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4.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between producers and users; to guide engineers and designers in the use, construction, and properties of commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.1.1 This classification covers a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial laminate composite gasket materials (LCGM). These structures are composed of two or more chemically different layers of material. These materials may be organic or inorganic, or combinations with various binders or impregnants. Gasket coatings are not covered since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings, or as separate specifications. Commercial materials designated as enveloped gaskets are excluded from this classification; they are covered in Practice F336. This classification system does not cover multilayer steel (MLS) gaskets currently used for some automotive exhaust and head gaskets. MLS gaskets are classified under Classification F2325.1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of this classification as a basis for selecting LCGM is limited.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The nighttime retroreflective properties of pavement markings are known to improve driving safety. Retroreflective composite optics have been developed to improve retroreflectivity in dry and rainy wet conditions. For customers purchasing these materials it’s important to verify the consistency and performance. This guide provides a set of laboratory procedures which can be selected individually or together to evaluate lot-to-lot consistency of composite optics of the same type and manufacturer. These are not in-service performance procedures and don’t necessarily predict in-service performance.1.1 This guide presents a series of options for evaluating lot-to-lot consistency of retroreflective composite optics of the same type and form from the same manufacturer and does not recommend any specific course of action to be taken. This guide is meant to increase the awareness of information and approaches and is not meant to recommend any specific course of action per ASTM’s Form and Style for ASTM Standards definition for a Guide.1.1.1 This guide does not determine lab procedure selection or acceptance criteria for a specific retroreflective composite optics product for its intended use. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer and customer to negotiate these details based on their specific needs.1.1.2 This guide is not intended to predict in-service performance levels.1.1.3 This guide is not intended for comparison of different types of composite optics or manufacturers of composite optics.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A constituent content of a composite material must be known in order to analytically model the material properties (mechanical, physical, thermal, or electrical) of the composite which are affected by the reinforcement or matrix. Also, knowledge of the constituent content is required for evaluation of the quality of a fabricated material and the processes used during fabrication.5.2 The void volume of a composite material may significantly affect some of its mechanical properties. Higher void volumes usually mean lower fatigue resistance, greater susceptibility to moisture penetration and weathering, and increased variation or scatter in strength properties. Knowledge of the void volume of a composite material is desirable as an indication of the quality of a composite.5.3 Reinforcement content may be used to normalize mechanical properties affected by amount of reinforcement in the coupon.1.1 These test methods determine the constituent content of composite materials by one of two approaches. Test Method I physically removes the matrix by digestion or ignition or carbonization by one of eight procedures, leaving the reinforcement essentially unaffected and thus allowing calculation of reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume) as well as percent void volume. Test Method II, applicable only to laminate materials of known fiber areal weight, calculates reinforcement or matrix content (by weight or volume), and the cured ply thickness, based on the measured thickness of the laminate. Test Method II is not applicable to the measurement of void volume.1.1.1 These test methods are primarily intended for two-part composite material systems. However, special provisions can be made to extend these test methods to filled material systems with more than two constituents, though not all test results can be determined in every case.1.1.2 The procedures contained within have been designed to be particularly effective for certain classes of polymer or metal matrices. The suggested applications are discussed in Section 4, as well as at the start of each procedure.1.1.3 Test Method I assumes that the reinforcement is essentially unaffected by the digestion or ignition medium or carbonization. A procedure for correction of the results for minor changes in the reinforcement is included. Procedures A through F are based on chemical removal of the matrix, while Procedure G removes the matrix by igniting the matrix in a furnace. Procedure H carbonizes the matrix in a furnace.1.1.4 Test Method II assumes that the fiber areal weight of the reinforcement material form is known or controlled to an acceptable tolerance. The presence of voids is not measured. Eq 15 and 16 assume zero void content to perform the calculation.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be used to obtain the fiber content, fiber areal weight, matrix content or matrix solids content. Knowledge of these results is useful in specifying material systems and in developing optimum manufacturing processes. Where volatiles content is consistent and not critical to process, matrix content shall be used.5.2 This test method is limited to reinforcement constituents that do not change mass upon exposure to the matrix removal procedure and limited to matrix constituents that are fully removed by the matrix removal procedure. In the event of experiencing either limitation, an agreement should be reached with the end-user as to how to proceed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fiber content, fiber areal weight, matrix solids content and matrix content of composite material prepregs. Optionally, the matrix solids content can also be determined after a volatiles content has been established. Volatiles content, if appropriate and required, is determined by means of Test Method D3530.1.2 Procedure A of this test method applies to composite prepreg of primarily thermosetting matrices that can be extracted in organic solvent. The reinforcement and filler must be substantially insoluble in the selected extraction reagent. This procedure may also be used for the same purposes to extract other matrix material types.1.3 Procedure B of this test method uses ignition loss of a composite prepreg matrix and applies to organic matrix composite systems containing reinforcing fibers that do not change mass when exposed to the matrix combustion method.1.4 This test method assumes a two-part material system (plus volatiles) and does not distinguish between hybrid reinforcements or matrices. Use with hybrid composites is limited to determination of total reinforcement or total matrix content.1.5 Matrix solids determination for Procedures A or B uses Test Method D3530 to determine volatiles content.1.6 Alternate techniques for determining constituent content include Test Methods C613 (resin content by Soxhlet extraction) and D3171 (used principally for consolidated laminates).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Sections 8 and 9.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to aid in the selection of standards for polymer matrix composite materials. It specifically summarizes the application of standards from ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials that apply to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. For reference and comparison, many commonly used or applicable ASTM standards from other ASTM Committees are also included.1.1 This guide summarizes the application of ASTM standard test methods (and other supporting standards) to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. The most commonly used or most applicable ASTM standards are included, emphasizing use of standards of Committee D30 on Composite Materials.1.2 This guide does not cover all possible standards that could apply to polymer matrix composites and restricts discussion to the documented scope. Commonly used but non-standard industry extensions of test method scopes, such as application of static test methods to fatigue testing, are not discussed. A more complete summary of general composite testing standards, including non-ASTM test methods, is included in the Composite Materials Handbook (CMH-17).2 Additional specific recommendations for testing textile (fabric, braided) composites are contained in Guide D6856.1.3 This guide does not specify a system of measurement; the systems specified within each of the referenced standards shall apply as appropriate. Note that the referenced standards of ASTM Committee D30 are either SI-only or combined-unit standards with SI units listed first.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance to the following test methods: moisture content measurement; bending; tension parallel to grain; compression parallel to grain; compression perpendicular to grain; longitudinal shear; connections; bond quality; product durability; edgewise bending durability; lateral edge nail durability; thickness swell; and density gradient through the thickness.1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers both specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific product.1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the scope of this specification.NOTE 1: There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in Appendix X2.1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions defined in the governing code-referenced design standards, such as in most covered structures. The conditioning environment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a composite lumber product intended for use as a structural material.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of allowable design values for the product.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes and other stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain a vertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross section of the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample of stratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both ends so that material flows through it as it is slowly lowered to the desired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be lowered with the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube is submerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layer only, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.5.2 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples.5.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 which covers sampling plans, safety, QA, preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures; Practice D5088 which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites; Practice D5283 which covers project specifications and practices for environmental field operations; and Practice D5743 which covers drum sampling.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for sampling liquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLIWASA.” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtaining a representative sample from stratified or unstratified liquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerized liquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be used for pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid.NOTE 1: A limitation of the COLIWASA is that the stopper mechanism may not allow collection of approximately the bottom 2.54 cm (1 in.) of material, depending on construction of the stopper.1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowing or moving liquids.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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