5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes consistent with the end use conditions, including the effects of the UV portion of sunlight, moisture, and heat. Typically, these exposures would include moisture in the form of condensing humidity. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. (Warning—Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices.)5.2 This practice provides general procedures for operating fluorescent UV lamp weathering devices that allow for a wide range of exposure conditions. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with Section 10.5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. Generally, two controls are recommended: one known to have poor durability and one known to have good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results.5.2.2 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless reproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested.5.2.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unless correlation has been established among devices for the material to be tested (see Guide D6631 for guidance).1.1 This practice is limited to the basic principles for operating a fluorescent UV lamp and water apparatus; on its own, it does not deliver a specific result.1.2 It is intended to be used in conjunction with a practice or method that defines specific exposure conditions for an application along with a means to evaluate changes in material properties. This practice is intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual usage. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure.NOTE 1: Practice G151 describes general procedures to be used when exposing nonmetallic materials in accelerated test devices that use laboratory light sources.NOTE 2: A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested.1.3 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UV light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of fluorescent UV lamp sources are described.NOTE 3: In this standard, the terms UV light and UV radiation are used interchangeably.1.4 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1.NOTE 4: General information about methods for determining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in ISO 4582 and Practice D5870.1.5 This practice is not intended for corrosion testing of bare metals.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard is technically similar to ISO 4892-3 and ISO 16474-3.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist degradation of its physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be important for many applications. This practice describes artificial accelerated weathering methods designed to reproduce property changes associated with exposure to sunlight, moisture, and heat in end-use conditions. The weathering methods referenced in this practice do not simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 Cautions—Variation in results may be expected when different operating conditions are used. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared according to Section 10 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained according to this practice.NOTE 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral irradiance of light from fluorescent UV lamps is significantly different from that produced in light and water exposure devices using other light sources. The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankings produced in exposures to fluorescent UV lamps can be much different from those produced by exposures to other types of laboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all laboratories use the same design of apparatus, lamp, and exposure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control material.6,7 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Repeatability and reproducibility of test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment according to Practice G154. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of the room in which the device operates, temperature control, and condition and age of the lamps.4.5 All references to artificial accelerated weathering in accordance with this practice shall include a complete description of the test cycle and equipment used.1.1 This practice describes artificial accelerated weathering methods for testing the durability of coatings and related products using fluorescent UV lamps and water apparatus operated in accordance with Practices G151 and G154.1.2 This practice also makes recommendations for preparation of test specimens, exposure duration, and the evaluation of test results.NOTE 1: ISO 16474-3 also describes fluorescent UV lamp and water apparatus for artificial accelerated weathering of paints and coatings.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

This test method establishes the apparatuses required, the standard procedures, and associated calculations involved in the determination of relatively polar nonvolatile ultraviolet (UV) absorbing extractable components that may migrate from microwave susceptor packaging into food simulants, such as corn oil and Miglyol 812. This test method has been collaboratively studied using bilaminate susceptors constructed of paperboard, adhesive, and a layer of polyethylene terephthalate polymer (PETE) susceptor.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonpolar and relatively polar ultraviolet (UV) absorbing components that may migrate from microwave susceptor packaging into food simulants, such as corn oil and Miglyol 812.1.2 This test method has been collaboratively studied using bilaminate susceptors constructed of paperboard, adhesive, and a layer of polyethylene terephthalate polymer (PETE) susceptor. Adhesive and PETE related compounds were quantitated using this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 4.3.2.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Products exposed outdoors degrade due to primarily three stress factors: sunlight, temperature and moisture. The rate of property change is a function of time and stressors’ intensity.5.2 Whereas the UV irradiance calculated in this practice is independent of material, it is especially relevant to polymeric materials exposed outdoors as the combined action of UV radiation and oxygen is often the dominant factor leading to their degradation. Therefore, estimating UV irradiance is an important parameter to assess the service life of products.5.3 UV radiant dosage is often more important to determine in the correlation with the amount of degradation than total solar radiant dosage or duration of time. The comparison of UV radiant dosage from one location to another may be used to normalize degradation results.5.4 Measured UV irradiance data are scarce compared to total solar irradiance data. Many locations that monitor solar resource data only collect data for total solar radiation. This practice allows the user to estimate the amount of UV irradiance from the amount of total solar irradiance for any site.1.1 This practice describes methods to estimate the total solar ultraviolet irradiance on a horizontal surface as a function of Air Mass and geographic location.1.2 This practice provides a mathematical model for calculating Global Horizontal Ultraviolet irradiance (GHUV) from Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) data for a specific location.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associated with the end-use conditions, including the effects of the UV portion of sunlight, moisture, and heat. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.NOTE 3: Refer to Practice G151 for cautionary guidance applicable to laboratory weathering devices.5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this method.5.3 Test data for one thickness of a geomembrane cannot be used as data for other thickness geomembranes made with the same formula (polymer, pigment, and stabilizers) since the degradation is thickness related.NOTE 4: It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test material to provide a standard for comparative purposes. When control material is used in the test program, it is recommended only one coupon be used for each UV exposure period to allow for OIT testing.1.1 This standard covers the specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for exposure of unreinforced polyolefin geomembranes to fluorescent UV radiation and condensation.NOTE 1: Polyolefin geomembranes include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), flexible polyproplyene (fPP), etc.1.2 Test specimens are exposed to fluorescent UVA-340 lamps under controlled environmental conditions. UVA-340 lamps are standard for this method.NOTE 2: Other types of fluorescent UV lamps, such as UVB-313, can also be used based upon discussion between involved parties. However, if the test is run with another type of fluorescent UV lamp, such as UVB-313, this should be considered as a deviation from the standard and clearly stated in the test report. UVB-313 and UVA-340 fluorescent lamps generate different amounts of radiant power in different wavelength ranges; thus, the photochemical effects caused by these different lamps may vary.1.3 This method covers the conditions under which the exposure is to be performed and the test methods for evaluating the effects of fluorescent UV, heat, and moisture in the form of condensation on geomembranes. General guidance is given in Practices G151 and G154.1.4 The values listed in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 This weathering apparatus is used for comparing the weathering characteristics of bituminous materials against a control material for which the outdoor weathering characteristics are known. It is not possible to establish a precise correlation between accelerated and natural weathering because (1) there are geographical climatic variations, local weather variations, and variations in local pollutants, and (2) the relation between accelerated and natural weathering is material dependent. Acceleration factors differ between materials as well as between formulations of the same material. Guide G141 provides guidance regarding this issue.NOTE 1: This practice can be used for other than bituminous materials, but the significance and use have not been evaluated.1.1 This practice describes test conditions and procedures for fluorescent UV and condensation exposures conducted according to Practices G151 and G154 for bituminous roofing and waterproofing materials. (See Terminology G113.)1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 Ion chromatography provides for both qualitative and quantitative determination of common anions, F −, NO2−, hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO4–2), Br −, NO3–, and SO4–2, in the milligram per litre range from a single analytical operation requiring only a few millilitres of sample for analysis.5.2 Anion combinations such as chloride/bromide (Cl − /Br −) and nitrite/nitrate (NO2− /NO3–), which may be difficult to distinguish by other analytical methods, are readily separated by ion chromatography.1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of fluoride (F −), nitrite-N (NO2-N), ortho-phosphate-P (o-PO4-P), bromide (Br −), nitrate-N (NO3-N), and sulfate (SO4-2) ions in high saline water (up to 20 % sodium chloride (NaCl)) by suppressed ion chromatography and tandem ultra-violet (UV) detection.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for pressure measurements are to be individually regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 UV-A and visible light sources are used to provide adequate illumination levels for liquid penetrant and magnetic particle examination. UV-A sources, UV-A radiometers, visible light sources, and illuminance photometers are used to verify specified viewing conditions.5.2 Fluorescence is typically produced by irradiating the fluorescent dyes/pigments with UV-A radiation. The fluorescent dyes/pigments absorb the UV-A radiation and re-emit light energy in the visible spectrum. This process allows fluorescence to be observed by the human eye.5.3 UV-A sources may emit visible light above 400 nm (4000 Å), which may reduce the visibility of fluorescent indications. High intensity UV-A sources may cause UV fade, causing fluorescent indications to degrade or disappear.1.1 This guide addresses the use of UV-A/Visible light sources and meters used for the examination of materials by the liquid penetrant and magnetic particle processes. This guide may be used to establish practices and procedures to measure irradiance and illuminance levels.1.2 This guide also acts as a reference:1.2.1 To assist in the selection of irradiance and illumination sources and meters that meet the applicable specifications or standards.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of internal documentation dealing with liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination of materials and parts.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 UV-A lamps are used in fluorescent penetrant and magnetic particle examination processes to excite fluorophores (dyes or pigments) to maximize the contrast and detection of discontinuities. The fluorescent dyes/pigments absorb energy from the UV-A radiation and re-emit visible light when reverting to its ground state. This excitation energy conversion allows fluorescence to be observed by the human eye.4.2 The emitted spectra of UV-A lamps can greatly affect the efficiency of dye/pigment fluorescent excitation.4.3 Some high-intensity UV-A lamps can produce irradiance greater than 10 000 μW/cm2 at 15 in. (381 mm). All high-intensity UV-A light sources can cause fluorescent dye fade and increase exposure of the inspector’s unprotected eyes and skin to high levels of damaging radiation.4.4 UV-A lamps can emit unwanted visible light and harmful UV radiation if not properly filtered. Visible light contamination above 400 nm can interfere with the inspection process and must be controlled to minimize reflected glare and maximize the contrast of the indication. UV-B and UV-C contamination must also be eliminated to prevent exposure to harmful radiation.4.5 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Firing (PF) of UV-A LED circuits are not permitted.NOTE 1: The ability of existing UV-A radiometers and spectroradiometers to accurately measure the irradiance of pulse width modulated or pulsed fired LEDs and the effect of pulsed firing on indication detectability is not well understood.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing the performance of ultraviolet A (UV-A), light emitting diode (LED) lamps used in fluorescent penetrant and fluorescent magnetic particle testing (see Guides E709 and E2297, and Practices E165/E165M, E1208, E1209, E1210, E1219, E1417/E1417M and E1444).2 This specification also includes reporting and performance requirements for UV-A LED lamps.1.2 These tests are intended to be performed only by the manufacturer to certify performance of specific lamp models (housing, filter, diodes, electronic circuit design, optical elements, cooling system, and power supply combination) and also includes limited acceptance tests for individual lamps delivered to the user. This test procedure is not intended to be utilized by the end user.1.3 This practice is only applicable for UV-A LED lamps used in the examination process. This practice is not applicable to mercury vapor, gas-discharge, arc or luminescent (fluorescent) lamps or light guides (for example, borescope light sources).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Photovoltaic modules and components must be resistant to prolonged exposure to solar radiation, moisture and heat. Degradation of polymeric components, delamination at the encapsulant and other interfaces, and moisture ingress are among the degradation modes known to decrease the output of photovoltaic modules. IEC qualification standards for PV modules include tests intended to uncover whether solar ultraviolet radiation induced degradation may cause early-life failures. This practice provides general and specific guidance on performing tests that meet the requirements of the ultraviolet radiation conditioning exposures in the IEC qualification standards.4 Other protocols exist that may also conform to the IEC test requirements.5.2 In the qualification test sequence, this UV preconditioning exposure is conducted prior to the thermal cycling and humidity freeze tests. These tests were included to replicate a delamination failure observed in modules.55.3 IEC exposure methods should not be considered as long-term weathering tests. Exposure to moisture in the form of condensation or water spray is not a requirement of the UV exposure tests in IEC PV module qualification standards. Inclusion of moisture is typically a consideration in weathering tests.5.4 Variation in test results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the acceptable limits of this standard. In particular, reciprocity of degradation among varying irradiance levels should not be assumed. Consequently, no reference to this practice should be made without an accompanying report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used.5.5 Correlation between this practice and long term performance of PV modules in real-world installations has not been determined. Although experience has shown these methods are effective in screening for unstable materials and systems, it is unknown at this time if degradation due to prolonged solar ultraviolet exposure can be replicated by extending the time and energy dosage of the exposures described in this practice. The most effective use of this practice is as a comparative tool for evaluating materials and systems. Consequently, the use of controls or reference materials of known performance is recommended; refer to Practice G151, Section 6.2.4.1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions for performing ultraviolet conditioning exposures on photovoltaic modules or mini-modules using fluorescent ultraviolet lamps in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice covers test conditions that meet the requirements for UV preconditioning in initial qualification tests of photovoltaic modules or mini-modules as published in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车