3.1 Most coating specifications specify the thickness of the coating because coating thickness is often an important factor in the performance of the coating in service.3.2 The methods included in this guide are suitable for acceptance testing and are to be found in ASTM standards.3.3 Each method has its own limitations with respect to the kind of coating and its thickness.1.1 This guide covers the methods for measuring the thickness of many metallic and inorganic coatings including electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, vacuum deposited, anodic oxide, and chemical conversion coatings.1.2 This guide is limited to tests considered in ASTM standards and does not cover certain tests that are employed for special applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is designed for the routine measurement of the thickness of leather units as a means of production control and determining conformance to specifications. It utilizes a secondary type of gage that is capable of rapid measurement.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of units of all types of leather. It is not suitable for measuring the thickness of test specimens.1.2 The thickness of leather units may be reported in millimetres, ounces, or irons. Ounces are generally used when referring to the thickness of shoe upper leather. Irons are generally used when referring to the thickness of sole leather. (One ounce equals 1/64 in. or 0.0156 in. or 0.396 mm. One iron equals 1/48 in. or 0.0208 in. or 0.53 mm.)1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Estimations of oil slick thickness are useful for:3.1.1 Estimating amount (volume) of oil in an area,3.1.2 Positioning oil spill countermeasures in optimal locations,3.1.3 Evaluating a spill situation,3.1.4 Estimating volume for legal or prosecution purposes, such as for an illegal discharge, and3.1.5 Developing spill control strategies.3.2 This guide is only applicable to thin sheens (sheen and rainbow sheen up to about 3 μm). Thick oil and water-in-oil emulsions do not show visual differences with respect to thickness (1, 2).31.1 This guide provides information and criteria for estimating the thickness of oil on water using only visual clues.1.2 This guide applies to oil-on-water and does not pertain to oil on land or other surfaces.1.3 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water conditions.1.4 The thickness values obtained using this guide are at best estimates because the appearance of oil on water may be affected by a number of factors including oil type, sea state, visibility conditions, view angle, and weather.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

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5.1 This test method covers the indirect measurement of the pavement thickness to provide a rapid, nondestructive result. The method is used to determine the compliance of asphalt or concrete pavement construction with the thickness specifications. The nondestructive thickness results for concrete pavements have shown excellent correlation (R2 values of 99.7 %) with direct measurement of pavement thickness using AASHTO T 148 and Test Method C174/C174M.5.2 Measurement results from MPI devices are unaffected by concrete or asphalt material composition, including the use of slag or other metallic aggregates, material temperature, or moisture content, thus allowing installers a quality control process that provides results that can be used in controlling the paving operation. In addition, quantitative results are produced to document as-built thicknesses.5.3 Infrastructure owners use the same device to perform quality assurance activities and to accept installed facilities. Its accuracy and repeatability allow the reduction or elimination of coring requirements related to pavement thickness determination.1.1 This test method covers the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation of the results for the pavement thickness measurements produced by a magnetic pulse induction (MPI) device. Magnetic pulse induction devices induce a weak-pulsed magnetic field that causes the induction of eddy currents in metal objects disturbing the field. In order to measure pavement thickness with an MPI device, a pre-placed metal reflector is required. When the metal reflector enters into the field, an electrical signal is produced and processed through algorithms to detect and produce quantitative values for pavement thickness.1.2 This test method also provides the details including configuration and metallurgy required to purchase and install reflectors to produce accurate and repeatable results.1.3 This method is intended for use with plain-jointed concrete pavements, asphalt pavements, base courses with cement binders, and unbound aggregate layers. It is not applicable for continuously reinforced, mesh-reinforced, or fiber-reinforced pavement where the metal reinforcement would interfere with the magnetic field.1.4 MPI equipment includes a device that induces the magnetic field and collects the electrical signal. The signal information is collected and processed into pavement thicknesses through algorithms programmed into the device firmware.1.5 MPI field procedures describe the steps and processes required to collect reliable, repeatable, and accurate results from the MPI device. Critical to the accuracy are the metallurgy and configuration of the metal reflectors pre-placed prior to installation of the asphalt or concrete pavement. Also, the absence of any metallic object near the reflector is required to avoid influencing the test result.1.6 MPI results require little interpretation when the correct reflector calibration is selected and used during the field test.1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring a thickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness can be critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process, product, and material performance.4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measurement is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attention should be given to the inherent variability of materials being measured as this can affect measurement outcome.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of flexible packaging materials using contact micrometers.1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test method was developed using both handheld and bench top micrometers with foot sizes ranging from 4.8 mm to 15.9 mm (3/16 in. to 5/8 in.).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This guide is intended to provide recommendations and suggested good practices to determine precise dimensions when necessary for the calculation of properties expressed in physical units. It is not intended to replace practical thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools, nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by the procedures will agree exactly.1.1 This guide covers the determination of the thickness of plastic films where the thickness is used directly in determining the results of tests for various properties. Use this practice except as otherwise required in material specifications or in applicable test standards.NOTE 1: Film is defined in Terminology D883 as an optional term for sheeting having a nominal thickness no greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).NOTE 2: Alternative methods are acceptable if they meet the requirements of measurement precision as noted in this guide.NOTE 3: This guide is not intended to address the sampling techniques or the measurement of film thickness for the commercial classification of commercial products or for quality control purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4: This standard and ISO 4593 address the same subject matter but differ in technical content.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method shall be used where precise dimensions are necessary for calculation of properties expressed in physical units. It is not intended to replace practical thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools, nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by the two procedures will agree exactly.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of leather test specimens in which the dimensions of the specimens are used directly in determining the results of tests for physical properties. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车