定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 193元 / 折扣价： 165 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice has been developed in support of the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology by the Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).5.2 Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The prominent source of NP and OP is from common commercial surfactants which are longer chain APEOs. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The APEOs are readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This practice screens for the longer chain APEOs which may enter the STP at elevated levels and may cause a STP to violate its permitted discharge concentration of nonylphenol.1.1 This practice covers the determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using direct injection liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. This is a screening practice with qualified quantitative data to check for the presence of longer chain ethoxylates in a water sample.1.1.1 All data are qualified because neat standards of each alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) are not available and the synthesis and characterization of these neat standards would be very expensive. The Igepal2 brand standards, which contain a mixture of various chain lengths of the alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), were used. The mixture was characterized in-house assuming the instrument response at an optimum electrospray ionization cone and collision voltage for each APEO was the same. This assumption, which may not be accurate, is used to determine qualified amounts of each ethoxylate in the standards. The n-Nonylphenol diethoxylate (n-NP2EO) surrogate was available as a neat characterized standard, therefore, this concentration and recovery data was not estimated. APEOs are not regulated by the EPA, but nonylphenol, a breakdown product of NPnEOs, is regulated for fresh and saltwater dischargers. A request by a sewage treatment plant (STP) was made to make this practice available through ASTM in order to screen for the influent or effluent from sources of APEOs coming into the STP. The interest lies in stopping the source of the longer chain APEOs from entering the STP in order to meet effluent guidelines. Based upon the above, this is a practice rather than a test method. A comparison between samples is possible using this practice to determine which has a higher concentration of APEOs.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.1.3 The estimated screening range shown in Table 1 was calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 and 7 calibration standards shown in Table 4. These numbers are qualified, as explained in Section 1, and must be reported as such. Figs. 1-5 show the SRM chromatograms of each analyte at the Level 1 concentration with the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. This is a screening practice and method detection limits are not given. The S/N ratio for each analyte at the Level 1 concentration must be at least 5:1 for adequate sensitivity. If the instrument can not meet the criteria, the screening limit must be raised to an acceptable level.FIG. 1 SRM Chromatograms NP3EO-NP8EOFIG. 2 SRM Chromatograms NP9EO-NP14EOFIG. 3 SRM Chromatograms NP15EO-NP18EO and n-NP2EOFIG. 4 SRM Chromatograms OP2EO-OP7EOFIG. 5 SRM Chromatograms OP8EO-OP12EO1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 Silver may be used to treat consumer textile products to provide enhanced antimicrobial (fungi, bacteria, viruses) properties (3, 4). At any point in a textile product’s lifecycle, there may be a need to measure the amount of silver present. This standard prescribes a test method based on ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis that manufacturers, producers, analysts, policymakers, regulators, and others may use for measurement of total silver in textiles. As described in Guide E3025, determination of total silver in a consumer textile product is one component of a tiered approach to determine if silver is present, possibly as nanomaterial(s) (one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale), prior to measuring the form and dimension of the Ag that is found. ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis alone is not sufficient to determine whether a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).NOTE 4: There are many different chemical and physical forms of silver that are used to treat textiles and an overview of this topic is provided in Guide E3025.5.2 As described in Guide E3025, the amount of silver in a textile can decrease over time as silver metal and silver compounds can react with oxygen and other oxidation-reduction (redox) active agents present in the environment to form soluble ionic species which are released by contact with moisture (for example, from ambient humidity, washing, body sweat, rain, or other sources). Hence, if silver is measured in a textile, the result may only be indicative of that moment in the article’s life cycle and great care is necessary in drawing temporal inferences from the results.5.3 If silver is measured by ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis, additional analyses are needed to elucidate the form of silver in the textile specimen. This step is necessary because ICP-OES or ICP-MS results are for total silver independent of chemical and physical form and textiles may be treated with silver in sizes that range from the nanoscale (for example, salt nanoparticles) to the micrometer scale (for example, particulates or fibers).5.4 If no silver is detected by ICP-OES, the more sensitive ICP-MS should be used to determine if silver is present in a test specimen. If no silver is detected in a textile sample using appropriate (fit for purpose) analytical techniques, then testing can be terminated.NOTE 5: Typical method detection limits are 0.6 µg Ag/L by ICP-OES and 0.002 µg Ag/L by ICP-MS which are comparable to limits successfully used to detect silver in a range of products, including sports textiles and wound dressings (2).5.5 Results of ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis may be qualitative or quantitative, depending upon the efficacy of the digestion procedure for the textile matrix. Regardless, ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to screen for the presence of silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent more detailed analyses as part of a tiered approach to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).1.1 This test method covers the use of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses for determination of the mass fraction of total silver in consumer textile products made of any combination of natural or manufactured fibers. Either ICP-OES or ICP-MS analysis is recommended as a first step to test for and quantify silver in a textile and results can be used to inform subsequent, more detailed analyses as part of the tiered approach described in Guide E3025 to determine if a textile contains silver nanomaterial(s).1.2 This test method prescribes acid digestion to prepare test sample solutions from samples of textiles utilizing an appropriate internal standard followed by external calibration and analysis with either ICP-OES or ICP-MS to quantify total silver.1.3 This test method is believed to provide quantitative results for textiles made of fibers of rayon, cotton, polyester, and lycra that contain metallic silver (see Section 17). It is the analyst’s responsibility to establish the efficacy (ability to achieve the planned and desired analytical result) of this test method for other textile matrices and forms of silver.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 Technetium-99 is produced by the fission of uranium and plutonium, and has been released to the environment via nuclear weapons testing and nuclear materials processing. In an oxidizing environment, it exists as the very mobile pertechnetate ion, TcO4–, which is an analog to nitrate and can be taken up by living organisms. Monitoring of 99Tc in waters around nuclear processing facilities is part of a complete environmental monitoring program.5.2 Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life 2.1E+5years), weak beta (maximum beta energy of 293 keV) emitting radioisotope. There are no stable isotopes of Tc. Thus the determination of its activity concentration presents unique challenges to traditional radiochemical determination methods. This method provides an alternative to the spiked/unspiked replicate method of Method D7168 and uses options presented in Guide C1387 for the determination of 99Tc in soil.1.1 Technetium is separated and concentrated from a water sample by extraction chromatography using its chemical analog, rhenium, as a tracer. The ratio of technetium to rhenium is measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to then quantify the 99Tc concentration.1.1.1 This practice is provided as an alternative to Test Method D7168 which provides for a different separation media geometry and measurement by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Similar detection limits should be attainable by this method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 Petroleum products may contain elements either in trace concentrations (for example, ng/g (ppb mass)) or in minor to major levels (ppm to mass %). These elements might be characteristic of the crude petroleum or might originate from specific inclusions of additives for beneficial effect in the refined product. Often, such additives have product specifications which control the quality of a product in commerce. Hence, it is important to determine these elements as accurately as possible. Other elements present at trace levels may be harmful to combustion engines causing wear or reduced performance, may cause poisoning of catalysts, or may be of environmental concern as combustion emissions. ICP-MS instrumentation is well-suited for determining these elements and is particularly useful for the determination of the trace level elements that may not be readily achieved by other techniques.5.2 Various elemental analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), for example, Test Method D3605 and D4628; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), for example, Test Methods D7111, D4951, and D5185; X-ray fluorescence (XRF), for example, Practice D7343, Test Method D7220, Test Methods D4927, and Test Method D6443; or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), for example, Test Method D6732 are used for this purpose. This test method is the first example where ICP-MS is used for elemental analysis of petroleum products.5.3 This test method covers the rapid determination of seven elements in distillate petroleum products. Test times approximate a few minutes per test specimen, and quantification for most elements is in the low to sub ng/g (ppb mass) range. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements that are difficult to determine by other techniques.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for the determination of trace elements in light and middle distillate petroleum products using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).1.2 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with knowledge of interpretation of spectral, isobaric, polyatomic, and matrix interferences, as well as procedures for their correction or reduction.1.3 The table in 6.1 lists elements for which the test method applies along with recommended isotope. Actual working detection limits are sample dependent and, as the sample matrix varies, these detection limits may also vary.1.4 The concentration range of this test method is typically from low to sub ng/g (ppb mass) to 1000 ng/g (ppb mass), however the precision and bias statement is specified for a smaller concentration range based on test samples analyzed in the ILS, see the table in Section 18. The test method may be used for concentrations outside of this range; however, the precision statements may not be applicable.1.4.1 This test method shall be further developed to extend that table to include additional elements.1.5 This test method uses metallo-organic standards (organometallic or organosoluble metal complex) for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent, and low results are obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers as these particles may settle out in the sample container and are not effectively transported through the sample introduction system.1.6 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional, appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.2, 8.7, and Section 9.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Ambient marine waters generally contain very low concentrations of toxic metals that require sensitive analytical methods, such as ICP-MS, to detect and measure the metal's concentrations.5.2 Due to the high dissolved salt concentrations present in seawater, sample pretreatment is required to remove signal suppression and significant polyatomic interferences due to the matrix both of which compromise detection limits.1.1 Toxic elements may be present in ambient waters and may enter the food chain via uptake by plants and animals; the actual concentrations of toxic metals are usually sub-ng/mL. The U.S. EPA has published its Water Quality Standards in the U.S. Federal Register 40 CFR 131.36, Minimum requirements for water quality standards submission, Ch. I (7-1-00 Edition), see Annex, Table A1.1. The U.S. EPA has also developed Method 1640 to meet these requirements, see Annex, Table A1.2.1.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) is a technique with sufficient sensitivity to routinely measure toxic elements in ambient waters, both fresh and saline (Test Method D5673). However saline and hard water matrices pose analytical challenges for direct multielement analysis by ICP-MS at the required sub-ng/mL levels.1.3 This practice describes a method used to prepare water samples for subsequent multielement analysis using ICP-MS. The practice is applicable to seawater and fresh water matrices, which may be filtered or digested. Samples prepared by this method have been analyzed by ICP-MS for the elements listed in Annex, Table A1.3).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for use in quality control laboratories where a quantitative analysis of adsorbed moisture on a PuO2 sample is desired.5.2 The parameters described should be considered as guidelines. They may be altered to suit a particular analysis or type of analyzer, provided the changes are validated by the laboratory and noted in the report.5.3 The quantity of an adsorbed gas on a given PuO2 sample may indicate specific quality or end use performance characteristics. Specific limits on moisture content, for example, are required in cases where PuO2 will be packaged and stored for extended periods of time.1.1 This test method provides necessary information to determine the total amount of moisture (physisorbed and chemisorbed water molecules) in a plutonium dioxide (PuO2) sample using a combination of thermogravimetric and mass spectrometric analyses. This test method is useful when performing analysis in cases where a maximum amount of moisture content in PuO2 samples has been agreed upon by interested parties. For example this method can be used to determine the moisture content of some types of PuO2 packaged to meet the requirements of DOE-STD-3013 (1),2 “Stabilization, Packaging, and Storage of Plutonium-Bearing Materials,” when such PuO2 meets the specifications given in this test method (2).1.2 This test method is applicable to PuO2 samples having the following characteristics: Plutonium mass fraction ≥ 83 % (the plutonium in the sample should be close to stoichiometric PuO2 which is approximately 88 wt% plutonium depending on the isotopic composition of the plutonium, but can have several weight percent impurities), moisture ≤1 %.1.3 The temperature range of test is typically room temperature to greater than 1000 °C. Typically the PuO2 is heated to 1100 °C.1.4 This test method utilizes an inert gas environment (argon, nitrogen, or helium).1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 674元 / 折扣价： 573 元 加购物车