2.1 The performance and quality of electroplated articles depend upon the surface cleanliness and condition. Various metals are electroplated for decorative or engineering finishes. The common electroplates applied are usually copper, nickel, and chromium for decorative and functional uses. Electroplated articles are used in many industries such as the marine, automotive, plumbing fixtures, and appliance industries.1.1 This guide describes the procedure for cleaning metal surfaces to obtain good adhesion of electrodeposited metals. The degree of cleanliness required for metals to be electroplated is greater than for most other finishes. Methods of removal of heat-treat or mill scale are not included in these methods, because they are covered in practices referring to specific metals. It should also be understood that while these procedures are broadly applicable, particular substrates may require certain specific cleaning procedures.1.2 Adequate cleaning requires a proper combination of cleaning procedures. The choice of these procedures must be based on a knowledge of the metals to be cleaned and of the soils to be removed. Because most experience and knowledge in cleaning have been obtained by suppliers of proprietary processes and formulations, these sources should be consulted before setting up a cleaning process.1.3 A treatment to remove tarnish, light rust, fingerprints, or oxides is usually provided before immersion of the piece in the electroplating tank. This treatment activates the metal and is usually accomplished in acid baths which also serve to neutralize the residual alkaline film from alkaline cleaning. Alkaline chelated derusting and cleaning solutions, alone or with sodium cyanide, used as a soak or electrocleaner, are often preferred before electroplating on ferrous alloys.1.4 Invariably several stages are necessary to provide adequate cleaning. These stages are discussed in three parts:Part I—Precleaning (use of a solvent, emulsion, or alkaline spray) to remove the bulk of the soil.Part II—Intermediate (alkaline) cleaning.Part III—Final electrocleaning, to remove trace solids and especially adherent impurities.Part IV—Trouble shooting.Often, depending largely on the amount and type of soil on the workpieces as received, one or more of these stages may be eliminated or modified. Usually, even with light soils, it is advisable to retain multistage cleaning, thereby increasing the life and efficiency of the cleaning solutions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety precautionary statements see Sections 11 and 16.)1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide hot-rolled, carbon steel panels with uniform and reproducible abrasive blast cleaned surfaces for testing of coatings.1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in the preparation (by abrasive blast cleaning) of hot rolled steel panels for laboratory testing of coatings.1.2 This standard practice does not include procedures for the application of coatings.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants. It is recommended that the materials shall be subjected to soil removal prior to heat treatment or application of acid treatment. Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces. Recommended post treatment of shot or abrasive blasted titanium surfaces may include acid pickling to ensure complete removal of surface contaminants. For chemically milled materials, salt bath conditioning may be required to remove the oxygen-contaminated layer. Acid etching treatment may be required following mechanical abrading or chemical conditioning of materials to completely clean the surface.1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants.1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case present.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this guide is to furnish qualified technical personnel with pertinent information for the selection of cleaning methods for cleaning materials and equipment to be used in oxygen-enriched environments. This guide furnishes qualified technical personnel with guidance in the specification of oxygen system cleanliness needs. It does not actually specify cleanliness levels.5.2 Insufficient cleanliness of components used in oxygen systems can result in the ignition of contaminants or components by a variety of mechanisms such as particle, mechanical, or pneumatic impact. These mechanisms are explained in detail in Guide G88.5.3 Adequate contamination control in oxygen systems is imperative to minimize hazards and component failures that can result from contamination. Contamination must also be minimized to ensure an acceptable product purity.5.4 Removal of contaminants from materials and components depends on system configuration, materials of construction, and type and quantity of contaminant.5.5 Examples of cleaning procedures contained herein may be followed or specified for those materials, components, and equipment indicated. The general cleaning text can be used to establish cleaning procedures for materials, components, equipment, and applications not addressed in detail. See Guide G127 for discussion of cleaning agent and procedure selection.1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods and apparatus for cleaning materials and equipment intended for service in oxygen-enriched environments. Contamination problems encountered in the use of enriched air, mixtures of oxygen with other gases, or any other oxidizing gas may be solved by the same cleaning procedures applicable to most metallic and nonmetallic materials and equipment. Cleaning examples for some specific materials, components, and equipment, and the cleaning methods for particular applications, are given in the appendixes.1.2 This guide includes levels of cleanliness used for various applications and the methods used to obtain and verify these levels.1.3 This guide applies to chemical-, solvent-, and aqueous-based processes.1.4 This guide describes nonmandatory material for choosing the required levels of cleanliness for systems exposed to oxygen or oxygen-enriched atmospheres.1.5 This guide proposes a practical range of cleanliness levels that will satisfy most system needs, but it does not deal in quantitative detail with the many conditions that might demand greater cleanliness or that might allow greater contamination levels to exist. Furthermore, it does not propose specific ways to measure or monitor these levels from among the available methods.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Federal, state, and local safety and disposal regulations concerning the particular hazardous materials, reagents, operations, and equipment being used should be reviewed by the user. The user is encouraged to obtain the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) from the manufacturer for any material incorporated into a cleaning process. Specific cautions are given in Section 8.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide describes an approach to validate a cleaning system for a medical device. It is based on the manufacturer’s accurate and comprehensive understanding of their internal manufacturing and cleaning processes.5.2 This guide is not intended to provide a detailed plan or road map, but will provide considerations that can be used by the device manufacturer to develop a detailed plan for performing cleaning validation.5.3 In cleaning validation, as with other types of validations, there are multiple ways to achieve a compliant, scientifically sound, and practical cleaning validation program.5.4 There are several reference documents identified in Appendix X3 that describe cleaning validation approaches for non-medical devices (including cleaning for oxygen-enriched environments, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors). Any of these reference documents could provide guidance for a well-defined process for establishing a manufacturer’s minimum expectation of a specific cleaning validation program.5.5 This guidance specifically targets cleaning validation for medical devices, in-process and at terminal cleaning so that the result is a consistently clean medical device that meets the performance expectations for that device.1.1 This guide provides considerations for validating cleaning processes for medical devices during initial fabrication and assembly prior to initial use. Validated cleaning processes are important for achieving consistency in function and consistency in biocompatibility. The considerations include but are not limited to: validation approach, equipment design, procedures and documentation, analytical methods, sampling, development of limits, and other issues.1.2 Inclusions: 1.2.1 This guide describes the validation of critical cleaning processes for medical devices to reduce contaminants to acceptable levels prior to packaging.1.3 Exclusions—The following items / medical devices / processes are excluded from the scope of this document:1.3.1 Reusable medical devices.1.3.1.1 Validation of cleaning operations for reusable medical devices is not within the scope of this standard guide. Although cleaning of reusable medical devices is beyond the scope of this guide, many of the principles outlined in this guide may be applicable to the validation of cleaning operations for reusable devices.1.3.2 Cleaning of medical devices in health care facilities.1.3.2.1 Validation of cleaning processes in patient/health care facilities is not within the scope of this standard guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to be a replacement for biological safety testing.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is intended for use in laboratories using labware for the preparation and analysis of samples collected for analysis for metals or metalloids, or both.1.1 This practice uses dilute nitric acid to clean glass and plastic labware used in laboratories preparing and analyzing samples for metal and metalloid content.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Abrasive media may contain ionic contamination naturally (for example, beach sand), from manufacturing (quenching with contaminated water), transportation, storage or use (in the case of abrasive that is reused). Ionic contamination on the abrasive may transfer to the surface during abrasive blast cleaning, resulting in potential osmotic blistering, accelerated underfilm corrosion and premature coating failure.4.2 This test method describes a shop/field procedure for assessing the level of conductive species on an abrasive.4.3 Abrasive standards published by SSPC (AB) and ISO 11126 provide tolerance levels for water soluble contaminants of the abrasive.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for assessing blast cleaning abrasives for the presence of conductive-potential, ionic contaminants by determining the total concentration of water soluble conductive species using a conductivity test.1.2 This test method does not identify the ionic species present nor provide quantitative results on each species.1.3 This test method is based on a volume comparison among abrasives of similar sizes. A volume comparison is more closely related to surface area of the abrasives than is a weight comparison.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 618元 / 折扣价： 526 元 加购物车

5.1 This standard guide may be used by medical device manufacturers as part of their design plan and implementation of the validation of the cleaning instructions of their reusable medical devices.5.2 This guide helps medical device manufacturers to identify the appropriate method(s) for detecting and quantifying markers for the simulated-use test soil (see Guide F3208), thereby evaluating whether the medical device can be adequately cleaned.5.3 This guide describes various test methods for the different analytes.1.1 This standard guide provides methods and considerations for detecting and quantifying test soil(s) from reusable medical device(s) that result from simulated-use testing of medical devices during validation of the cleaning procedures as described in the instructions for use (IFU) provided by the medical device manufacturer.1.2 The methods described are for detecting and measuring markers (analytes) that are components within the most common test soils and are relevant to the clinical use of the device. Appropriate test soils without protein, carbon, or carbohydrates (for example, bone) will require other methods.1.3 This is a part of a series of ASTM standard guides for validating cleaning instructions. The scope of the first guide in the series is selecting appropriate test soils (Guide F3208). The second in the series (Guide F3293) describes methods for inoculating medical devices with test soil. The third in the series (Guide F3321) describes methods for extracting soils for measuring residual soil on medical devices after the performance of cleaning process. This is the fourth guide in the series and describes the methods of detecting and quantifying residual analytes on the device.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Because of the tendency of prestressed titanium alloy parts to crack if heated while in contact with certain chemical reagents, it is necessary to ensure that cleaning and maintenance materials will not initiate stress corrosion of titanium alloys under controlled conditions. For test specimens, two common titanium alloys are selected, one that is very susceptible (AMS 4916 or AMS 4919) and one that is not very susceptible (AMS 4911) to stress corrosion cracking.1.1 This test method establishes a test procedure for determining the propensity of aircraft turbine engine cleaning and maintenance materials for causing stress corrosion cracking of titanium alloy parts.1.2 The evaluation is conducted on representative titanium alloys by determining the effect of contact with cleaning and maintenance materials on tendency of prestressed titanium alloys to crack when subsequently heated to elevated temperatures.1.3 Test conditions are based upon manufacturer's maximum recommended operating solution concentration.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3 and 5.6.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope This clause of part 1 is replaced by: This standard deals with the safety of electric cleaning appliances for household use which are intended for cleaning surfaces such as windows, walls and empty swimming pools by using liquid cleansing a

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to cord-connected, motor-operated floor surfacing and cleaning machines rated at 600 volts or less which are designed to be used in accordance with the Rules of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I, on an ac or dc ci

定价： 455元 / 折扣价： 387 元

4.1 Hydraulic cleaning methods include equipment that uses water and water velocity to clean the invert and walls of the vitrified clay sewer pipe.4.2 The practice of high-velocity sewer cleaning is best described as a hydraulic cleaning method that uses water pressure to remove obstructions and deposits in sewers or storm drains.4.3 There are different configurations of high-velocity sewer cleaning machines. These units have the capability of generating variable water pressures up to 3500 psi (24 MPa) and variable flow rates of 50-125 gal per min (gpm) (180-473 L per min).4.4 The water tank capacity on these units varies from 1000-1500 gal (3785-5678 L).4.5 The hose lengths vary between 500 and 1000 ft (152 and 305 m) in length with a diameter of 3/4- 11/4 in. NPT.4.6 There are number of different nozzles and tools that may be used during the cleaning process.4.7 Some high-velocity sewer cleaners have a vacuum conveyance system that use large fans or positive displacement vacuum pumps for material removal capabilities. With this type of system, material can be vacuumed from the manhole into a debris tank as it is brought back with the jet or tool and taken to a disposal area. These systems can be either trailer or truck mounted and are generally known as combination machines.4.8 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set guidelines for the safe removal of hazardous and nonhazardous substances as stated in OSHA Section 5 of Public Law 91-596; OSHA 29 USC 654; 29 CFR 1910.120; as well as DOT CFR Parts 106-7, 171-180, and 390-397.1.1 This practice covers the personnel requirements, operator training, operating procedures, and recommended equipment performance/design for the proper operation of pressure water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment as normally used by municipalities and contractors tasked with operations, maintenance, cleaning, and pre-rehabilitation cleaning work of vitrified clay mainline sewer pipe.1.2 The term “high-pressure water jetting” covers all water jetting, including the use of jets and hydromechanical tooling at pressures above 2000 psig (0.69 MPa).1.3 This practice covers the “high-pressure water jetting” of vitrified clay pipe and should not be applied to other pipe and pipe lining materials without evaluating the recommended cleaning procedure from the manufacturer to avoid damage.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope This clause of part 1 is applicable except as follows: 1.1 Addition: This standard applies to electrical motor-operated floor polishing (including waxing and buffing), scrubbing and grinding, scarifying and carpet shampooing appliances

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

1. Scope 1.1 General This Standard covers once-through high efficiency air-cleaning assemblies for maintaining radioactive particulate and radioiodine releases below licenced limits in nuclear power plants. The Standard identifies and establishes mi

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

3.1 Many of the low-silica technical glasses which contain soluble or reactive oxides require processing or involve applications that require cleaning. Very often these cleaning procedures have evolved over several decades and are considered an art. They usually contain numerous steps, some of questionable validity. It is the premise of this practice that cleaning glass can be more scientific. Design of a cleaning procedure should involve (1) a definition of the soil to be removed, (2) an awareness of the constraints imposed by the glass composition, and (3) a rational selection of alternative methods that will remove the soil and leave the glass in a condition suitable for its intended application. This practice provides information to assist in step (3). General references on glass cleaning and on various methods of evaluating cleanliness and associated information has been published.21.1 This practice covers information that will permit design of a rational cleaning procedure that can be used with a glass that is somewhat soluble in many aqueous chemical solutions. Typically, this type of glass is used in applications such as optical ware, glass-to-metal seals, low dielectric loss products, glass fibers, infrared transmitting products, and products resistant to metallic vapors.1.2 In most cases, this type of glass contains high concentrations of oxides that tend to react with a number of aqueous chemicals. Such oxides include B2O3, Al2O3, R2O, RO, La2O3, ZnO, PbO, P2O5, and Fe2O3. The more conventional high-silica glasses are usually more chemically resistant, but the cleaning principles outlined here also apply to them.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4 and Table 1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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