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4.1 Because of concerns for safety and the protection of nuclear materials from theft, stringent specifications are placed on chemical processes and the chemical and physical properties of nuclear materials. Strict requirements for the control and accountability of nuclear materials are imposed on the users of those materials. Therefore, when analyses are made by a laboratory to support a project such as the fabrication of nuclear fuel materials, various performance requirements may be imposed on the laboratory. One such requirement is often the use of qualified methods. Their use gives greater assurance that the data produced will be satisfactory for the intended use of those data. A qualified method will help assure that the data produced will be comparable to data produced by the same qualified method in other laboratories.4.2 This guide provides guidance for qualifying measurement methods and for maintaining qualification. Even though all practices would be used for most qualification programs, there may be situations in which only a selected portion would be required. Care should be taken, however, that the effectiveness of qualification is not reduced when applying these practices selectively. The recommended practices in this guide are generic; based on these practices, specific actions should be developed to establish a qualification program.1.1 This guide provides guidance for selecting, validating, and qualifying measurement methods when qualification is required for a specific program. The recommended practices presented in this guide provide a major part of a quality assurance program for the laboratory data (see Fig. 1). Qualification helps to assure that the data produced will meet established requirements.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to supplement the methods and procedures described in Test Methods D5084. When following the recommendations in this guide to test paper sludges, all assumptions and limitations described in Test Methods D5084 apply.4.2 This guide only applies to hydraulic conductivity tests on paper industry sludges where one-dimensional laminar flow of water is imposed using a flexible-wall permeameter.4.3 The hydraulic conductivity of sludges, and other porous materials, generally decreases as the degree of water saturation decreases. This guide applies only to water-saturated sludge containing negligible amounts of gas.4.4 This guide applies only to permeation of paper industry sludges with water. Information on testing porous materials with liquids other than water can be found in Test Method D7100.4.5 The hydraulic conductivity of paper sludge measured in the laboratory following Test Methods D5084 and the recommendations in this guide may or may not be comparable to the hydraulic conductivity of in-place sludge. The issue has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the results should be applied to field situations with caution and by qualified personnel.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced when using the recommendations in this guide depends on the competence of the personnel performing the testing and the suitability of the equipment and facilities that are employed. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this guide are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Paper industry sludges are industrial by-products derived from wastewater treatment operations at plants associated with the manufacturing of paper. These sludges typically consist of clay and organic matter. They may also contain low levels of inorganic and organic contaminants and can be rich in microbes. Traditionally, paper industry sludges have been disposed in municipal solid waste landfills or solid waste monofills. However, in the interest of sustainability, applications are being developed where sludges can be used beneficially. One application is using sludge to construct hydraulic barriers (for example, for use in a landfill cap). Such applications generally require that the hydraulic conductivity of the sludge be measured.1.2 Compacted paper industry sludges generally behave like soils and are amenable to geotechnical testing methods. However, several of their attributes require special attention during testing. Compacted industry sludges generally are highly compressible due to their organic component. Thus, their hydraulic conductivity can be more sensitive to the effective stress and hydraulic gradient applied during testing than most soils. The microbes in paper sludge can also produce gas during testing, confounding testing methods.1.3 This guide is intended to supplement ASTM D5084, Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter. The purpose of the guide is to provide additional guidance on issues relevant to testing sludges using Test Methods D5084. The guide applies to specimens compacted in the laboratory using procedures such as those described in Test Methods D698 and D1557 or undisturbed specimens collected from the field using procedures such as Practice D1587/D1587M or Practice D7015/D7015M.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard contains a hazards section regarding the use of biocides (Section 10).1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 IRMs are vitally important in product and specification testing, in research and development work, in technical service work, and in quality control operations in the rubber and carbon black industries. They are especially valuable for referee purposes. Many ASTM rubber standards for the evaluation of natural or synthetic rubber require the use of specific IRMs in their test recipes for better laboratory repeatability and reproducibility.3.2 New material lots that have been selected as candidates for IRM approval shall conform to the appropriate specifications given in this standard and meet requirements given in Practice D4678 before the lots may be accepted as IRMs.3.3 The chemical and physical IRM specifications shown will ensure some consistency in IRM properties from one lot to the next. However, the specifications cannot ensure exact inter-lot consistency.AbstractThis specification covers the chemical and physical quality specifications or requirements, or both, for Industry Reference Materials (IRMs) as cited in a certain practice and other standards. IRMs as evaluated and referenced in the said certain practice are vitally important to conduct product, specification and development testing in the rubber and carbon black industries. IRMs are vitally important in product and specification testing, in research and development work, in technical service work, and in quality control operations in the rubber and carbon black industries. They are especially valuable for referee purposes. Many ASTM rubber standards for the evaluation of natural or synthetic rubber require the use of specific IRMs in their test recipes for better laboratory repeatability and reproducibility. Some of the chemicals or materials specified include tetramethyl thiuram disulfide, benzothiazyl disulfide, N-tert-butyl-benzothiazole sulfenamide, stearic acid, sulfur, naphthenic process oil, zinc oxide, butyl rubber, petroleum oil, ammoniated latex antigenic protein, and rabbit anti AL antisera.1.1 This specification covers the chemical and physical quality specifications or requirements, or both, for Industry Reference Materials (IRMs) as cited in Practice D4678 and other standards.1.2 IRMs, as evaluated and referenced in Practice D4678, are vitally important to conduct product, specification, and development testing in the rubber and carbon black industries.1.3 Before a new lot of material can be accepted as an IRM, it must comply with the specifications prescribed in this specification. However, these specifications are only part of the requirements. Other requirements as given in Practice D4678 shall be met before a candidate material can be formally accepted as an IRM.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This standard covers terminology used by the E55 Committee relating to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry for manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products. Terms that are generally understood and in common usage or adequately defined in other readily available references are not included except where particular delineation to pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing may be more clearly stated.1.2 This terminology is, therefore, intended to be selective of terms used generally in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products and published in a number of documents such as those listed in the succeeding section. The listing is also intended to define terms that appear prominently within other related ASTM International standards and do not appear elsewhere.1.3 The definitions are substantially identical to those published by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (Japan), other and national competent authorities (human) as well as other authoritative bodies, such as ICH, ISO, and national standards organizations.1.4 This terminology supplements current documents on terminology that concentrate on the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products.1.5 An increasing number of product designations and designations for chemical, physical, mechanical, analytical, and statistical tests and standards are coming into common usage in the literature, regulatory environment, and commerce associated with the manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to be used to assess competencies of qualified individuals who wish to become (a) certified in basic aircraft certification knowledge and (b) those who wish to earn advanced degrees as an aerospace engineering certification specialist through an accredited collegiate program.4.2 This guide is intended to be used in concert with a certification provider’s structure and materials for management, exam delivery, and candidate preparation.4.3 This can also be an educational steppingstone to becoming an individual designee or an organizational delegation authority unit member (UM), or both.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to address the fundamental subject and content knowledge requirements and outcomes of aircraft certification educational training courses for engineers and professionals in the aerospace industry. The content may be more broadly applicable. The standards envisioned within this guide are intended to be usable globally.1.2 Background—The standards envisioned within this guide are intended to be usable globally. There are certification requirements specific to each country’s respective civil aviation authority (CAA) (for example, published guidance from applicable CAA) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For example, some engineering approval processes vary from country to country. Regardless of an engineering process’s name or description, to the maximum extent possible, the standards to be developed from this guide should account for engineering approvals that support aircraft certification globally.1.2.1 Through education standards that are created and accepted by CAAs and industry, engineers and professionals in the aerospace industry will have the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully carry out aircraft design certification projects using these standards for professional training and curriculum accreditation. Compliance data will be developed by engineers who have gained foundational knowledge in aircraft certification through training developed according to globally recognized consensus standards.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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