace sample should be preserved for potential future analysis, if possible and if required, in accordance with Practice E2451.5.4 Common solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations in use are activated carbon/solvent elution, and Tenax4 TA/thermal desorption.5.5 Solid adsorbent/desorption procedure combinations not specifically described in this standard can be used as long as the practice has been validated as outlined in Section 11.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube, with subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption.1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube takes place from a closed, rigid sample container (typically a metal can), using a source of dry inert gas or a vacuum system.1.3 Both positive and negative applied pressure systems for dynamic headspace concentration onto an adsorbent tube are illustrated and described.1.4 This practice is suitable for preparing extracts from fire debris samples containing a range of volumes (µL to mL) of ignitable liquid residues, with sufficient recovery for subsequent qualitative analysis (1).21.5 Alternative headspace concentration methods are listed in Section 2 (see Practices E1388, E1412, E3189, and E2154).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience (Practice E2917) and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Presence of even low concentrations of PVC in recycled PET flakes results in equipment corrosion problems during processing. The PVC contamination level shall dictate the market for use of the recycled polymer in secondary products. Procedures presented in this practice are used to identify the PVC contamination in recycled PET flakes.NOTE 4: These procedures may also be used to estimate the concentration of PVC contamination.1.1 This practice covers four procedures for separation and qualitative identification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes.NOTE 1: Although not presented as a quantitative method, procedures presented in this practice may be used to provide quantitative results at the discretion of the user. The user assumes the responsibility to verify the reproducibility of quantitative results. Data from an independent source suggest a PVC detection level of 200 ppm (w/w) based on an original sample weight of 454 g.1.2 Procedure A is based on different fluorescence of PVC and PET when these polymers are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.1.3 Procedure B is an oven test based upon the charring of PVC when it is heated in air at 235°C.1.4 Procedures C and D are dye tests based on differential staining of PVC and PET.NOTE 2: Other polymers (for example, PETG) also absorb the stain or brightener. Such interferences will result in false positive identification of PVC as the contaminant.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 8.NOTE 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide applies to the evaluation of oil-water separation systems when employed as devices for dewatering oil collected by oil-recovery devices or systems, or both. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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5.1 This test method separates asphalts into four well-defined fractions. Analysis of these fractions can be used to evaluate asphalt composition (1, 2).4 For example, one can compare the ratios of the fractions with other asphalt systems to evaluate processing and aging parameters that relate to performance properties of the asphalt.1.1 This test method covers the separation of four defined fractions from petroleum asphalts. The four fractions are defined as saturates, naphthene aromatics, polar aromatics, and iso-octane insoluble asphaltenes. This method can also be used to isolate saturates, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics from distillate products such as vacuum gas oils, lubricating oils, and cycle stocks. These distillate products usually do not contain asphaltenes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is to be used for research or informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 For the middle distillates whose boiling range is between 170 °C and 400 °C by such distillation methods like Test Method D2887, Procedure A can separate and determine the content of total aromatics and total nonaromatics by SPE and GC analysis of the resulting fractions. The determination of the total content of saturates and aromatics in petroleum middle distillates is useful to investigate the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels.5.2 The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are important to characterize the quality of diesel fuels. This test method is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly by reducing the amount of reagent consumption and avoiding the necessity of solvent evaporation step as required, for example, in such Test Method D2549.5.3 The determination of detailed hydrocarbon composition by mass spectrometry requires a preliminary separation of the sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics, as in Test Method D2425, where Test Method D2549 is used to separate the distillate fuel. The SPE fractionation procedure described herein may provide a suitable fractionation alternative approach for these mass spectrometric types of methods.5.4 Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel. Procedure B can provide a separation and determination technique to monitor the FAME content for FAME biodiesel blends.1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil between 170 °C and 400 °C, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME, by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle distillates fuel, and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by mass and biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of 0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction, and they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector) relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined content of FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.2.5).1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usually less than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of this test method and will not interfere with the determination of FAME by Procedure B. As a result, biodiesel blends, conforming to the requirements of Specification D7467, containing up to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the requirements in Specification D6751, typically contain concentrations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The diglycerides and triglycerides, if present, are not detected under the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling points.NOTE 1: If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a sample contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated FAME fraction may be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in Specification D6751 may contaminate the GC column and not recommended for this test method.1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车