1.1 This practice covers fundamental forms of plots, used to convert measured intensities into concentrations in both photographic and direct reading analysis. It includes equations suitable for use with calculators or computers for such conversions, and methods for making background corrections and corrections for interferences from other elements. 1.2 A previous issue of this practice attempted to treat optical emission and X-ray fluorescence as one field, employing similar calculations to convert measured radiation intensities into concentrations. In fact, quite different procedures are used in the two fields. This practice confines itself to optical emission spectrochemical analysis. A separate practice will be devoted to calculations in X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. 1.3 This practice is related to but should be distinguished from: 1.3.1 Practice E116, which describes procedures for converting either transmittance or optical density of lines on a photographic emulsion into intensities or relative intensities. This step is required in photographic analysis before the present practice can be applied. 1.3.2 Practice E305, which describes the procedures for fitting a curve to a group of plotted points, and for standardizing the equipment, in order to obtain optimum accuracy, guided by sound statistical practice. 1.3.3 Practice E876 discusses the statistical treatment commonly applied to spectrochemical data, such as calculating the standard deviation and the relative standard deviation. 1.4 This practice includes the following sections: Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Significance and Use 4 Fundamental Theory 5 Plotting Analytical Curves with a Constant Internal Standard 6 Plotting Analytical Curves with a Variable Internal Standard 7 Background Correction 8 Concentration Calculations 9 Corrections for Interferences from Other Elements 10 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This practice covers evaluation of an optical emission vacuum spectrometer to analyze carbon and low-alloy steels. It covers instruments used for the analysis of solid samples taken from molten metal for production control or from products to confirm the composition. Both pre-installation and post-installation precision and accuracy are included in the evaluation.1.2 While are specific for plain carbon and low-alloy steel, they could be supplemented by similar tables for other materials.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method for the analysis of fine gold is primarily intended to test such material for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and operated in accordance with Guide E882.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of refined gold for the following elements having the following chemical composition limits:Element Content Range, µg/gCopper 17 to 300Iron  6 to 150Lead 17 to 100Palladium  7 to 350Silver 17 to 5001.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This test method is suitable for manufacturing control, for material or product acceptance, and for research and development. Its use over several years has shown precision and accuracy that are well within expected levels.It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 This test method covers the spectrochemical analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys for the following elements in the concentration ranges indicated:Element Concentration Range, %Silicon 0.001 to 23.0Copper 0.001 to 20.0Magnesium 0.001 to 11.0Zinc 0.001 to 10.0Tin 0.001 to 7.5Nickel 0.001 to 4.0Iron 0.001 to 3.0Lithium 0.0001 to 3.0Cobalt 0.001 to 2.0Manganese 0.001 to 2.0Chromium 0.001 to 1.0Silver 0.001 to 1.0Zirconium 0.001 to 1.0Lead 0.002 to 0.7Bismuth 0.001 to 0.7Cadmium 0.001 to 0.5Titanium 0.001 to 0.5Beryllium 0.0001 to 0.5Vanadium 0.001 to 0.15Calcium 0.001 to 0.05Gallium 0.001 to 0.05Boron 0.0001 to 0.05Sodium 0.0001 to 0.051.2 The test method is applicable primarily to the control analysis of chill-cast samples. Other forms may be analyzed, provided that (1) they are sufficiently massive to prevent undue heating; (2) they permit machining flat surfaces having a minimum dimension of approximately 30 by 30 mm (1.2 in. by 1.2 in.); and (3) reference materials of similar metallurgical condition and chemical composition are available.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method is an accurate and rapid means for measuring nickel deposits on steel sample plates and such parts that can be fitted into the X-ray spectrometer. Its accuracy extends over a wide range of nickel deposits.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the amount of nickel deposited on sheet steel during its preparation for porcelain enameling. It is an X-ray emission method used for testing sample panels or certain commercial parts.NOTE 1: An alternative wet chemical method is Test Method C715.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.

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1.1 This test method covers the spectrographic analysis of ores, minerals, and rocks for silver, palladium, platinum, gold and rhodium. The concentrations of precious metals which can be determined in the material being analyzed depend on the amount of sample assayed (Note 1). Concentration ranges for the lead fire assay beads are as follows:Element Concentration Range,%Silver 0.028 to 1.40Palladium 0.004 to 0.14Platinum 0.004 to 0.14Gold 0.003 to 0.14Rhodium 0.004 to 0.07Note 1—The amounts used are large enough to minimize weighing errors. A wide range of precious metal concentrations in rocks, minerals and ores can be covered by a modest range of percentages in the lead beads by regulating the weights of the initial sample and the lead bead. Also, both gold and silver can be determined in the lead bead. When either of these metals is used as a collector for the others in the assay, as is generally done, it cannot be determined without another assay.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.

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This test method describes the optical emission vacuum spectrometric procedure for examining blast furnace iron (hot metal) containing 4.2 to 5.0 % carbon by the point-to-plane technique. This spectrochemical technique is intended specifically for the analysis of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, titanium, and sulfur in specified concentration ranges in blast furnace iron. Apparatus needed for this procedure shall include sample mold, grinder, supporting electrode, excitation source, spectrometer, and appropriate measuring system. The sample is excited in an inert gas atmosphere by a controlled triggered capacitor discharge using the point-to-plane technique. Using a vacuum spectrometer, the radiant energies of selected analytical lines and an internal standard line are measured by photomultipliers. The output current of each photomultiplier is accumulated and stored during the exposure period as a charge on an associated capacitor, where it appears as a measurable voltage. At the end of the exposure period the voltages corresponding to the analytical lines relative to the voltage for the internal standard line are measured. The measuring system may be calibrated in terms of percent concentration.1.1 This test method describes the spectrochemical procedure for the analysis of blast furnace iron (hot metal) containing 4.2 to 5.0 % carbon for the following elements in the indicated ranges:Elements Concentration Range, %Silicon 0.50 to 2.00Manganese 0.20 to 1.50Phosphorus 0.020 to 0.15Titanium 0.02 to 0.10Sulfur 0.010 to 0.0501.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the homogeneity of a lot of material selected as a candidate for development as a reference material or certified reference material, or for a L/B selected for some other purpose (see Appendix X1 – Appendix X4 for examples).5.2 This practice is applicable to the testing of samples taken at various stages during production. For example, continuous cast materials, ingots, rolled bars, wire, etc., could be sampled at various stages during the production process and tested.1.1 This practice is suitable for testing the homogeneity of a metal lot or batch (L/B) in solid form by spark atomic emission spectrometry (Spark-AES). It is compliant with ISO Guide 35—Certification of Reference Materials: General and Statistical Principles. It is primarily intended for use in the development of reference materials but may be used in any other application where a L/B is to be tested for homogeneity. It is designed to provide a combined study of within-unit and between-unit homogeneity of such a L/B.1.2 This practice is designed primarily to test for elemental homogeneity of a metal L/B by Spark-AES. However, it can be adapted for use with other instrumental techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).Note 1—This practice is not limited to elemental analysis or techniques. This practice can be applied to any property that can be measured, for example, the property of hardness as measured by the Rockwell technique.1.3 The criteria for acceptance of the test specimens must be previously determined. That is, the maximum acceptable level of heterogeneity must be determined on the basis of the intended use of the L/B.1.4 It is assumed that the analyst is trained in Spark-AES techniques including the specimen preparation procedures needed to make specimens ready for measurements. It is further assumed that the analyst is versed in and has access to computer-based data capture and analysis. The methodology of this practice is best utilized in a computer based spreadsheet.1.5 This practice can be applied to one or more elements in a specimen provided the signal-to-background ratio is not a limiting factor.1.6 This practice includes methods to correct for systematic drift of the instrument with time. (Warning—If drift occurs, erroneous conclusions will be obtained from the data analysis.)1.7 This practice also includes methods to refine estimates of composition and uncertainty through the use of a type standard or multiple calibrants.1.8 It further provides a means of reducing a nonhomogeneous set to a homogeneous subset.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 When zirconium materials are used in nuclear applications, it is necessary that hafnium, a neutron absorber, be present only at very low concentrations.5.2 This test method is useful in testing materials for compliance with the compositional requirements as given in Specifications B349/B349M, B350/B350M, B351/B351M, B352/B352M, B353, B493, B494/B494M, B495, B523/B523M, B550/B550M, B551/B551M, B653/B653M, B658/B658M, B752, and B811.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hafnium in zirconium and zirconium alloys with composition greater than 0.003 % (30 mg/kg).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

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This guide on the proper collection of emission and discharge wastes from glycol dehydrators is applicable to any natural gas industry and supplier that operates glycol dehydration units and that needs to identify which glycol units may have emissions above regulatory levels.The emission and discharge sampling methods discussed in this guide are not regulatory standards. Standard protocols have been developed by the Gas Research Institute (3) and other gas associations (4) and some state regulatory agencies such as the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) (5) and the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) (6) are accepting these data. This guide is not intended to instruct the user on how to perform the sampling using these protocols, but to make the user aware of certain practical considerations generally associated with sampling these waste streams.1.1 Purpose This guide covers the proper collection of field emission and discharge data associated with glycol dehydration units used in the natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage, and distribution industries.1.2 Background:1.2.1 Increasing regulatory pressure has made emissions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (collectively known as BTEX) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the still vent of glycol dehydration units a major concern of the natural gas industry. The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 have been the impetus for air toxics regulations, and several states are regulating or are considering regulating emissions from glycol units (1). Liquid and solid waste discharges are exempt from Subtitle C (hazardous waste) regulation under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), but may be regulated in the future (2).1.2.2 Measurement of the waste streams from dehydrators is important to determine which units may have emissions above levels of regulatory concern. Measurements of air emissions from glycol dehydration units have been made from a variety of sampling points using different sampling protocols and analytical techniques since no standard methods have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) or state regulatory agencies. Standard sampling methods do not exist for the liquid and solid waste streams since they are exempt from RCRA Subtitle C. The lack of standard protocols has meant that variations of this approach can result in very different emissions measurements (3).1.2.3 Providing guidance on the collection of field emission and discharge data will allow the natural gas industry to quantify emissions and apply appropriate controls to comply with regulations.1.3 Summary--This guide has several parts and an annex. Section 1 is . Section 2 is Terminology that has definitions of terms commonly used with relation to glycol dehydration units in the natural gas industry. Section 3 is of this guide. Section 4 is a process description of glycol dehydration units. Section 5 is a discussion of the waste streams associated with glycol dehydrators. Section 6 presents the Approaches for Collecting Air Emission Data, while Sections 7 and 8 present the approaches for collecting liquid and solid waste discharge data, respectively. The annex includes a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the rich/lean glycol sampling method discussed in this guide.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the spectrometric analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys for the following elements in the concentration ranges indicated: Concentration Element Range, % Copper 0.001 to 30.0 Silicon 0.001 to 14.0 Magnesium 0.001 to 11.0 Zinc 0.001 to 10.0 Nickel 0.001 to 10.0 Manganese 0.001 to 8.0 Tin 0.001 to 7.5 Silver 0.001 to 5.0 Iron 0.001 to 4.0 Chromium 0.001 to 4.0 Cadmium 0.001 to 2.0 Cobalt 0.001 to 2.0 Beryllium 0.001 to 1.2 Zirconium 0.001 to 1.0 Lead 0.002 to 0.7 Bismuth 0.001 to 0.7 Titanium 0.001 to 0.5 Calcium 0.001 to 0.2 Barium 0.001 to 0.05 Boron 0.001 to 0.05 Gallium 0.001 to 0.05 Sodium 0.001 to 0.05 Vanadium 0.001 to 0.05 1.2 The test method is applicable primarily to the control analysis of chill-cast samples. Other forms may be analyzed, provided that ( ) they are sufficiently massive to prevent undue heating, ( ) they permit machining flat surfaces having a minimum dimension of approximately 16 mm (1.6 in.), and ( ) reference materials of similar metallurgical condition and chemical composition are available. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

1.1 This test method covers the optical emission spectrometric analysis of stainless Type 18-8 steels for the following elements: Element Concentration Range, % Chromium 17.0 to 20.0 Nickel 8.0 to 15.0 Manganese 0.8 to 2.0 Silicon 0.4 to 0.8 Copper 0.1 to 0.2 1.2 This test method is designed for routine analysis of chill-cast disks or inspection testing of stainless Type 18-8 steel flats upon which a surface of at least 13-mm (1/2-in.) diameter may be prepared. The samples must be sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge and of similar metallurgical condition and composition as the standards used. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

This practice is useful for the preparation of specimens of ore bodies for the analysis of uranium by X-ray emission. Two separate preparation techniques are described.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of uranium ore samples to be analyzed by X-ray emission. Two separate techniques, the glass fusion method or the pressed powder method, may be used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This test method is intended for use with other standards (see 2.1) that address the collection and preparation of samples (dried chips, dusts, soils, and air particulates) that are obtained during the assessment or mitigation of lead hazards from buildings and related structures.This test method may also be used to analyze similar samples from other environments.1.1 This test method is intended for use with extracted or digested samples that were collected during the assessment, management, or abatement of lead hazards from buildings, structures, or other locations.1.2 This test method covers the lead analysis of sample extracts or digestates (for example, extracted or digested paint, soil, dust, and airborne particulate) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).1.3 This test method contains directions for sample analysis, as well as quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC), and may be used for purposes of laboratory accreditation and certification.1.4 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of the mandatory requirements of this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 624元