定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuring surface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed to fire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring and comparing the surface flammability of materials when exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. The test is conducted using specimens that are representative, to the extent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated. For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, such specimens shall replicate the type and thickness of all the layers present in the assembly being evaluated.5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfaces depends upon the physical and thermal properties of the material, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mounting method and orientation, the type and level of fire or heat exposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surrounding enclosure. (1-6)4, 55.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this test method, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as the one used in this test method. However, Test Method E162 is normally intended for application to specimens other than flexible cellular materials.5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different from the pilot burner in Test Method E162.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.5 If the test results obtained by this test method are to be considered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in a building or structure, then the criteria, concepts and procedures incorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consideration.1.1 This is a fire test response standard.1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials.1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers coextruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic drain, waste and vent pipe made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) and produced by the coextrusion process with concentric inner and outer solid PVC layers and the core consisting of closed-cell cellular PVC. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.1.2 Fittings meeting the requirements of Specification D2665 and D3311 are suitable for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification.1.3 Poly(vinyl chloride) plastic which does not meet the definitions of virgin PVC plastic as given in 5.1 is excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. PVC rework plastic which meets the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.2 is acceptable.1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3 respectively.1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 927元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application of an insulation system for use at service temperatures between − 30 and + 107°C (−22 and + 225°F). Although the successful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenced by many factors, this practice treats those four areas found to be of major importance:(1) Substrate preparation,(2) Substrate priming,(3) Insulation application, and(4) Protective coatings.4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray application of the insulation, and protective coating application each contribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job site and will be dealt with in more detail under their respective headings.1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate preparation and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyurethane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoor service equipment.NOTE 1: For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined to mean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred to as “PUR/PIR.”1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides minimum recommendations for the installation of thick poured lightweight cellular concrete floor underlayments suitable to receive resilient floor coverings. This practice establishes the proper preparation, installation and quality control for thick poured lightweight cellular concrete floor underlayments.4.2 Actual requirements for thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayments are generally included as part of project plans or specifications and may vary from the recommendations set forth in this practice. Project plans or specifications, or both, shall supersede the recommendations set forth in this practice.1.1 This practice covers the installation and preparation of the thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayments over wood structural panel subfloors in commercial structures or over concrete floors in commercial structures and the preparation of the thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayment surface prior to the installation of resilient flooring in commercial buildings.1.2 This practice points out the factors that are required to be controlled while installing thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayment as a base for resilient flooring.1.3 This practice does not cover the structural adequacy of the wood structural panel subfloor or concrete subfloor. The structural integrity of assemblies is governed by local building codes.1.4 This practice does not supercede the thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayment manufacturers', adhesive manufacturers' or resilient flooring manufacturers' written instructions. Consult the individual manufacturer for specific recommendations.1.5 Thick poured lightweight cellular concrete underlayments are not suitable for use on concrete slabs on ground due to potential moisture problems arising from moisture intrusion, unless an adequate vapor retarder or vapor barrier is present directly beneath the concrete subfloor.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI Units, which are provided for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to determine the mechanical properties in flexure of engineered ceramic components with multiple longitudinal hollow channels, commonly described as “honeycomb” channel architectures. The components generally have 30 % or more porosity and the cross-sectional dimensions of the honeycomb channels are on the order of 1 mm or greater.5.2 The experimental data and calculated strength values from this test method are used for material and structural development, product characterization, design data, quality control, and engineering/production specifications.NOTE 1: Flexure testing is the preferred method for determining the nominal “tensile fracture” strength of these components, as compared to a compression (crushing) test. A nominal tensile strength is required, because these materials commonly fail in tension under thermal gradient stresses. A true tensile test is difficult to perform on these honeycomb specimens because of gripping and alignment challenges.5.3 The mechanical properties determined by this test method are both material and architecture dependent, because the mechanical response and strength of the porous test specimens are determined by a combination of inherent material properties and microstructure and the architecture of the channel porosity [porosity fraction/relative density, channel geometry (shape, dimensions, cell wall thickness, etc.), anisotropy and uniformity, etc.] in the specimen. Comparison of test data must consider both differences in material/composition properties as well as differences in channel porosity architecture between individual specimens and differences between and within specimen lots.5.4 Test Method A is a user-defined specimen geometry with a choice of four-point or three-point flexure testing geometries. It is not possible to define a single fixed specimen geometry for flexure testing of honeycombs, because of the wide range of honeycomb architectures and cell sizes and considerations of specimen size, cell shapes, pitch, porosity size, crush strength, and shear strength. As a general rule, the experimenter will have to define a suitable test specimen geometry for the particular honeycomb structure of interest, considering composition, architecture, cell size, mechanical properties, and specimen limitations and using the following guidelines. Details on specimen geometry definition are given in 9.2.5.4.1 Four-point flexure (Test Method A1) is strongly preferred and recommended for testing and characterization purposes. (From Test Method C1161 section 4.5: “The three-point test configuration exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress. Therefore, three-point flexural strengths are likely to be much greater than four-point flexural strengths. Three-point flexure has some advantages. It uses simpler test fixtures, it is easier to adapt to high temperature and fracture toughness testing, and it is sometimes helpful in Weibull statistical studies. However, four-point flexure is preferred and recommended for most characterization purposes.”)5.4.2 The three-point flexure test configuration (Test Method A2) may be used for specimens which are not suitable for 4-point testing, with the clear understanding that 3-point loading exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress, as compared to the much larger maximum stress volume in a 4-point loading configuration. Therefore, 3-point flexural strengths are likely to be greater than 4-point flexural strengths, based on statistical flaw distribution factors.5.5 Test Method B (with a specified specimen size and a 4-point-1/4 point flexure loading geometry) is widely used in industry for cordierite and silicon carbide honeycomb structures with small cell size (cell pitch ~2 mm). Test Method B is provided as a standard test geometry that provides a baseline specimen size for honeycomb structures with appropriate properties and cell size with the benefit of experimental repeatability, reproducibility and comparability. (See 9.3 for details on Test Method B.)NOTE 2: Specific fixture and specimen configurations were chosen for Test Method B to provide a balance between practical configurations and linear cell count effect limits and to permit ready comparison of data without the need for Weibull-size scaling.5.6 The calculation of the flexure stress in these porous specimens is based on small deflection elastic beam theory with assumptions that (1) the material properties are isotropic and homogeneous, (2) the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and (3) the material is linearly elastic. If the porous material in the walls of the honeycomb is not specifically anisotropic in microstructure, it is also assumed that the microstructure of the wall material is uniform and isotropic. To understand the effects of some of these assumptions, see Baratta et al. (6).NOTE 3: These assumptions may limit the application of the test to comparative type testing such as used for material development, quality control, and flexure specifications. Such comparative testing requires consistent and standardized test conditions both for specimen geometry and porosity architecture, as well as experimental conditions—loading geometries, strain rates, and atmospheric/test conditions.5.7 Three flexure strength values (defined in Section 3 and calculated in Section 11) may be calculated in this test method. They are the nominal beam strength, the wall fracture strength, and the honeycomb structure strength.5.7.1 Nominal Beam Strength—The first approach to calculating a flexure strength is to make the simplifying assumption that the specimen acts as a uniform homogeneous material that reacts as a continuum. Based on these assumptions, a nominal beam strength SNB can be calculated using the standard flexure strength equations with the specimen dimensions and the breaking force. (See Section 11.)5.7.1.1 A linear cell count effect (specimen size-cell count effect) has been noted in research on the flexure strength of ceramic honeycomb test specimens (7, 8). If the cell size is too large with respect to the specimen dimensions and if the linear cell count (the integer number of cells along the shortest cross-sectional dimension) is too low (<15), channel porosity has a geometric effect on the moment of inertia that produces an artificially high value for the nominal beam strength. (See Appendix X1.) With the standard elastic beam equations the strength value is overestimated, because the true moment of inertia of the open cell structure is not accounted for in the calculation.5.7.1.2 This overestimate becomes increasingly larger for specimens with lower linear cell counts. The linear cell count has to be 15 or greater for the calculated nominal beam strength, SNB, to be within a 10 % overestimate of the wall fracture strength SWF.NOTE 4: The study by Webb, Widjaja, and Helfinstine (7) showed that for cells with a square cross section a minimum linear cell count of 15 should be maintained to minimize linear cell count effects on the calculated nominal beam strength. (This study is summarized in Appendix X1.)5.7.1.3 For those smaller test specimens (where the linear cell count is between 2 and 15), equations for wall fracture strength and honeycomb structure strength are given in Section 11. These equations are used to calculate a more accurate value for the flexure strength of the honeycomb, as compared to the calculated nominal beam strength.5.7.2 Wall Fracture Strength, SWF, is calculated using the true moment of inertia of the honeycomb architecture, based on the geometry, dimensions, cell wall thickness, and linear count of the channels in the honeycomb structure. The wall fracture strength is a calculation of the true failure stress in the outer fiber surface of the specimen. (Appendix X1 describes the calculation as cited in the Webb, Widjaja, and Helfinstine (7) report). Section 11 on calculations gives the formula for calculating the moment of inertia for test specimens with square honeycomb channels and uniform cell wall thickness.NOTE 5: The moment of inertia formula given in Section 11 and Appendix X1 is only applicable to square cell geometries. It is not suitable for rectangular, circular, hexagonal, or triangular geometries. Formulas for those geometries have to be developed from geometric analysis and first principles.5.7.3 Honeycomb Structure Strength, SHS, is calculated from the wall fracture strength SWF. This calculation gives a flexure strength value which is independent of specimen-cell size geometry effects. The honeycomb structure strength value can be used for comparison of different specimen geometries with different channel sizes. It also gives a flexure strength value that can be used for stress models that assume continuum strength. (See Appendix X1.) Section 11 on calculations gives the formula for calculating the honeycomb structure strength for test specimens with square honeycomb channels and uniform cell wall thickness.5.7.4 The following recommendations are made for calculating a flexure strength for the ceramic honeycomb test specimens.5.7.4.1 For flexure test specimens where the linear cell count is 15 or greater, the nominal beam strength SNB calculation and the honeycomb structure strength SHS are roughly equivalent in value (within 10 %). The nominal beam strength SNB calculation can be used considering this variability.5.7.4.2 For flexure test specimens where the linear cell count is between 5 and 15, the nominal beam strength SNB calculation may produce a 10 % to 20 % overvalue. The SNB value should be used with caution.5.7.4.3 For flexure test specimens where the linear cell count is less than 5, the nominal beam strength SNB calculation may produce a 20 % to 100 % overvalue. It is recommended that the honeycomb structure strength SHS be calculated and used as a more accurate flexure strength number.5.7.4.4 If specimen availability and test configuration permit, test specimens with a linear cell count of 15 or greater are preferred to reduce the specimen linear cell count effect on nominal beam strength SNB to less than 10 %.5.8 Flexure test data for porous ceramics will have a statistical distribution, which may be analyzed and described by Weibull statistics, per Practice C1239.5.9 This flexure test can be used as a characterization tool to assess the effects of fabrication variables, geometry and microstructure variations, and environmental exposure on the mechanical properties of the honeycombs. The effect of these variables is assessed by flexure testing a specimen set in a baseline condition and then testing a second set of specimens with defined changes in geometry or fabrication methods or after controlled environmental exposure.5.9.1 Geometry and microstructure variations would include variations in cell geometry (shape dimensions, cell wall thickness, and count) and wall porosity (percent, size, shape, morphology, etc.).5.9.2 Fabrication process variations would include forming parameters, drying and binder burn-out conditions, sintering conditions, heat treatments, variations in coatings, etc.5.9.3 Environmental conditioning would include extended exposure at different temperatures and different corrosive atmospheres (including steam).5.10 This flexure test may be used to assess the thermal shock resistance of the honeycomb ceramics, as described in Test Method C1525.5.11 The flexure test is not the preferred method for determining the Young's modulus of these porous structures. (For this reason, the deflection of the flexure test bar is not commonly measured in this test.) Young's modulus measurements by sonic resonance (Test Method C1198) or by impulse excitation (Test Method C1259) give more reliable and repeatable data.5.12 It is beyond the scope of this standard to require fractographic analysis at the present time. Fractographic analysis for critical flaws in porous honeycomb ceramics is extremely difficult and of very uncertain value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength (modulus of rupture in bending) at ambient conditions of advanced ceramic structures with 2-dimensional honeycomb channel architectures.1.2 The test method is focused on engineered ceramic components with longitudinal hollow channels, commonly called “honeycomb” channels (see Fig. 1). The components generally have 30 % or more porosity and the cross-sectional dimensions of the honeycomb channels are on the order of 1 mm or greater. Ceramics with these honeycomb structures are used in a wide range of applications (catalytic conversion supports (1),2 high temperature filters (2, 3), combustion burner plates (4), energy absorption and damping (5), etc.). The honeycomb ceramics can be made in a range of ceramic compositions—alumina, cordierite, zirconia, spinel, mullite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, graphite, and carbon. The components are produced in a variety of geometries (blocks, plates, cylinders, rods, rings).FIG. 1 General Schematics of Typical Honeycomb Ceramic Structures1.3 The test method describes two test specimen geometries for determining the flexural strength (modulus of rupture) for a porous honeycomb ceramic test specimen (see Fig. 2):FIG. 2 Flexure Loading ConfigurationsL = Outer Span Length (for Test Method A, L = User defined; for Test Method B, L = 90 mm)NOTE 1: 4-Point-1/4 Loading for Test Methods A1 and B.NOTE 2: 3-Point Loading for Test Method A2.1.3.1 Test Method A—A 4-point or 3-point bending test with user-defined specimen geometries, and1.3.2 Test Method B—A 4-point-1/4 point bending test with a defined rectangular specimen geometry (13 mm × 25 mm × > 116 mm) and a 90 mm outer support span geometry suitable for cordierite and silicon carbide honeycombs with small cell sizes.1.4 The test specimens are stressed to failure and the breaking force value, specimen and cell dimensions, and loading geometry data are used to calculate a nominal beam strength, a wall fracture strength, and a honeycomb structure strength.1.5 Test results are used for material and structural development, product characterization, design data, quality control, and engineering/production specifications.1.6 The test method is meant for ceramic materials that are linear-elastic to failure in tension. The test method is not applicable to polymer or metallic porous structures that fail in an elastomeric or an elastic-ductile manner.1.7 The test method is defined for ambient testing temperatures. No directions are provided for testing at elevated or cryogenic temperatures.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (IEEE/ASTM SI 10). English units are sparsely used in this standard for product definitions and tool descriptions, per the cited references and common practice in the US automotive industry.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method measures the concentration of cellular-ATP present in the sample. ATP is a constituent of all living cells, including bacteria and fungi. Consequently, the presence of cellular-ATP is an indicator of total metabolically active microbial contamination in fuels. ATP is not associated with matter of non-biological origin.5.2 This test method is similar to Test Method E2694 except for the volumes sampled.5.3 This test method differs from Test Method D4012 in that it utilizes filtration and wash steps designed to eliminate interferences that have historically rendered ATP testing unusable with complex organic fluids such as fuel and fuel-associated water.5.4 This test method differs from Test Method D7463 in several regards:5.4.1 Test Method D7463 reports relative light units (RLU). Consistent with Test Methods D4012 and E2694, this test method reports ATP concentration.5.4.2 This test method detects only cellular-ATP and it can be used to detect cellular-ATP in fuels and fuel stocks from which small quantities of water do not separate readily (for example, ethanol blended gasoline containing ≥5 % v/v ethanol). Test Method D7463 cannot be used to recover ATP from fuels from which small quantities of water do not separate readily (for example, ethanol blended gasoline containing ≥5 % v/v ethanol).5.4.3 This test method measures cellular-ATP in a single measurement (as pg ATP/mL). Test Method D7463 detects total ATP (as RLU) and extra-cellular ATP (as RLU) using two separate analyses and permits computation of cellular-ATP (as RLU) as the difference between total and extracellular ATP.5.4.4 Test Method D7463 suggests a nominal 500 mL fuel sample volume. This test method suggests a nominal 20 mL fuel sample.5.5 This test method can be used with all fuels specified in Specifications D396, D975, D1655, D2069, D2880, D3699, D6751, and D7467 and other fuels with nominal viscosities ≤75 cSt at 20° ± 2°.5.6 The ATP test provides rapid test results that reflect the total bioburden in the sample. It thereby reduces the delay between test initiation and data capture, from the 36 h to 48 h (or longer) required for culturable colonies to become visible, to approximately 5 min.5.7 Although ATP data generally covary with culture data in fuel and fuel-associated water, different factors affect ATP concentration than those that affect culturability.5.7.1 Culturability is affected primarily by the ability of captured microbes to proliferate on the growth medium provided, under specific growth conditions. Consequently, a proportion of the active or inactive microbial population present in a sample may be viable but not detected by any one culture test.45.7.2 ATP concentration is affected by: the microbial species present, the physiological states of those species, and the total bioburden (see Appendix X1).5.7.2.1 One example of the species effect is that the amount of ATP per cell is substantially greater for active fungal cells than bacteria.5.7.2.2 Within a species, cells that are more metabolically active will have more ATP per cell than dormant cells, such as fungal spores. Because fungal spores are more hydrophobic than active fungal material (mycelium), spores may be the only indicator of fungal proliferation when fuel samples are taken from some fuel systems, but they will not be detected by a test for ATP.5.7.2.3 The greater the total bioburden, the greater the ATP concentration in a sample.5.7.3 The possibility exists that the rinse step (11.15) may not eliminate all chemical substances that can interfere with the bioluminescence reaction (11.37).5.7.3.1 The presence of any such interferences can be evaluated by performing a standard addition test series or dilution series as described in Appendix X4. The precision statement in Section 13 will not apply.5.8 As explained in Test Method D7978, there are inherent difficulties in assessing precision of microbiological procedures for fuels on account of the inherent variability of the determinant and various determinable and indeterminable sources of inaccuracy (see Guide D7847).5.8.1 The precision of any microbiological analytical method will generally be considerably less than that of methods widely used in the petroleum industry for analysis of physical and chemical properties of fuels.1.1 This test method covers a protocol for capturing, extracting and quantifying the cellular adenosine triphosphate (cellular-ATP) content associated with microorganisms found in fuels and fuel-associated water.1.2 The ATP is measured using a bioluminescence enzyme assay, whereby light is generated in amounts proportional to the concentration of cellular-ATP in the samples. The light is produced and measured quantitatively as relative light units (RLU) which are converted by comparison with an ATP standard, computation to pg ATP/mL and optional further transformation to Log10[pg ATP/mL].1.3 This test method is equally suitable for use as a laboratory or portable method.1.4 This test method is limited to fuels with a nominal viscosity ≤75 cSt at test temperature.1.5 This test method detects ATP concentrations in the range of 5.0 pg ATP/mL (≈0.699 log10[pg ATP/mL]) to 100 000 pg ATP/mL (≈5.000 log10[pg ATP/mL]) for 20 mL samples of fuel and 20 pg ATP/mL (≈1.301 log10[pg ATP/mL]) to 400 000 pg ATP/mL (≈5.602 log10[pg ATP/mL]) for 5 mL samples of fuel-associated water.NOTE 1: These ranges were calculated with the formula for calculating sample ATP in pg/mL provided in 12.1 based on the minimum recommended RLU for a 1 ng/mL ATP standard when using the reagents specified in Section 7 and the luminometer specified in 6.4 and corrected with a reagent-method blank as determined in Appendix X5.1.6 Providing interferences can be overcome, bioluminescence is a reliable and proven method for qualifying and quantifying ATP. This test method does not differentiate between ATP from different sources, for example: from different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordance with the conditions described by this test method can be of considerable value in comparing their burning characteristics.5.2 This test method has been applied to flexible cellular materials and other plastics, but no detailed studies have been conducted to determine its general applicability to these materials.5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. This test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing relative extent and time of burning and loss of mass of rigid thermoset cellular plastics. This test method is to be used solely to establish relative burning characteristics.1.1.1 This test method shall not be used for materials that drip or melt under the test conditions.1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved which are potentially hazardous to personnel. Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the operator.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 1.2.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipes made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and a closed-cell cellular ABS core. The ABS plastics used to make the pipes shall only be either virgin or reworked as specfieid. Reprocessed or recycled plastics are excluded from this specification. The pipes shall meet specified requirements for dimension such as outside diameter, wall thickness, and length; and for performance such as pipe stiffness, lower confidence limit, flattening resistance, impact strength, bond strength, pigments or screening agents, and solvent cement.1.1 This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) and produced by the coextrusion process with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and the core consisting of closed-cell cellular ABS. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.1.2 Fittings suitable for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1. Fittings meeting the requirement of Specification D2661 are also acceptable.1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic which does not meet the definitions of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.4 is excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic which meets the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3 is acceptable.1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车