Unmanned aircraft present unique challenges for applicants and examiners. Unlike manned aircraft, in which, regardless of the size and complexity of the aircraft, there are still basic similarities in concepts and operations, unmanned aircraft are varied in both flight capability and pilot interaction. Many aspects of unmanned aircraft operations are automated, and the pilots may not have the same information available to them (that is, pitch and bank) that pilots flying manned aircraft have available to them. This will create a situation in which some unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) will not be capable of meeting all the requirements of this practice or will not require the same skill sets that manned aircraft require.The examiner will have to decide which tasks the applicant's UAS will be capable of completing and test those tasks. As required, the examiner will note any limitations as a result of the UAS being incapable of performing a task on the applicant's certificate per 14 CFR 61.45(b)(2). If the applicant desires to have a certificate with no restrictions or limitations, he/she will need to use a UAS that is capable of completing all the tasks in this practice.Information considered directive in nature is described in this practice by the use of “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms such as “should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive but not mandatory. A list of acronyms is in Section 3.This practice includes the areas of operation and tasks that will demonstrate the pilot's ability to fly the unmanned aircraft safely and proficiently.1.1 This practice defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of unmanned aircraft pilots to be able to fly unmanned aircraft—single-engine land (SEL) in the national airspace system safely and for hire.1.2 The commercial unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) pilot practical test standards (PTS)-unmanned aircraft include the areas of operation and tasks that will demonstrate the pilot's ability to fly the unmanned aircraft safely and proficiently.1.3 This practice does not apply to pilots who will fly mini/small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for hire within visual range of the pilot, mini/small UAVs being those UAVs listed as lightly regulated.1.4 This practice provides a PTS intended to meet the Civil Aviation Authority’s (CAA) requirements for issuing commercial UAS pilot authorizations.1.5 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The scope of the Committee F24 is the development of standard methods of testing, performance specifications, definitions, standard methods of maintenance and operations, and best practices for amusement rides and devices. The work of this Committee F24 will be coordinated with other ASTM Committees and other societies and organizations having mutual interest.4.2 The intent of this standard guide is to serve as an overview for F24 standards and to outline processes and procedures to manage the lifecycle of an amusement ride or device. Persons looking for more details on an individual type of amusement ride or device should reference the specific standards available. See Appendix X1.1.1 This guide provides an overview of the appropriate F24 standard(s) to be applied during development and operation and use phases of an amusement ride or device.1.2 This guide sets forth procedures for owners, operators, designers, engineers, manufacturers, vendors, and suppliers to apply throughout the lifecycle of an amusement ride or device.1.3 This guide sets forth procedures for assessing and managing the end of operational life for an amusement ride or device, sub-system or component.1.4 This guide includes an appendix, which provides additional information to improve the understanding and application of the criteria presented in this standard guide.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of cresylic acids. The material under test is compared to arbitrary color standards that are expressed in terms of the "C" series color standards.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method for purposes of determining conformance with this standard. An observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right hand digit used in expressing limit, in accordance with the rounding off method of Practice E29.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

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4.1 Conformable Eddy Current Sensors—Conformable, eddy current sensors can be used on both flat and curved surfaces, including fillets, cylindrical surfaces, etc. When used with models for predicting the sensor response and appropriate algorithms, these sensors can measure variations in physical properties, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability, or both, as well as thickness of conductive coatings on any substrate and nonconductive coatings on conductive substrates or on a conducting coating. These property variations can be used to detect and characterize heterogeneous regions within the conductive coatings, for example, regions of locally higher porosity.4.2 Sensors and Sensor Arrays—Depending on the application, either a single-sensing element sensor or a sensor array can be used for coating characterization. A sensor array provides a better capability to map spatial variations in coating thickness or conductivity, or both (reflecting, for example, porosity variations), and provides better throughput for scanning large areas. The size of the sensor footprint and the size and number of sensing elements within an array depend on the application requirements and constraints, and the nonconductive (for example, ceramic) coating thickness.4.3 Coating Thickness Range—The conductive coating thickness range over which a sensor performs best depends on the difference between the electrical conductivity of the substrate and conductive coating and available frequency range. For example, a specific sensor geometry with a specific frequency range for impedance measurements may provide acceptable performance for an MCrAlY coating over a nickel-alloy substrate for a relatively wide range of conductive coating thickness, for example, from 75 to 400 μm (0.003 to 0.016 in.). Yet, for another conductive coating-substrate combination, this range may be 10 to 100 μm (0.0004 to 0.004 in.). The coating characterization performance may also depend on the thickness of a nonconductive topcoat. For any coating system, performance verification on representative coated specimens is critical to establishing the range of optimum performance. For nonconductive coatings, such as ceramic coatings, the thickness measurement range increases with an increase of the spatial wavelength of the sensor (for example, thicker coatings can be measured with larger sensor winding spatial wavelength). For nonconductive coatings, when roughness of the coating may have a significant effect on the thickness measurement, independent measurements of the nonconductive coating roughness, for example, by profilometry, may provide a correction for the roughness effects.4.4 Process-Affected Zone—For some processes, for example, shot peening, the process-affected zone can be represented by an effective layer thickness and conductivity. These values can in turn be used to assess process quality. A strong correlation must be demonstrated between these “effective coating” properties and process quality.4.5 Three-Unknown Algorithm—Use of multiple-frequency impedance measurements and a three-unknown algorithm permits independent determination of three unknowns: (1) thickness of conductive nonmagnetic coatings, (2) conductivity of conductive nonmagnetic coatings, and (3) lift-off that provides a measure of the nonconductive coating thickness.4.6 Accuracy—Depending on the material properties and frequency range, there is an optimal measurement performance range for each coating system. The instrument, its air standardization or reference substrate standardization, or both, and its operation permit the coating thickness to be determined within ±15 % of its true thickness for coating thickness within the optimal range and within ±30 % outside the optimal range. Better performance may be required for some applications.4.7 Databases for Sensor Response—Databases of sensor responses may be used to represent the model response for the sensor. These databases may be based upon physical models or empirical relations. The databases list expected sensor responses (for example, the real and imaginary parts or the magnitude and phase of the complex transimpedance between the sense element and drive winding) over relevant ranges in the properties of interest. Example properties for a coated substrate material are the magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity of the substrate, or both, the electrical conductivity and thickness of the coating, and the lift-off. The ranges of the property values within the databases should span the expected property ranges for the material system to be examined.1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (μ ≠ μ0) or nonmagnetic (μ = μ0) substrates. In addition to discrete coatings on substrates, this practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys) and to assess the condition of other layered media such as joints (for example, lap joints and skin panels over structural supports). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy current sensors are covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following test methods issued by ASTM: B244 and E1004. Guidance for the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays is provided in Guide E2884.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The reactivity and instability of O3 precludes the storage of O3 concentration standards for any practical length of time, and precludes direct certification of O3 concentrations as SRM's. Moreover, there is no available SRM that can be readily and directly adapted to the generation of O3 standards analogous to permeation devices and standard gas cylinders for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Dynamic generation of O3 concentrations is relatively easy with a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, accurately certifying an O3 concentration as a primary standard requires assay of the concentration by a comprehensively specified analytical procedure, which must be performed every time a standard is needed.5.2 The primary UV standard photometers, which are usually used at a fixed location under controlled conditions, are used to certify transfer standards that are then transported to the field sites where the ambient ozone monitors are being used. See Practice D5110.5.3 The advantages of this procedure are:5.3.1 All O3 monitors in a given network or region may be traced to a single primary standard.5.3.2 The primary standard is used at only one location, under controlled conditions.5.3.3 Transfer standards are more rugged and more easily portable than primary standards.5.3.4 Transfer standards may be used to intercompare various primary standards.1.1 These practices describe means for calibrating ambient, workplace or indoor ozone monitors, using transfer standards.1.2 These practices describe five types of transfer standards:Practice A—Analytical instruments,Practice B—Boric acid potassium iodide (BAKI) manual analytical procedure,Practice C—Gas phase titration with excess nitric oxide,Practice D—Gas phase titration with excess ozone, andPractice E—Ozone generator device.1.3 These practices describe procedures to establish the authority of transfer standards: qualification, certification, and periodic recertification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8 for specific precautionary statements.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The appearance of the various degrees of dry and wet abrasive blast cleaning, hand and power tool cleaning, and water jetting are influenced by the initial rust grades of the steel being cleaned and/or the type and condition of the coating on the existing steel. The standards and guides aid visually in judging and evaluating the degree of rusting and/or paint deterioration before cleaning and the degree of cleaning of steel surfaces prior to painting.4.2 Five methods have evolved because of differences in the practice of using visual standards and guides throughout the world, and the method of surface preparation employed. In Europe, the visual standards (Method A) are used as the primary means of assessing the degree of cleaning. In the U.S., the SSPC written definitions take precedence with the visual guides and reference photographs used as a supplement. The visual guides and reference photographs of Methods B, C, and D conform to the SSPC written definitions. There are written definitions for Method E, however, the visual guide for Method E does not contain a complete set of pictorials corresponding to each surface cleanliness definition.1.1 The visual surface preparation guides and standards consist of a series of color prints available as separate publications. Five different sets of photographs are described in this standard, designated as Method A (ISO/Swedish Standard2) and Methods B through E (SSPC Guides and Reference Photographs3). The methods differ in the depiction of the initial surface, in the definition and depiction of the cleaning conditions, and in the number of cleaning methods included. Because of these differences, the specifier should state which guide to use.1.2 The colored visual surface preparation guides represent different conditions of hot-rolled carbon steel before and after surface preparation. Prior to cleaning, there are four rust grades, A to D, that cover the range from intact mill scale to 100 % rusted and pitted steel. The standards then depict the appearance of the initial conditions after cleaning by one or more methods (for example, dry abrasive blast cleaning) to various degrees of thoroughness. In addition, Method B includes three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide3 depicts these conditions after various degrees of dry abrasive blast cleaning. Method C includes four rust grades and three painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide4 depicts these conditions after various degrees of hand and power tool cleaning. Method D includes two rust grades and four painted conditions that contain various degrees of deterioration. The Guide5 depicts these conditions after various degrees of water jetting, with three levels of flash rusting. Method E includes two rust grades. The Guide6 depicts these conditions after various degrees of wet abrasive blast cleaning, with three levels of flash rusting.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Tests are conducted using standard test methods to generate test data that are used to make decisions for commercial, technical, and scientific purposes. It follows that the precision of a particular test method is an important quality characteristic or figure of merit for a test method and a decision process.4.2 An evaluation of the precision of a test method is normally conducted with (1) some selected group of materials as typically used with that method and (2) with a group of volunteer laboratories that have experience with the test method. The evaluation represents an event in time for the test method for these materials and laboratories. Another ITP precision evaluation with somewhat different materials or even with the same materials with the same laboratories at a different time, may generate precision results that differ from the initial ITP.4.3 Experience as indicated in Refs (1-4)4 and elsewhere has shown that the poor reproducibility among the laboratories of a typical ITP is almost always due to interlaboratory bias. Certain laboratories are always low or high compared to a reference as well as other laboratories in all tests. This usual outcome for many ITPs is addressed in this practice by the use of the three-step robust analysis procedures as described in Section 7.4.4 Caution is urged in applying precision results of a particular test method to product testing for consumer-producer product acceptance. Product acceptance procedures should be developed on the basis of precision data obtained in special programs that are specific to the commercial products and to the laboratories of the interested parties for this type of testing.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for evaluating precision and serves as the governing practice for interlaboratory test programs (ITP) used to evaluate precision for test methods as used in the rubber manufacturing and the carbon black industries. This practice uses the basic one way analysis of variance calculation algorithms of Practice E691. Although bias is not evaluated in this practice, it is an essential concept in understanding precision evaluation.1.2 This practice applies to test methods that have test results expressed in terms of a quantitative continuous variable. Although exceptions may occur, it is in general limited to test methods that are fully developed and in routine use in a number of laboratories.1.3 Two precision evaluation methods are given that are described as robust statistical procedures that attempt to eliminate or substantially decrease the influence of outliers. The first is a General Precision procedure intended for all test methods in the rubber manufacturing industry, and the second is a specific variation of the general precision procedure designated as Special Precision, that applies to carbon black testing. Both of these procedures use the same uniform level experimental design and the Mandel h and k statistics to review the precision database for potential outliers. However, they use slight modifications in the procedure for rejecting incompatible data values as outliers. The Special Precision procedure is specific as to the number of replicates per database cell or material-laboratory combination.1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections:  Section  1Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3  4Precision Evaluation—General Precision and Special Precision  5Steps in Organizing an Interlaboratory Test Program (ITP)  6Overview of the General Precision Analysis Procedure  7General Precision: Analysis Step 1  8 Preliminary Graphical Data Review  8.1 Calculation of Precision for Original Database  8.2 Detection of Outliers at 5 % Significance Level Using h and k Statistics  8.3 Generation of Revision 1 Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2  8.4General Precision: Analysis Step 2  9 Calculation of Precision for Revision 1 Database  9.1 Detection of Outliers at 2 % Significance Level Using h and k Statistics  9.1 Generation of Revision 2 Database Using Outlier Treatment Option 1 or 2  9.1.2General Precision: Analysis Step 3  10 Calculation of Precision Using Revision 2 Database  10.1Special Precision Analysis—Carbon Black Testing  11Format for Precision Table and Clause in Test Method Standards  12Preparation of Report for Precision Analysis  13Definitions for Selected Terms Concerned with Precision and Testing Annex A1Statistical Model for Interlaboratory Testing Programs Annex A2Calculating the h and k Consistency Statistics for Outliers Annex A3Spreadsheet Calculation Formulas, Table Layout, and Calculation Sequence Annex A4Procedure for Calculating Replacement Values of Deleted Outliers Annex A5Example of General Precision Evaluation—Mooney Viscosity Testing Annex A61.5 Six annexes are presented; these serve as supplements to the main body of this practice. Annex A1 and Annex A2 are given mainly as background information that is important for a full understanding of precision evaluation. Annex A3 – Annex A5 contain detailed instructions and procedures needed to perform the operations as called for in various parts of the practice. The use of these annexes in this capacity avoids long sections of involved instruction in the main body of this practice. This allows for a better presentation and understanding of the central concepts involved in the evaluation of precision. Annex A6 is also important; it gives a complete example of precision evaluation that illustrates all of the procedures and options likely to be encountered in any precision evaluation, from the simple to the most complex.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 High quality physical product standards for color or appearance are the keystone of a successful color control program. Standards are often grouped into three major categories: product standards, intermediate production control standards, and instrument standards. This guide deals only with physical product standards. Some instrument-based color control programs use “numerical standards,” derived from instrumental measurements of a physical product standard.AbstractThis guide covers three levels of physical product standards (preparation, maintenance, and distribution) for color or geometric appearance, or both, of coatings commonly used in the coatings industry. Described here is terminology to describe each level, and techniques for generating and caring for standards. Product standards are the only standards by which products should be accepted or rejected for color or appearance. A master standard is generated from the concept color submitted by the customer. Duplicate master standards, when needed, are generated from the master standard. Working standards are generated from a duplicate master standard. They are used in the laboratory or on the production line to accept or reject the color or appearance of coatings. After initial generation, product standards must be maintained to ensure they remain valid. This guide considers the characteristics of product standards, factors to be considered in their creation, and factors to be considered in their replacement.1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in the coatings industry, provides terminology to describe each level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for standards.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The terminology in this document is applicable to the standards and guides published by ASTM Committee F32.3.2 The definitions provided in this terminology standard shall be used when interpreting the meaning, purpose or applicability of a guide, standard, or a specific subsection therein.1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of definitions of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms used in F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides, collected in order to provide consistency in communications when used in writing and interpreting the Committee’s documents.

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1 Scope O112.0-1.1 This Standard contains certain standard test procedures and general requirements relating to the evaluation of wood adhesives in conformance with the O112-M Series of CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives. This Standard does not include

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4.1 This guide is intended for the use of architects, engineers, office managers, and others interested in designing, specifying, or operating office environments.4.2 It is not intended to be applied to other environments, for example, open plan schools.4.3 While this guide attempts to clarify the many interacting variables that influence acoustical performance, it is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. Competent technical advice should be sought for success in the design of offices, including comparisons of test results carried out according to ASTM standards.1.1 This guide discusses the principles and interactions that affect the acoustical performance of open and closed offices. It describes the application and use of the relevant series of ASTM standards.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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