Table of ContentsSection Title Section/Paragraph  1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Significance and Use 4Pole and Tree Climbers   Classification 5 Ordering Information 6 Pole and Tree Climbers 7 Climber Gaffs 8 Climber Straps 9 Climber Pads 10 Climber Footplates 11Body Belts, Positioning Devices and Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD)   Classification 12 Ordering Information 13 Two Dee Body Belts, Auxiliary Positioning Belts, and Four Dee Body Belts 14 Two Dee Body Belts 14.1 Auxiliary Positioning Belts and Four Dee Body Belts 14.2 Positioning Devices 15 Wood Pole Fall Restriction Device (WPFRD) 16 Arborist Saddle  17Harnesses   Classification 18 Ordering Information 18.2 Sizing 18.3 Marking 18.4Energy Absorbing Lanyards   Classification 19 Ordering Information 20 Energy Absorbing Lanyards 21Qualification Testing   After Exposure to an Electric Arc 22 Hardware Requirements 23 Test Equipment 24 Qualification Testing 25 Body Belts, Four Dee Body Belts, and Auxiliary Positioning Belts 25.1 Positioning Devices 25.2 WPFRD 25.3 Arborist Saddle 25.4 Harness 25.5 Energy Absorbers 25.6 Instructions 26 Guarantee and Rejection 27 Keywords 281.1 This standard covers the specifications and qualification testing of the following:Climbers,Climber straps,Climber Pads,Climber Footplates,Body Belts,Work Positioning Devices with Locking Snaphooks/Carabiners,Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD),Arborist Saddle,Harnesses,Energy Absorbing Lanyards.These devices are used by workers in the climbing of poles, trees, towers, and other structures. Minimum performance criteria for harnesses and energy absorbing lanyards in arresting a fall after exposure to electric arcs are included for workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs or flame.1.2 Equipment may fall within one of the following categories:1.2.1 Fall (Travel) Restraint—Prevents a user from reaching a fall hazard (allow 0 fall distance).1.2.2 Work Positioning—Allows a 2 ft maximum free fall distance.1.2.3 Fall Arrest—Allows a 6 ft maximum free fall distance with a maximum arrest force of 1800 lb.NOTE 1: Under certain conditions and with the use of equipment designed for such conditions, a 12-ft free-fall distance with a maximum arrest force of 1800 lb is allowed.1.2.4 Suspension—Allows 0 free-fall distance while supporting the user’s weight.1.2.5 Fall Restriction—to prevent or limit free fall from a work position or while ascending/descending a wood pole.1.3 Three types of climbers, (Types A, B, and C) and two types of climber straps, Types (A and B) are covered.1.4 Two types of body belts, (Types A and B) are covered.1.5 Eight types of work positioning devices: three positioning straps, (Types A, B, and C), three adjustable-positioning lanyards, (Types A, B and C) and two nonadjustable positioning lanyards, (Types A and B) are covered.1.6 Two types of WPFRD, (Types A and AB) are covered.1.7 Arborist saddle, (Type A) Work Positioning and Suspension are covered.1.8 Two types of harnesses, (Types A and B) are covered.1.9 Two types of energy absorbing lanyards, (Types A and B) are covered.1.10 The values stated in United States customary units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, 9.2, 10.3, 11.2, 14.1.4, 15.3, 15.4, 16.2, 17.2, 18.4, 21.2, 22, 23, and 25 of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification describes a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for wireless connectivity using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) services. This standard is based on and refers to IEEE Standards 802.11, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications, and 802.11a, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band, with permission from the IEEE society. This specification is meant to be an extension of IEEE 802.11 technology into the high-speed vehicle environment. The difference between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a operating parameters required to implement a mostly high-speed data transfer service in the 5.9-GHz Intelligent Transportation Systems Radio Service (ITS-RS) Band is explained. Potential operations within the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) Band are also addressed, as appropriate.1.1 This specification2 describes a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for wireless connectivity using dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) services. This standard is based on and refers to IEEE Standards 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications,” and 802.11a, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer Specifications High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band,” with permission from the IEEE Society. This specification is meant to be an extension of IEEE 802.11 technology into the high-speed vehicle environment. As presented here, this specification contains just enough information to explain the difference between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a operating parameters required to implement a mostly high-speed data transfer service in the 5.9-GHz Intelligent Transportation Systems Radio Service (ITS-RS) band. Potential operations within the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) band are also addressed, as appropriate.1.2 Purpose—The purpose of this specification is to provide wireless communications over short distances between information sources and transactions stations on the roadside and mobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portable units and mobile units. The communications generally occur over line-of-sight distances of less than 1000 m between roadside units and mostly high-speed, but occasionally stopped and slow-moving, vehicles or between high-speed vehicles. This specification also offers regulatory bodies a means of standardizing access to the 5.9-GHz frequency band for the purpose of interoperable communications to and between vehicles at line-of-sight distances on the roadway.1.3 Specifically, this specification accomplishes the following:1.3.1 Describes the functions and services required by a DSRC and IEEE 802.11-compliant device to operate in a high-speed mobile environment.1.3.2 Refers to IEEE 802.11 MAC procedures.1.3.3 Defines the 5.9-GHz DSRC signaling technique and interface functions that are controlled by the IEEE 802.11 MAC.1.3.4 Permits the operation of a DSRC-conformant device within a DSRC communications zone that may coexist with multiple overlapping DSRC communication zones.1.3.5 Describes the requirements and procedures to provide privacy of user information being transferred over the wireless medium and authentication of the DSRC or IEEE 802.11-conformant devices.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Continuous opacity monitors are required to be installed at many stationary sources of air pollution by federal, state, and local air pollution control agency regulations. EPA regulations regarding the design and performance of opacity monitoring systems for sources subject to “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources” are found in 40 CFR 60, Subpart A General Provisions, §60.13 Monitoring Provisions, Appendix B, Performance Specification 1, and in applicable source-specific subparts. Many states have adopted these or very similar requirements for opacity monitoring systems.5.2 Regulated industrial facilities are required to report continuous opacity monitoring data to control agencies on a periodic basis. The control agencies use the data as an indirect measure of particulate emission levels and as an indicator of the adequacy of process and control equipment operation and maintenance practices.5.3 EPA Performance Specification 1 provides minimum specifications for opacity monitors and requires source owners or operators of regulated facilities to demonstrate that their installed systems meet certain design and performance specifications. Performance Specification 1 adopts this ASTM practice by reference so that manufacturers can demonstrate conformance with certain design specifications by selecting and testing representative instruments.5.4 Experience demonstrated that EPA Performance Specification 1 prior to the Aug. 10, 2000 revisions did not address all of the important design and performance parameters for opacity monitoring systems. The additional design and performance specifications included in this practice are needed to eliminate many of the performance problems that were previously encountered. This practice also provides purchasers and vendors flexibility, by designing the test procedures for basic transmissometer components or opacity monitors, or in certain cases, complete opacity monitoring systems. However, the specifications and test procedures are also sufficiently detailed to support the manufacturer’s certification and to facilitate independent third party evaluations of the procedures used.5.5 Purchasers of opacity monitoring equipment meeting all of the requirements of this practice are assured that the opacity monitoring equipment meets all of the applicable requirements of EPA Performance Specification 1 for which the manufacturer can certify conformance. Purchasers can rely on the manufacturer’s published operating range specifications for ambient temperature and supply voltage. These purchasers are also assured that the specific instrument has been tested at the point of manufacture and demonstrated to meet the manufacturer’s performance specifications for instrument response time, calibration error (based on pathlength measurements provided by the end user), optical alignment, and the spectral response performance check requirement. Conformance with the requirements of this practice ensures conformance with all of the requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 1 except those requirements for which tests are required after installation.5.6 The original manufacturer, or those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of opacity monitors can use this practice to demonstrate that the equipment components or opacity monitoring systems provided meet, or exceed, or both, appropriate design and performance specifications.5.7 The applicable test procedures and specifications of this practice are selected to address the equipment and activities that are within the control of the manufacturer; they do not mandate testing of the opacity system data recording equipment or reporting.5.8 This practice also may serve as the basis for third party independent audits of the certification procedures used by manufacturers of opacity monitoring equipment.5.9 This practice does not address ongoing quality assurance procedures which are needed to maintain correct operation during the lifetime of the opacity monitor.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for certifying continuous opacity monitors. In the main part of this practice, it includes design and performance specifications, test procedures, and quality assurance requirements to ensure that continuous opacity monitors meet minimum design and calibration requirements, necessary in part, for accurate opacity monitoring measurements in regulatory environmental opacity monitoring applications subject to 10 % or higher opacity standards. In Annex A1, additional or alternative specifications are provided for certifying opacity monitors intended for use in applications where the opacity standard is less than 10 %, or where the user expects the opacity to be less than 10 % and elects to use the more restrictive criteria in Annex A1. In both cases, the error budgets for the opacity measurements are given in Appendix X1.1.2 This practice applies specifically to the original manufacturer, or to those involved in the repair, remanufacture, or resale of opacity monitors.1.3 Test procedures that specifically apply to the various equipment configurations of component equipment that comprise either a transmissometer, an opacity monitor, or complete opacity monitoring system are detailed in this practice.1.4 The specifications and test procedures contained in the main part of this practice have been adopted by reference by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). For each opacity monitor or monitoring system that the manufacturer demonstrates conformance to this practice, the manufacturer may issue a certificate that states that opacity monitor or monitoring system conforms with all of the applicable design and performance requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 1 except those for which tests are required after installation.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Spinal implant constructs are typically a compilation of several components. Screws, plates, and rods are integral components of many spinal implant constructs. These components are designed to transfer load between the bone and the longitudinal or transverse element, or both. These specifications and test methods identify specifications for such components and define standard equivalent test methods that can be used when evaluating different related component designs.4.2 Since the loading of spinal components in-vivo may differ from the loading configurations addressed in these specifications and test methods, the results obtained from this document may not predict in-vivo performance of either the components or the construct as a whole. Such tests can, however, be used to compare different component designs in terms of relevant mechanical performance characteristics.4.3 The performance-related mechanical characteristics determined by these specifications and test methods will supply the user with information that may be used to predict the mechanical performance of different design variations of similar (function and indication) spinal construct components.AbstractThese specifications and test methods provide standard specifications that specify material, labeling, and handling requirements for components used in surgical fixation of the spinal skeletal system such as metallic spinal screws, spinal plates, and spinal rods. The specifications and test methods establish (1) common terminology that can be used to describe the size and other physical characteristics of spinal components and performance definitions related to the performance of spinal components, and (2) performance requirements and standard test methods to consistently measure performance-related mechanical characteristics of spinal components. It is not the intention of these specifications and test methods to define levels of performance or case-specific clinical performance for spinal components and to describe or specify specific designs for the individual components. For these specifications and test methods may not be appropriate for all types of spinal surgical fixation systems, the appropriateness of these specifications in view of the particular implant system and its potential application shall be considered. The test methods include static and fatigue bending strength tests. Requirements for marking and packaging are specified as well.1.1 These specifications and test methods are intended to provide a comprehensive reference for the components of systems used in the surgical fixation of the spinal skeletal system. The document catalogs standard specifications that specify material, labeling, and handling requirements. The specifications and test methods also establish common terminology that can be used to describe the size and other physical characteristics of spinal components and performance definitions related to the performance of spinal components. Additionally, the specifications and test methods establish performance requirements and standard test methods to consistently measure performance-related mechanical characteristics of spinal components.1.2 These specifications and test methods are part of a series of standards addressing systems used in the surgical fixation of the spinal skeletal system. These specifications and test methods concentrate on the individual components, which are found in many spinal fixation systems. If the user is interested in evaluating the next level in the spinal fixation system chain, the interconnections between individual components and subassemblies (two or more components), the user should consult Guide F1798. At the highest level in this chain is Test Methods F1717, which is used to evaluate an entire construct assembled from many components and involves numerous interconnections and several subassemblies.1.3 It is not the intention of these specifications and test methods to define levels of performance or case-specific clinical performance for spinal components addressed by this document. Insufficient knowledge to predict the consequences of using any of these components in individual patients for specific activities of daily living is available. Furthermore, it is not the intention of this document to describe or specify specific designs for the individual components of systems used in the surgical internal fixation of the spinal skeletal system.1.4 These specifications and test methods may not be appropriate for all types of spinal surgical fixation systems. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of this document in view of the particular implant system and its potential application.1.5 This document includes the following specifications and test methods that are used in determining the spinal component's mechanical performance characteristics:1.5.1 Specification for Metallic Spinal Screws—Annex A1.1.5.2 Specification for Metallic Spinal Plates—Annex A2.1.5.3 Specification for Metallic Spinal Rods—Annex A3.1.5.4 Test Method for Measuring the Static and Fatigue Bending Strength of Metallic Spinal Screws—Annex A4.1.6 Unless otherwise indicated, the values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification provides the recommended criteria for specifying the construction of barrier systems for restricting access or ensuring human confinement, with the capability of defeating or seriously resisting any breaching attempts.1.2 No recommendation is made or implied as to the merits of the product of any particular manufacturer. Choice of product components selection for the barrier system should be made by the writers of the project based on their own perception of the merits of products for this application.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.

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This guide defines the criteria for composition, properties, and other requirements for miniature brushes of composite materials containing a matrix of one or more conducting metallic elements or alloys and one or more lubricating lamellar solids intended for sliding electric contacts. Each constituent of the material should be listed individually by weight percent including tolerances using any analytical technique while the apparent density for the material should be defined using the measurement and weight method. The resistivity; Rockwell superficial hardness, transverse strength, and shear strength; and microstructural properties such as cracks and defects should also be defined and should conform to the required electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of the brush materials.1.1 This guide defines the criteria for composition, properties, and other requirements for brushes containing a matrix of one or more conducting metallic elements or alloys and one or more lubricating lamellar solids.1.2 The resulting specification is intended for use where the size (for example, 5 mm by 3 mm by 2 mm), shape, or other factors preclude the determination of properties on specimens of the bulk material from which individual brushes are made.1.3 The requirements recommended herein have been found to be desirable for most brush material composites. Care must be taken in preparing a specification for a pre-existing material that imposition of one or more provisions herein does not alter the material or its performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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