This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for flasks and closures, with a fixed platinum sample holder, used in the original oxygen-flask combustion procedures.1.1 This specification covers the flask and closure, with a fixed platinum sample holder, used in the original oxygen-flask combustion procedures (1, 2).2NOTE 1: This specification was originally developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society (3). Specifications for types of apparatus that utilize electric (2, 4-7) or infrared (8) ignition are not included because of lack of experience with these.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Purpose of Guide G88—The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in designing oxygen systems or assessing the safety of oxygen systems. It emphasizes factors that cause ignition and enhance propagation throughout a system's service life so that the occurrence of these conditions may be avoided or minimized. It is not intended as a specification for the design of oxygen systems.4.2 Role of Guide G88—ASTM Committee G04’s abstract standard is Guide G128, and it introduces the overall subject of oxygen compatibility and the body of related work and related resources including standards, research reports and a DVD3 G04 has developed and adopted for use in coping with oxygen hazards. The interrelationships among the standards are shown in Table 1. Guide G88 deals with oxygen system and hardware design principles, and it is supported by a regulator ignition test (see G175). Other standards cover: (1) the selection of materials (both metals and nonmetals) which are supported by a series of standards for testing materials of interest and for preparing materials for test; (2) the cleaning of oxygen hardware which is supported by a series of standards on cleaning procedures, cleanliness testing methods, and cleaning agent selection and evaluation; (3) the study of fire incidents in oxygen systems; and (4) related terminology.(A) Test Method D2863 is under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, and Test Method D4809 is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants but both are used in the asessment of flammability and sensitivity of materials in oxygen-enriched atmospheres.(B) ASTM Manual 36 – Safe Use of Oxygen and Oxygen Systems can be used as a handbook to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in designing oxygen systems or assessing the safety of oxygen systems. However, Manual 36 is not a balloted technical standard.(C) Peer-reviewed technical papers published in ASTM Special Technical Publications (STPs) and Journal of ASTM International are not balloted standards.4.3 Use of Guide G88—Guide G88 can be used as an initial design guideline for oxygen systems and components, but can also be used as a tool to perform safety audits of existing oxygen systems and components. When used as an auditing tool for existing systems, Guide G88 can be applied in two stages: first examining system schematics/drawings, then by visually inspecting the system (that is, “walking the pipeline”). Guide G88 can be used in conjunction with the materials selection/hazards analysis approach outlined in Guides G63 and G94 to provide a comprehensive review of the fire hazards in an oxygen or oxygen-enriched system (1).71.1 This guide applies to the design of systems for oxygen or oxygen-enriched service but is not a comprehensive document. Specifically, this guide addresses system factors that affect the avoidance of ignition and fire. It does not thoroughly address the selection of materials of construction for which Guides G63 and G94 are available, nor does it cover mechanical, economic or other design considerations for which well-known practices are available. This guide also does not address issues concerning the toxicity of nonmetals in breathing gas or medical gas systems.NOTE 1: The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This standard guide is organized as follows:Section Title SectionReferenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 ASTM Adjuncts 2.2 ASTM Manuals 2.3 NFPA Documents 2.4 CGA Documents 2.5 EIGA Documents 2.6Terminology 3 4 Purpose of G88 4.1 Role of G88 4.2 Use of G88 4.3Factors Affecting the Design for an Oxygen or Oxygen- Enriched System 5 General 5.1 Factors Recognized as Causing Fires 5.2  Temperature 5.2.1  Spontaneous Ignition 5.2.2  Pressure 5.2.3  Concentration 5.2.4  Contamination 5.2.5  Particle Impact 5.2.6  Heat of Compression 5.2.7  Friction and Galling 5.2.8  Resonance 5.2.9  Static Electric Discharge 5.2.10  Electrical Arc 5.2.11  Flow Friction 5.2.12  Mechanical Impact 5.2.13  Kindling Chain 5.2.14  Other Ignition Mechanisms 5.2.15Test Methods 6System Design Method 7 Overview 7.1 Final Design 7.2 Avoid Unnecessarily Elevated Temperatures 7.3 Avoid Unnecessarily Elevated Pressures 7.4 Design for System Cleanness 7.5 Avoid Particle Impacts 7.6 Minimize Heat of Compression 7.7 Avoid Friction and Galling 7.8 Avoid Corrosion 7.9 Avoid Resonance 7.10 Use Proven Hardware 7.11 Design to Manage Fires 7.12 Anticipate Indirect Oxygen Exposure 7.13 Minimize Available Fuel/Oxygen 7.14 Avoid Potentially Exothermic Material Combinations 7.15 Anticipate Common Failure Mechanism Consequences 7.16 Avoid High Surface-Area-to-Volume (S/V) Conditions  where Practical 7.17 Avoid Unnecessarily-Elevated Oxygen Concentrations 7.18 Anticipate Permutations from Intended System Design 7.19 Avoid Designs and Failure Scenarios that can Introduce  Potential Flow Friction Ignition Hazards 7.20 Use Only the Most Compatible of Practical Materials  and Designs 7.21 Provide Thorough Safety Training for All Personnel  Working with Oxygen or Oxygen-Enriched  Components or Systems, including Design,  Cleaning, Assembly, Operations, and  Maintenance as Applicable to Personnel 7.22 Miscellaneous 7.23Examples 8Key Words 9References  1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in selecting metals for oxygen service in order to minimize the probability of ignition and the risk of explosion or fire. It is intended for use in selecting materials for applications in connection with the production, storage, transportation, distribution, or use of oxygen. It is not intended as a specification for approving materials for oxygen service.1.1 This guide applies to metallic materials under consideration for oxygen or oxygen-enriched fluid service, direct or indirect, as defined in Section 3. It is concerned primarily with the properties of a metallic material associated with its relative susceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion. It does not involve mechanical properties, potential toxicity, outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system, functional reliability, or performance characteristics such as aging, shredding, or sloughing of particles, except when these might contribute to an ignition.1.2 This document applies only to metals; nonmetals are covered in Guide G63.NOTE 1: The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.NOTE 2: In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should be evaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significant increase in material combustibility.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Dissolved oxygen is required for the survival and growth of many aquatic organisms, including fish. The concentration of dissolved oxygen may also be associated with corrosivity and photosynthetic activity. The absence of oxygen may permit anaerobic decay of organic matter and the production of toxic and undesirable esthetic materials in the water.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved oxygen in water. Three test methods are given as follows:  Range, mg/L SectionsTest Method A—Titrimetric Procedure–High Level >1.0 8 – 15Test Method B—Instrumental Probe Procedure—Electrochemical 0.05 to 20 16 – 25Test Method C—Instrumental Probe Procedure—Luminescence-Based Sensor 0.05 to 20 26 – 311.2 The precision of Test Methods A and B was carried out using a saturated sample of reagent water. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statements, see 7.1 and Note 17.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method evaluates the relative sensitivity of materials to mechanical impact in ambient pressure liquid oxygen, pressurized liquid oxygen, and pressurized gaseous oxygen.5.2 Any change or variation in test sample configuration, thickness, preparation, or cleanliness may cause a significant change in impact sensitivity/reaction threshold.5.3 Suggested criteria for discontinuing the tests are: (1) occurrence of two reactions in a maximum of 60 samples or less tested at the maximum energy level of 98 J (72 ft•lbf) or one reaction in a maximum of 20 samples tested at any other energy level for a material that fails; (2) no reactions for 20 samples tested at the 98-J (72-ft•lbf) energy level; or (3) a maximum of one reaction in 60 samples tested at the maximum energy level.1.1 This test method2 describes test equipment and techniques to determine the impact sensitivity of materials in oxygen under two different conditions: (1) in ambient pressure liquid oxygen (LOX) or (2) under pressure-controlled conditions in LOX or gaseous oxygen (GOX). It is applicable to materials for use in LOX or GOX systems at pressures from ambient to 68.9 MPa (0 to 10 000 psig). The test method described herein addresses testing with pure oxygen environments; however, other oxygen-enriched fluids may be substituted throughout this document.1.2 This test method provides a means for ranking nonmetallic materials as defined in Guide G63 for use in liquid and gaseous oxygen systems and may not be directly applicable to the determination of the sensitivity of the materials in an end-use configuration. This test method may be used to provide batch-to batch acceptance data. This test method may provide a means for evaluating metallic materials in oxygen-enriched atmospheres also; however, Guide G94 should be consulted for preferred testing methods.1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 9.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method covers the determination of inorganic active oxygen in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides by titration of an acidified aqueous solution with a standard solution of potassium permanganate. Tests shall use reagent grade chemicals, reagent water, potassium permanganate standard solution, sodium oxalate, and sulfuric acid. Well mixed sample shall be titrated according to the procedure indicated in this standard method. Active oxygen weight percent shall be calculated using the given formula.1.1 This test method covers the determination of inorganic“ active oxygen” in bleaching compounds such as perborates, percarbonates, and peroxides but not in persulfates or monopersulfates.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Safety Data Sheets (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets) are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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This practice covers methods for judging the soundness of new and used oxygen combustion bombs, and describes the precautions to be observed in oxygen bomb combustion methods. This practice is applicable to all procedures in which samples are completely oxidized by combustion in a metal bomb containing oxygen under pressure. Hydrostatic test and proof test shall be performed. The following precautions shall be observed in all oxygen bomb combustion methods: sample weight; oxygen filling system; ignition system; and safety barricade.1.1 This practice covers methods for judging the soundness of new and used oxygen combustion vessels, and describes the precautions to be observed in oxygen combustion vessel methods.1.2 This practice is applicable to all procedures in which samples are completely oxidized by combustion in a metal vessel containing oxygen under pressure. Where there is conflict with specific precautions in individual ASTM methods, the latter shall take precedence.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for use in selecting materials for oxygen service in order to minimize the probability of ignition and the risk of explosion or fire. It is not intended as a specification for approving materials for oxygen service.1.1 This guide applies to nonmetallic materials, (hereinafter called materials) under consideration for oxygen or oxygen-enriched fluid service, direct or indirect, as defined below. It is intended for use in selecting materials for applications in connection with the production, storage, transportation, distribution, or use of oxygen. It is concerned primarily with the properties of a material associated with its relative susceptibility to ignition and propagation of combustion; it does not involve mechanical properties, potential toxicity, outgassing, reactions between various materials in the system, functional reliability, or performance characteristics such as physical aging, degradation, abrasion, hardening, or embrittlement, except when these might contribute to an ignition.1.2 When this document was originally published in 1980, it addressed both metals and nonmetals. Its scope has been narrowed to address only nonmetals and a separate standard Guide G94 has been developed to address metals.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.NOTE 2: In evaluating materials, any mixture with oxygen exceeding atmospheric concentration at pressures higher than atmospheric should be evaluated from the hazard point of view for possible significant increase in material combustibility.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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