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5.1 Extraction of organic pollutants from wastes can provide information on the susceptibility of compounds to leeching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.5.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of organic solvents, reduces sample extraction times.5.3 Small amounts of solvents (30 mL) are used resulting in reduced sample preparation cost and time.1.1 This practice describes the closed vessel microwave extraction of soils, sediments, sludges, and wastes for subsequent determination of solvent extractable semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds by such techniques as gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.1.1.1 Compounds listed in Tables 1–5 can be extracted from the preceding materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples that will pass through a 10-mesh (approximately 2-mm opening) screen.1.3 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each compound is dependent on the gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 For the middle distillates whose boiling range is between 170 °C and 400 °C by such distillation methods like Test Method D2887, Procedure A can separate and determine the content of total aromatics and total nonaromatics by SPE and GC analysis of the resulting fractions. The determination of the total content of saturates and aromatics in petroleum middle distillates is useful to investigate the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels.5.2 The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are important to characterize the quality of diesel fuels. This test method is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly by reducing the amount of reagent consumption and avoiding the necessity of solvent evaporation step as required, for example, in such Test Method D2549.5.3 The determination of detailed hydrocarbon composition by mass spectrometry requires a preliminary separation of the sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics, as in Test Method D2425, where Test Method D2549 is used to separate the distillate fuel. The SPE fractionation procedure described herein may provide a suitable fractionation alternative approach for these mass spectrometric types of methods.5.4 Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel. Procedure B can provide a separation and determination technique to monitor the FAME content for FAME biodiesel blends.1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil between 170 °C and 400 °C, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME, by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle distillates fuel, and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by mass and biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of 0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction, and they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector) relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined content of FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.2.5).1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usually less than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of this test method and will not interfere with the determination of FAME by Procedure B. As a result, biodiesel blends, conforming to the requirements of Specification D7467, containing up to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the requirements in Specification D6751, typically contain concentrations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The diglycerides and triglycerides, if present, are not detected under the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling points.NOTE 1: If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a sample contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated FAME fraction may be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in Specification D6751 may contaminate the GC column and not recommended for this test method.1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This is a performance-based method, and modifications are allowed to improve performance.5.1.1 Due to the rapid development of newer instrumentation and column chemistries, changes to the analysis described in this standard are allowed as long as better or equivalent performance data result. Any modifications shall be documented and performance data generated. The user of the data generated by this standard shall be made aware of these changes and given the performance data demonstrating better or equivalent performance.5.2 Organophosphate pesticides affect the nervous system by disrupting the enzyme that regulates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. They were developed during the early 19th century, but their effects on insects, which were similar to their effects on humans, were discovered in 1932. Some are poisonous and were used as chemical weapon agents. Organophosphate pesticides are usually not persistent in the environment.7,85.3 This test method is for the analysis of selected organophosphorous based pesticide degradation products.5.4 This method has been investigated for use with various soils.1.1 This procedure covers the determination of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate (DIMP), Ethyl Methylphosphonic Acid (EMPA), Isopropyl Methylphosphonic Acid (IMPA), Methylphosphonic Acid (MPA), and Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid (PMPA), referred to collectively as organophosphonates (OPs) in this test method, in soil. This method is based upon solvent extraction of a soil by pressurized fluid extraction (PFE). The extract is filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). OPs are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The method detection limit2 (MDL), electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, and reporting range3 for the OPs are listed in Table 1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solid phase micro extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from an aqueous matrix or its headspace. Solid sorbent extraction is used as the initial step in the extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying or screening for extractable organic compounds.5.2 Typical detection limits that can be achieved using SPME techniques with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (MS) range from mg/L to μg/L. The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the aqueous matrix, the fiber phase, the sample temperature, sample volume, sample mixing, and the determinative technique employed.5.3 SPME has the advantages of speed, no desorption solvent, simple extraction device, and the use of small amounts of sample.5.3.1 Extraction devices vary from a manual SPME fiber holder to automated commercial device specifically designed for SPME.5.3.2 Listed below are examples of organic compounds that can be determined by this practice. This list includes both high and low boiling compounds.Volatile Organic Compounds (1-3)3Pesticides, General (4, 5)Organochlorine Pesticides (6)Organophosphorous Pesticides (7, 8)Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (9, 10)Polychlorinated Biphenyls (10)Phenols (11)Nitrophenols (12)Amines (13)5.3.3 SPME may be used to screen water samples prior to purge and trap extraction to determine if dilution is necessary, thereby eliminating the possibility of trap overload.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water and its headspace using solid phase micro extraction (SPME).1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater affinity for the SPME-absorbent polymer or adsorbent or combinations of these than the water or headspace phase in which they reside.1.3 Not all of the analytes that can be determined by SPME are addressed in this practice. The applicability of the absorbent polymer, adsorbent, or combination thereof, to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use.1.4 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for quantitative or qualitative analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).1.5 Where used, it is the responsibility of the user to validate the application of SPME to the analysis of interest.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The prepreg volatiles content, matrix content, reinforcement content, and filler content of composite prepreg materials are used to control material manufacture and subsequent fabrication processes, and are key parameters in the specification and production of such materials, as well as in the fabrication of products made with such materials.5.2 The extraction products resulting from this test method (the extract, the residue, or both) can be analyzed to assess chemical composition and degree of purity.1.1 This test method covers a Soxhlet extraction procedure to determine the matrix content, reinforcement content, and filler content of composite material prepreg. Volatiles content, if appropriate, and required, is determined by means of Test Method D3530.1.1.1 The reinforcement and filler must be substantially insoluble in the selected extraction reagent and any filler must be capable of being separated from the reinforcement by filtering the extraction residue.1.1.2 Reinforcement and filler content test results are total reinforcement content and total filler content; hybrid material systems with more than one type of either reinforcement or filler cannot be distinguished.1.2 This test method focuses on thermosetting matrix material systems for which the matrix may be extracted by an organic solvent. However, other, unspecified, reagents may be used with this test method to extract other matrix material types for the same purposes.1.3 Alternate techniques for determining matrix and reinforcement content include Test Methods D3171 (matrix digestion), D2584 (matrix burn-off/ignition), and D3529 (matrix dissolution and ignition loss). Test Method D2584 is preferred for reinforcement materials, such as glass, quartz, or silica, that are unaffected by high-temperature environments.1.4 The technical content of this standard has been stable since 1997 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this standard, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards. The standard therefore should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1997. Future maintenance of the standard will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9 and 7.2.3 and 8.2.1.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Residual fuel oils can contain H2S in the liquid phase, and this can result in hazardous vapor phase levels of H2S in storage tank headspaces. The vapor phase levels can vary significantly according to the headspace volume, fuel temperature, and agitation. Measurement of H2S levels in the liquid phase provides a useful indication of the residual fuel oil’s propensity to form high vapor phase levels, and lower levels in the residual fuel oil will directly reduce risk of H2S exposure. It is critical, however, that anyone involved in handling fuel oil, such as vessel owners and operators, continue to maintain appropriate safety practices designed to protect the crew, tank farm operators and others who can be exposed to H2S.5.1.1 The measurement of H2S in the liquid phase is appropriate for product quality control, while the measurement of H2S in the vapor phase is appropriate for health and safety purposes.5.2 This test method was developed so refiners, fuel terminal operators and independent testing laboratory personnel can analytically measure the amount of H2S in the liquid phase of residual fuel oils.NOTE 1: Test Method D6021 is one of three test methods for quantitatively measuring H2S in residual fuels:1) Test Method D5705 is a simple field test method for determining H2S levels in the vapor phase.2) Test Method D7621 is a rapid test method to determine H2S levels in the liquid phase.5.3 H2S concentrations in the liquid and vapor phase attempt to reach equilibrium in a static system. However, this equilibrium and the related liquid and vapor concentrations can vary greatly depending on temperature and the chemical composition of the liquid phase. A concentration of 1 mg/kg (μg/g) (ppmw) of H2S in the liquid phase of a residual fuel can typically generate an actual gas concentration of >50 μL/L(ppmv) to 100 μL/L(ppmv) of H2S in the vapor phase, but the equilibrium of the vapor phase is disrupted the moment a vent or access point is opened to collect a sample.NOTE 2: Because of the reactivity, absorptivity, and volatility of H2S any measurement method only provides an H2S concentration at a given moment in time.1.1 This test method covers a method suitable for measuring the total amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in heavy distillates, heavy distillate/residual fuel blends, or residual fuels as defined in Specification D396 Grade 4, 5 (Light), 5 (Heavy), and 6, when the H2S concentration in the fuel is in the 0.01 μg/g (ppmw) to 100 μg/g (ppmw) range.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.5, 8.2, 9.2, 10.1.4, and 11.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These extraction procedures are the initial part of several test procedures used in the biocompatibility screening of plastics or other materials used in medical devices.5.2 The limitations of the results obtained from this practice should be recognized. The choices of the extraction vehicle, duration of immersion, and temperature of the test are necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of various plastics or other materials to extraction vehicles.5.3 Correlation of test results with the actual performance or serviceability of materials is necessarily dependent upon the similarity between the testing and end-use conditions (see 12.1.2 and Note 7).5.4 Caution should be exercised in the understanding and intent of this practice as follows:5.4.1 No allowance or distinction is made for variables such as end-use application and duration of use. Decisions on selection of tests to be done should be made based on Practice F748.5.4.2 This practice was originally designed for use with nonporous, solid materials. Its application for other materials, such as those that are porous, absorptive (for example, sponge-like materials that are capable of absorbing liquid), or resorptive, should be considered with caution. Consideration should be given to altering the specified material-to-liquid ratio to allow additional liquid to fully hydrate the material and additional liquid or other methods to fully submerge the test specimen. Additional procedures that fully remove the extract liquid from the test specimen, such as pressure or physically squeezing the material, should also be considered as appropriate. Although no definitions are given in this practice for the following terms, such items as extraction vehicle surface tension at the specified extraction condition and test specimen physical structure should be taken into account.NOTE 1: While there are no standardized methods available at present for determining the solvent absorption capacity of an absorptive device or material, a suggested protocol is as follows:– Determine the volume of extraction vehicle that each 0.1 g or 1.0 cm2 of device/material absorbs;– then, in performing the extraction, add this additional volume to each 0.1 g or 1.0 cm2 in an extraction mixture.5.5 Test Methods D570 and D1239 and Practices D543 may be useful in providing supplemental information.1.1 This practice covers methods of extraction of medical plastics and may be applicable to other materials. This practice identifies a method for obtaining “extract liquid” for use in determining the biological response in preclinical testing. Further testing of the “extract liquid” is specified in other ASTM standards. The extract may undergo chemical analysis as part of the preclinical evaluation of the biological response, and the material after extraction may also be examined.1.2 This practice may be used for, but is not limited to, the following areas: partial evaluation of raw materials, auditing materials within the manufacturing process, and testing final products. This practice may also be used as a reference method for the measurement of extractables in plastics used in medical devices. In general, it is the responsibility of the user of the standard to determine if the methods described in this standard are appropriate for the materials in their device.1.3 This practice was initially developed for extraction of medical plastics not intended to undergo degradation or absorption during normal medical device usage. When applied to the extraction of absorbable materials, additional considerations may be necessary in the selection of extraction procedures and fluids.1.4 For assessment of compatibility of the Single-use System material with the cell culture medium or the manufacturing processes used for cell-based therapeutics, vaccines, cell-based diagnostics, or other biopharmaceutical products, the user should refer to Guide E3231.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.4.1.1 This practice is not intended to be used as a kinetic test to simulate weathering of ore, metal mining, and metallurgical processing wastes. For kinetic testing of ore, metal mining, and metallurgical processing wastes, refer to Test Method D5744 to determine release rates for constituents of interest. For static testing of metal mining ore and metal mining or metallurgical processing waste materials, refer to Test Methods E1915 and D6234. If the conditions of this practice are not suitable for the test material, Test Method E2242 may be used, if applicable to the ore or waste.4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field, or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.4.3 This practice is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.4.4 The intent of this practice is that the final pH of the extract reflects the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste.4.5 The intent of this practice is that the water extraction simulates conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract.4.6 The practice produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.4.6.1 This practice has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in metal mining and metallurgical processing wastes.4.7 The practice has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.1.1.1 This practice includes a procedure for the shake leaching of metal mining ore, waste rock, or metallurgical processing waste containing at least 80 % dry solids (≤20 % moisture) in order to generate a solution to be used to determine the inorganic constituents leached under the specified testing conditions and for regulatory jurisdictions requiring a water leach practice.1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a known mass of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.1.2.1 This practice is intended to describe the procedure for performing single-batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling, sample preservation, and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is useful when oils and fats are suspected as an ignition source or a fuel source in a fire.4.1.1 The identification of oil and fat residues in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator’s opinion regarding the origin and cause of the fire.4.1.2 The positive identification of fatty acid(s) does not necessarily mean that the fire was caused by self heating.4.2 This test method specifically identifies fatty acid derivatives. Oils and fats are comprised primarily of triglycerides (which are fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone), and some free fatty acids. Free fatty acids and triglycerides are not easily analyzed by the traditional ignitable liquid extraction techniques. Solvent extraction and derivatization to FAME will enable identification by GC-MS.4.2.1 The identification of an individual fatty acid in fire debris samples does not confirm the presence of oils or fats; however, there are times when large quantities of the oil or fat may be extracted. In such cases a more positive identification can be made.4.2.2 Oils and fats containing fatty acids with no double bonds will generally have no tendency to self-heat. With increasing unsaturation (1, 2, and 3 double bonds), the tendency to self-heat also increases, such that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as C18:3, have a high tendency to self-heat.4.3 This test method is a sensitive separation technique and can detect quantities as small as 3 µL of oil or fat residue in an extract from a debris sample.4.4 This test method shall be performed after all required traditional testing for ignitable liquid residues is completed.4.5 This test method extracts liquids and residues from porous and nonporous materials of various sizes.4.6 This test method can be hampered by coincident extraction of interfering compounds present in the fire debris samples.4.7 This is a destructive technique and whenever possible the entire sample should not be used for the procedure. It is recommended that visual inspection be used to locate portions or areas exhibiting potential oily residue for sub-sampling which would preserve remaining portions for further analyses and also minimize solvent waste. The solvent extracted portions of the sample are not suitable for resampling.4.8 Alternate methods of extraction, derivatization, or analysis exist and may be suitable for use in obtaining similar results and conclusions.4.9 Biodiesel, an ignitable liquid, is a trans-esterified product containing FAMEs. The FAME compounds in biodiesel can be detected in fire debris using many fire debris extraction techniques followed directly by GC-MS analysis. Derivatization is not necessary to identify the FAMEs in biodiesel.4.10 For more information on oils, FAME, and fire debris analysis, see the references listed.3, 4, 5, 61.1 This test method covers the extraction, derivatization, and identification of fatty acids indicative of vegetable oils and fats in fire debris and liquid samples. This procedure will also extract animal oils and fats, as these are similar in chemical composition to vegetable oils and fats. Herein, the phrase “oils and fats” will be used to refer to both animal and vegetable derived oils and fats.1.2 This test method is suitable for successfully extracting oil and fat residues having 8 to 24 carbon atoms.1.3 The identification of a specific type of oil (for example, olive, corn, linseed) requires a quantitative analysis of the fatty acid esters and is beyond the scope of this test method.1.4 This test method cannot replace the requisite knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车