定价： 763元

定价： 529元

定价： 529元

定价： 1268元

定价： 316元

定价： 0元

5.1 This practice is provided to develop and maintain uniformity in practices for the evaluation of the load capacity of treestands, particularly with regard to quality assurance and safety factors.5.2 It is emphasized that the use of these procedures will not alter the validity of data determined with specific test methods, but provides guidance in the interpretation of test results (valid or invalid) and guidance in the selection of a reasonable test procedure in those instances where no standard exists today.1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the load capacity of treestands.1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

5.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static load capacity of treestands in terms of a factor of safety relative to the manufacturer's rated capacity.1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元

4.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static load capacity of treestand seats in terms of a factor of safety relative to the manufacturers rated capacity.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元

1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing vertical or batter piles individually or groups of vertical piles to determine response of the pile or pile group to a static compressive load applied axially to the pile or piles within the group. This test method is applicable to all deep foundation units that function in a manner similar to piles regardless of their method of installation. This test method is divided into the following sections: Section Referenced Documents 2 Apparatus for Applying Loads 3 Apparatus for Measuring Movements 4 Loading Procedures 5 Procedures for Measuring Pile Movements 6 Safety Requirements 7 Report 8 Precision and Bias 9 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1-Apparatus and procedures designated "optional" are to be required only when included in the project specifications or if not specified, may be used only with the approval of the engineer responsible for the foundation design. The word "shall" indicates a mandatory provision and "should" indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions. Notes, illustrations, and appendixes included herein are explanatory or advisory. Note 2-This test method does not include the interpretation of test results or the application of test results to foundation design. See Appendix XI for comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results. A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results for predicting pile performance and capacity. The term "failure" as used in this method indicates rapid progressive settlement of the pile or pile group under a constant load. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

5.1 Cyclic triaxial strength test results are used for evaluating the ability of a soil to resist the shear stresses induced in a soil mass due to earthquake or other cyclic loading.5.1.1 Cyclic triaxial strength tests may be performed at different values of effective confining pressure on isotropically consolidated specimens to provide data required for estimating the cyclic stability of a soil.5.1.2 Cyclic triaxial strength tests may be performed at a single effective confining pressure, usually equal to 100 kN/m2 [14.5 lb/in.2], or alternate pressures as appropriate on isotropically consolidated specimens to compare cyclic strength results for a particular soil type with that of other soils, Ref (2).5.2 The cyclic triaxial test is a commonly used technique for determining cyclic soil strength.5.3 Cyclic strength depends upon many factors, including density, confining pressure, applied cyclic shear stress, stress history, grain structure, age of soil deposit, specimen preparation procedure, and the frequency, uniformity, and shape of the cyclic wave form. Thus, close attention must be given to testing details and equipment.5.4 There are certain limitations inherent in using cyclic triaxial tests to simulate the stress and strain conditions of a soil element in the field during an earthquake.5.4.1 Nonuniform stress conditions within the test specimen are imposed by the specimen end platens. This can cause a redistribution of void ratio within the specimen during the test.5.4.2 A 90° change in the direction of the major principal stress occurs during the two halves of the loading cycle on isotropically consolidated specimens.5.4.3 The maximum cyclic shear stress that can be applied to the specimen is controlled by the stress conditions at the end of consolidation and the pore-water pressures generated during testing. For an isotropically consolidated contractive (volume decreasing) specimen tested in cyclic compression, the maximum cyclic shear stress that can be applied to the specimen is equal to one-half of the initial total axial pressure. Since cohesionless soils are not capable of taking tension, cyclic shear stresses greater than this value tend to lift the top platen from the soil specimen. Also, as the pore-water pressure increases during tests performed on isotropically consolidated specimens, the effective confining pressure is reduced, contributing to the tendency of the specimen to neck during the extension portion of the load cycle, invalidating test results beyond that point.5.4.4 While it is advised that the best possible intact specimens be obtained for cyclic strength testing, it is sometimes necessary to reconstitute soil specimens. It has been shown that different methods of reconstituting specimens to the same density may result in significantly different cyclic strengths. Also, intact specimens will almost always be stronger than reconstituted specimens.5.4.5 The interaction between the specimen, membrane, and confining fluid has an influence on cyclic behavior. Membrane compliance effects cannot be readily accounted for in the test procedure or in interpretation of test results. Changes in porewater pressure can cause changes in membrane penetration in specimens of cohesionless soils. These changes can significantly influence the test results.5.4.6 The mean total confining pressure is asymmetric during the compression and extension stress application when the chamber pressure is constant. This is totally different from the symmetric stress in the simple shear case of the level ground liquefaction.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cyclic strength (sometimes called the liquefaction potential) of saturated soils in either intact or reconstituted states by the load-controlled cyclic triaxial technique.1.2 The cyclic strength of a soil is evaluated relative to a number of factors, including: the development of axial strain, magnitude of applied cyclic stress, number of cycles of stress application, development of excess pore-water pressure, and state of effective stress. A comprehensive review of factors affecting cyclic triaxial test results is contained in the literature (1).21.3 Cyclic triaxial strength tests are conducted under undrained conditions to simulate essentially undrained field conditions during earthquake or other cyclic loading.1.4 Cyclic triaxial strength tests are destructive. Failure may be defined on the basis of the number of stress cycles required to reach a limiting strain or 100 % pore pressure ratio. See Section 3 for Terminology.1.5 This test method is generally applicable for testing cohesionless free draining soils of relatively high permeability. When testing well-graded materials, silts, or clays, pore-water pressures monitored at the specimen ends may not represent pore-water pressure values throughout the specimen. However, this test method may be followed when testing most soil types if care is taken to ensure that problem soils receive special consideration when tested and when test results are evaluated.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. The procedures in Practice D6026 that are used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the objectives of the user. Increasing or reducing the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations is common practice. Consideration of the significant digits to be used in analysis methods for engineering design is beyond the scope of this standard.1.6.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing vertical or batter piles, individually or in groups, to determine response of the pile or pile group to a static tensile load applied axially to the pile or pile group. This test method is applicable to all deep foundation units that function in a manner similar to piles, regardless of their method of installation. This test method is divided into the following sections: Section Referenced Documents 2 Significance and Use 3 Apparatus for Applying Loads 4 Apparatus for Measuring Movements 5 Safety Precautions 6 Loading Procedures 7 Procedures for Measuring Movements 8 Report 9 Precision and Bias 10 1.2 This test method only describes procedures for testing single piles or pile groups. It does not cover the interpretation or analysis of the test results or the application of the test results to foundation design. See Appendix X1 for comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results. A qualified geotechnical engineer should interpret the test results for predicting pile performance and capacity. The term "failure", as used in this test method, indicates a rapid progressive movement of the pile or pile group in the direction of loading under a constant or decreasing load. 1.3 Apparatus and procedures designated "optional" are to be required only when included in the project specifications and, if not specified, may be used only with the approval of the engineer responsible for the foundation design. The word "shall" indicates a mandatory provision and "should" indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions. Notes and illustrations included herein are explanatory or advisory. 1.4 Wherever in this test method the term pile is used with reference to the test pile, it shall include test pile groups. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

定价： 0元

1.1 This specification covers bridge bearings which consist of a confined elastomeric element encased in steel (pot bearings) when the function of the bearing is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement including rotation between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both.1.2 This specification covers the requirements of pot bearings with standard horizontal loads (10 % of vertical).1.3 The requirements stated in this specification are the minimums necessary for the manufacture of quality bearing devices. It may be necessary to increase these minimum values due to design conditions.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

定价： 0元

5.1 This practice is provided to develop and maintain uniformity for the evaluation of the load capacity of ladder and tripod type stands and climbing sticks, particularly with regard to quality assurance and safety factors.5.2 It is emphasized that the use of these procedures will not alter the validity of data determined with specific test methods, but provides guidance in the interpretation of test results (valid or invalid) and guidance in the selection of a reasonable test procedure in those instances where no standard exists today.1.1 This practice provides guidance for testing the load capacity of ladder and tripod type treestands. This practice also applies to climbing sticks which shall meet the same requirements as the steps to ladder and tripod type stands. For changes to this specification since the last issue, refer to the Summary of Changes section at the end of the standard.1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking load and calculated modulus of rupture of preformed thermal insulation for pipes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

定价： 0元