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4.1 These test methods provide accurate and reliable analytical procedures to determine the chemical constituents of limestone, quicklime, and hydrated lime (see Note 1). The percentages of specific constituents which determine a material's quality or fitness for use are of significance depending upon the purpose or end use of the material. Results obtained may be used in relation to specification requirements.4.2 Because quicklime and hydrated lime quickly absorb water and carbon dioxide from the air, precision and bias are extremely dependent upon precautions taken during sample preparation and analysis to minimize excessive exposure to ambient conditions.NOTE 1: These test methods can be applied to other calcareous materials if provisions are made to compensate for known interferences.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-calcium and dolomitic limestone, quicklime, and hydrated lime. These test methods are classified as either standard (preferred) or alternative (optional).1.2 The standard test methods are those that employ classical gravimetric or volumetric analytical procedures and are typically those required for referee analyses where chemical specification requirements are an essential part of contractual agreement between buyer and seller.1.3 Alternative or optional test methods are provided for those who wish to use procedures shorter or more convenient than the standard methods for the routine determinations of certain constituents. Optional test methods may sometimes be preferred to the standard test methods, but frequently the use of modern and expensive instrumentation is indicated which may not be accessible to everyone. Therefore, the use of these test methods must be left to the discretion of each laboratory.1.4 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:  Section     Aluminum Oxide  15     Available Lime Index  28     Calcium and Magnesium Oxide:      Alternative EDTA Titration Method  31     Calcium Carbonate Equivalent  33     Calcium Oxide:      Gravimetric Method  16      Volumetric Method  17     Carbon Dioxide by Standard Method  22     Combined Oxides of Iron and Aluminum  12     Ferrous Iron  Appendix X5     Free Calcium Oxide  Appendix X6     Free Moisture in Hydrated Lime  21     Free Moisture in Limestone  20     Free Silica  29     Insoluble Matter Including Silicon Dioxide:      Standard Method   8      Optional Perchloric Acid Method   9     Insoluble Matter Other Than Silicon Dioxide  11     Loss on Ignition  19     Magnesium Oxide  18     Manganese:      Bismuthate Method  Appendix X4      Periodate (Photometric) Method  27     pH Determination of Alkaline Earth Solutions  34     Phosphorus:      Titrimetric Method  Appendix X3      Molybdovanadate Method  26     Silicon Dioxide  10     Strontium Oxide  Appendix X2     Sulfur Trioxide  23     Total Carbon:      Direct Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Cell      Method 32     Total Carbon and Sulfur:      Combustion/Infrared Detection Method  35     Total Iron:      Standard Method, Potassium Dichromate      Titration  13      Potassium Permanganate Titration Method  Appendix X1      Ortho-Phenanthroline, Photometric Method  14     Total Sulfur:      Sodium Carbonate Fusion  24      Combustion-Iodate Titration Method  25      Unhydrated Oxides  301.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 9.3, 10.2.1, 18.4.3, 31.6.4.2, X2.3.1, and X5.4.1.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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