This Recommended Practice provides safety precautions, installation design considerations, and procedures for commissioning, maintenance, and storage of pocket and fiber-plate nickel-cadmium storage batteries for photovoltaic (PV) power systems. Disposal and recycling recommendations are also discussed. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers can provide specific instructions for battery installation and maintenance.

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This recommended practice describes methods for sizing nickel/cadmium batteries used with terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) systems. Installation, maintenance, safety, testing procedures, and consideration of battery types other than nickel/cadmium are beyond the scope of this document. Recommended practices for the remainder of the electric systems associated with PV installations are also beyond the scope of this document.

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This recommended practice provides design considerations and procedures for storage, location, mounting, ventilation, assembly, and maintenance of lead-acid storage batteries for photovoltaic power systems. Safety precautions and instrumentation considerations are also included. While this document gives general recommended practices, battery manufacturers may provide specific instructions for battery installation and maintenance.

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This guide provides information to assist in sizing the array and battery of a stand-alone photovoltaic system. Systems considered in this guide consist of PV as the only power source and a battery for energy storage. These systems also commonly employ controls to protect the battery from being over- or undercharged, and may employ a power conversion subsystem (inverter or converter). This guide is applicable to all stand-alone PV systems where PV is the only charging source. This guide does… read more not include PV hybrid systems nor grid-connected systems. This guide covers lead-acid batteries only; nickel-cadmium and other battery types are not included. This guide does not include the sizing of the system controller, inverter, wiring, or other system components. read less

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This recommended practice describes a method for sizing both vented and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in stand-alone PV systems. Installation, maintenance, safety, testing procedures, and consideration of battery types other than lead-acid are beyond the scope of this recommended practice. Sizing batteries for hybrid and grid-connected PV systems is beyond the scope of this recommended practice. Recommended practices for the remainder of the electrical systems associated with stand-alone… read more PV installations are also beyond the scope of this recommended practice. Sizing examples are given for various representative system applications. Iterative techniques to optimize battery costs, which include consideration of the interrelationship between battery size, PV array size, and weather, are beyond the scope of this recommended practice. read less

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This guide contains a field test procedure for lead-acid batteries used in PV hybrid power systems. Battery charging parameters are discussed with respect to PV hybrid power systems. The field test procedure is intended to verify the battery's operating setpoints and battery performance. Discussion on how to interpret test results is also included. This guide is applicable to all stand-alone PV hybrid power systems where PV and an engine generator are the only charging sources. This guide does… read more not include stand-alone PV-only systems. read less

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This recommended practice focuses on the performance test of the electrical energy storage (EES) system in the application scenario of PV-storage-charging stations with voltage levels of 10 kV and below. The test methods and procedures of key performance indexes, such as the stored energy capacity, the roundtrip efficiency (RTE), the response time (RT ), the ramp rate (RR), and the reference signal tracking are defined based on the duty cycle derived from the operational characteristics of the EES system.

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This guide contains a tutorial on lead-acid battery technology, battery charging characteristics, and a laboratory test procedure to evaluate charge parameters and battery performance. The information on leadacid battery designs and environmental characteristics is provided to help the PV system designer make appropriate battery decisions. Photovoltaic system parameters and operating conditions are discussed. Charging parameters related to PV systems are also suggested to help in the selection… read more of appropriate test set points. Finally, a performance test to verify the battery's operating set points and performance is provided, including discussions on how to interpret test results. This guide is applicable to all stand-alone PV systems where PV is the only charging source. This guide does not include PV hybrid systems. read less

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