定价： 584元

定价： 584元

定价： 316元

定价： 1059元

定价： 797元

定价： 1177元 / 折扣价： 1001 元

4.1 Access to the exterior and interior of structures is often required as part of maintenance or inspection work. Depending on the characteristics of the structure and site constraints, access can often be achieved using a number of methods other than industrial rope access, including ladders, stationary or removable suspended scaffolding, mechanical self-propelled aerial lifts, and other suitable means. There are instances where use of such means of access is not feasible or economical.4.2 This standard provides guidance on the use of rope access as an alternative to other methods of access.1.1 This practice provides a framework of practical and technical information within which the specifying authority and the operators using rope access techniques can develop effective arrangements to help ensure the safety and health of personnel involved in these projects.1.2 This practice applies to the use of techniques whereby access is gained to structures, man-made or natural, by means of ropes suspended from the structure. It applies to all cases where ropes are used as the primary means of support and where persons descend or ascend a rope, or traverse along a tensioned horizontal or inclined rope.1.3 This practice applies to all industrial uses of rope access techniques except use by the fire department and other emergency services for rescue work and training in connection therewith. Fire and rescue authorities have special procedures applicable to their circumstances. This standard does not apply to other methods of working at heights, such as suspended scaffolds.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元

4.1 The maintenance of confidentiality in paper-based, electronic, or computer-based health information requires that policies and procedures be in place to protect confidentiality. Confidentiality of information depends on structural and explicit mechanisms to allow persons or systems to define who has access to what, and in what situation that access is granted. For guidelines on the development and implementation of privilege management infrastructures supporting these mechanisms, see Guide E2595.4.2 Confidential protection of data elements is a specific requirement. The classification of data elements into restrictive and specifically controlled categories is set by policies, professional practice, and laws, legislation, and regulations.4.3 There are three explicit concepts upon which the use of and access to health information confidentiality are defined. Each of these concepts is an explicit and unique characteristic relevant to confidentiality, but only through the combination (convergence) of all three concepts can appropriate access to an explicit data element at a specific point in time be provided, and unauthorized access denied. The three concepts are:4.3.1 The categorization and breakdown of data into logical and reasonable elements or entities.4.3.2 The identification of individual roles or job functions.4.3.3 The establishment of context and conditions of data use at a specific point in time, and within a specific setting.4.4 The overriding principle in preserving the confidentiality of information is to provide access to that information only under circumstances and to individuals when there is an absolute, established, and recognized need to access that data, and the information accessed should itself be constrained only to that information essential to accomplish a defined and recognized task or process. Information nonessential to that task or process should ideally not be accessible, even though an individual accessing that information may have some general right of access to that information.1.1 This guide covers the process of granting and maintaining access privileges to health information. It directly addresses the maintenance of confidentiality of personal, provider, and organizational data in the healthcare domain. It addresses a wide range of data and data elements not all traditionally defined as healthcare data, but all elemental in the provision of data management, data services, and administrative and clinical healthcare services. In addition, this guide addresses specific requirements for granting access privileges to patient-specific health information during health emergencies.1.2 This guide is based on long-term existing and established professional practices in the management of healthcare administrative and clinical data. Healthcare data, and specifically healthcare records (also referred to as medical records or patient records), are generally managed under similar professional practices throughout the United States, essentially regardless of specific variations in local, regional, state, and federal laws regarding rules and requirements for data and record management.1.3 This guide applies to all individuals, groups, organizations, data-users, data-managers, and public and private firms, companies, agencies, departments, bureaus, service-providers, and similar entities that collect individual, group, and organizational data related to health care.1.4 This guide applies to all collection, use, management, maintenance, disclosure, and access of all individual, group, and organizational data related to health care.1.5 This guide does not attempt to address specific legislative and regulatory issues regarding individual, group, and organizational rights to protection of privacy.1.6 This guide covers all methods of collection and use of data whether paper-based, written, printed, typed, dictated, transcribed, forms-based, photocopied, scanned, facsimile, telefax, magnetic media, image, video, motion picture, still picture, film, microfilm, animation, 3D, audio, digital media, optical media, synthetic media, or computer-based.1.7 This guide does not directly define explicit disease-specific and evaluation/treatment-specific data control or access, or both. As defined under this guide, the confidential protection of elemental data elements in relation to which data elements fall into restrictive or specifically controlled categories, or both, is set by policies, professional practice, and laws, legislation and regulations.

定价： 0元

1.1 This guide addresses the privacy, confidentiality, and security training of employees, agents and contractors who have access to health information. This access shall be authorized and required to meet job responsibilities. Training is essential to developing and understanding about, and sensitivity for, individually identifiable health infoamtion. Anyone in a setting that collects, maintains, transmits, stores or uses health information, or provides health services, or a combination thereof, shall provide privacy, confidentiality, and security awareness training to all staff and business partners. Training shall be based on job responsibilities.

定价： 0元

4.1 Many U.S. healthcare and health information systems leaders believe that electronic health information systems that include computer-based patient records will improve health care. To achieve this goal these systems will need to protect individual privacy of patient data, provide appropriate access, and use adequate data security measures. Sound information policies and practices must be in place prior to the wide-scale deployment of health information systems. Strong enforceable privacy policies must shape the development and implementation of these systems.4.2 The purposes of patient records are to document the course of the patient's illness or health status during each encounter and episode of care; to furnish documentary evidence of the course of the patient's health evaluation, treatment and change in condition; to document an individual's health status; to provide data for preventive care; to document communication between the practitioner responsible for the patient's care and any other healthcare practitioner who contributes to the patient's care; to assist in protecting the legal interest of the patient, the health care facility and the responsible practitioner; to provide continuity of care; to provide data to substantiate insurance claims; to provide a basis for evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of care; and to provide data for use in continuing education and research.4.3 Health information is a broad concept. It includes all information related to an individual's physical and mental health, the provision of health care generally, and payment for health care. The patient record is a major component of the health information system. The creation of electronic databases and communication protocols to transfer data between systems presents new opportunities to implement more effective systems for health information, to enhance patient care, reduce the cost of health care, and improve patient outcomes. National standards guide all that have responsibilities for records and information systems containing person identifiable health data and information.4.4 This guide also acknowledges the large and growing list of health information databases already in existence. These databases have been assembled to pay for services rendered (insurance), to validate the appropriate use of patient services (utilization management), to support policy (national levels), to gather data for research/tracking of specific problems (registries—such as tumor, trauma, birth defects, mental health case management), to prevent the spread of disease (required reporting of communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, gonorrhea, AIDS), and to respond to new uses which are proposed each year.4.5 National standards delineating principles and practices in the areas of confidentiality, privacy, access, and data security will provide a guide for policy, law, and systems development and a base for standards for electronic health information regardless of its location.1.1 This guide covers the principles for confidentiality, privacy, access, and security of person identifiable health information. The focus of this standard is computer-based systems; however, many of the principles outlined in this guide also apply to health information and patient records that are not in an electronic format. Basic principles and ethical practices for handling confidentiality, access, and security of health information are contained in a myriad of federal and state laws, rules and regulations, and in ethical statements of professional conduct. The purpose of this guide is to synthesize and aggregate into a cohesive guide the principles that underpin the development of more specific standards for health information and to support the development of policies and procedures for electronic health record systems and health information systems.1.2 This guide includes principles related to:  SectionPrivacy 7Confidentiality 8Collection, Use, and Maintenance 9Ownership 10Access 11Disclosure/Transfer of Data 12Data Security 13Penalties/Sanctions 14Education 151.3 This guide does not address specific technical requirements. It is intended as a base for development of more specific standards.

定价： 0元

定价： 665元

定价： 271元

定价： 329元

定价： 442元

定价： 329元