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1. Scope and Object This clause of part 1 is applicable except as follows: 1.1 Scope Replacement: This standard applies to AUTOCLAVES, including those with an automatic loading and unloading system, which incorporate a PRESSURE VESSEL using st

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1.1 This guide contains guidelines and recommended procedures for use in the establishment of thermal processes necessary to produce commercially sterile foods packaged in hermetically sealed flexible containers. It applies to foods packaged in flexible containers that are sterilized by the application of heat from fluid heating media, particularly steam, air, water, their combinations, and their mixtures. 1.2 Specifically, this guide describes procedures for determining environmental conditions in the retort during thermal processing of foods in flexible containers and for determining heating and cooling characteristics of such products during processing. Procedures are described by which these data are used in the determination or evaluation, or both, of safe thermal processes for food packaged in flexible containers. 1.3 Limitations- This guide does not cover the theoretical and practical considerations that justify thermal processing as a means of rendering a packaged food product commercially sterile, nor does this guide describe methods by which thermal processes are verified or confirmed by biological methods, such as by inoculated pack and count reduction techniques. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 The sections in this guide appear in the following sequence: Section 1 Terminology 2 Summary of Guide 3 Significance and Use 4 Procedures: Temperature Measurement 5 Evaluation of Retort Performance 6 Process Time Determination by Heat Penetration 7 Tests Process Verification 8 Records of Temperature Distribution and Heat Pene- 9 tration Studies Retort Equipment Requirements X1 References

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5.1 Coal contains several elements whose individual mass fractions are generally less than 0.01 %. These elements are commonly and collectively referred to as trace elements. These elements primarily occur as part of the mineral matter in coal. The potential release of certain trace elements from coal combustion sources has become an environmental concern.5.2 The ash prepared in accordance with these provisional test methods quantitatively retains the elements listed in 1.1 and is representative of their mass fractions in the coal or coke.1.1 These test methods pertain to the determination of antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc in coal and coke. These test methods can also be used for the analysis of residues from coal combustion processes. Additionally, there are specific test methods outlined that pertain to the determination of rare earth elements in coal and coal combustion residues.NOTE 1: These test methods may be applicable to the determination of other trace elements.NOTE 2: Rare earth elements are understood to include: cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A compositional analysis of the ash in coal is often useful in the total description of the quality of the coal. Knowledge of ash composition is also useful in predicting the behavior of ashes and slags in combustion chambers. Utilization of the ash by-products of coal combustion sometimes depends on the chemical composition of the ash.5.2 Note that the chemical composition of laboratory-prepared coal ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in the coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commercial-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in combustion residues from coal utilization processes.1.2 Use Test Method D5016 for determination of sulfur.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.5.2 This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.5.3 There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent process(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors in a selection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the cleaning material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is recommended to compare the methods available.1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equipment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assemblies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or super-critical fluid cleaning.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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