定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 The method of attachment of roof tiles to the roof deck, or support structure, is one factor in the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to the action of wind. Several systems of attachment, and even combinations of systems, are used in the application of tile to a roof. The mechanical uplift resistance of the tile, when applied to the roof by any attachment system approved by, and in accordance with, the manufacturer's instructions, is a primary factor in the tile's resistance to the action of wind. This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance that is related to resistance to the uplift forces acting as a result of wind. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

This test method contains procedures using low-pressure air for testing the integrity of installed vitrified clay pipe lines such as gravity-flow sewer pipes. The procedures detailed here should be performed on lines after adequately and properly plugging and bracing connection laterals, if any, and after the trenches are backfilled for a sufficient time. This test method can also be used as a preliminary test to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.1.1 This test method defines procedures for testing vitrified clay pipe lines, using low-pressure air, to demonstrate the integrity of the installed line. Refer to Practice C12.1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after connection laterals, if any, have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressure, and after the trenches have been backfilled for a sufficient time to generate a significant portion of the ultimate trench load on the pipe line. The time between completion of the backfill operation and low-pressure air testing shall be determined by the approving authority.1.3 This test method may also be used as a preliminary test, which enables the installer to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.1.4 This test method is suitable for testing gravity-flow sewer pipe constructed of vitrified clay or combinations of clay and other pipe materials.1.5 Terminology C896 is to be used for clarification of terminology in this test method.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The procedure described in this test method for determination of the shear resistance for the GCL or the GCL interface is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.5.2 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of GCLs, but caution is advised as outlined in 5.2.1.5.2.1 The shear resistance can be expressed only in terms of actual test conditions (see Notes 2 and 3). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, material characteristics (for example, of the geosynthetic), soil properties, size of sample, moisture content, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters.NOTE 2: In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters. The method of test data interpretation for purposes of acceptance should be mutually agreed to by the users of this standard.NOTE 3: Testing under this test method should be performed by laboratories qualified in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D3740, especially since the test results may depend on site-specific and test conditions.5.2.2 This test method measures the total resistance to shear within a GCL or between a GCL and adjacent material. The total shear resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling, and interlocking of material components.5.2.3 This test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil and GCL used, method of material placement and hydration, normal and shear stresses applied, means used to hold the GCL in place, rate of horizontal displacement, and other factors. Every effort should be made to identify, as closely as is practicable, the sheared area and failure mode of the specimen. Care should be taken, including close visual inspection of the specimen after testing, to ensure that the testing conditions are representative of those being investigated.5.2.4 Information on precision between laboratories is incomplete. In cases of dispute, comparative tests to determine whether a statistical bias exists between laboratories may be advisable.5.3 The test results can be used in the design of GCL applications, including but not limited to, the design of liners and caps for landfills, cutoffs for dams, and other hydraulic barriers.5.4 The displacement at which peak strength and post-peak strength occur and the shape of the shear stress versus shear displacement curve may differ considerably from one test device to another due to differences in specimen mounting, gripping surfaces, and material preparation. The user of results from this standard is cautioned that results at a specified displacement may not be reproducible across laboratories and that the relative horizontal displacement measured in this test at peak strength may not match relative shear displacement at peak strength in a field condition.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the internal shear resistance of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or the interface shear resistance between the GCL and an adjacent material under a constant rate of deformation.1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions.1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See Test Method D5321/D5321M for interface shear testing of non-GCL geosynthetics. See Guide D7702/D7702M for a summary of available information related to the evaluation of direct shear results obtained using this test method.1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to the nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units” made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish consisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above a certain temperature making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware. The following grades and types are covered: Grade S which is for use with comparatively narrow mortar joints, Grade SS which is for use where variation of face dimension must be very small, Type I or single-faced unit which is for general use where only one finished face will be exposed, and Type II or two-faced unit which is for general use where two opposite finished faces will be exposed. The brick and tile are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength requirements specified. The masonry units are classified as solid masonry unit and hollow masonry unit. The former is a unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane and the latter is a unit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the bearing surface is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties: compressive strength, imperviousness, opacity, resistance to fading, resistance to autoclave crazing, flame spread, fuel contribution, smoke density, toxic fumes, hardness, and abrasion resistance.1.1 This specification covers structural clay load-bearing facing tile and facing brick and other “solid masonry units” made from clay, shale, fire-clay, or mixtures thereof, with or without the addition of grog or other mixtures, having a finish consisting of a ceramic glaze fused to the body at above 1500°F (655°C) making them inseparable, excluding natural salt-glazed ware.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick and tile extracted from masonry structures for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section 6) of this standard is beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 Brick and tile covered by this specification are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength requirements of this specification. (See firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232.)1.4 Two grades and two types of ceramic glazed units are covered.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test portion of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant torso body armor require the measurement of BFD on backing assemblies made with ROMA Plastilina No. 1®6.5.2 This test method may be applicable for certification testing or for research and development testing.1.1 This test method describes test methods for the contact measurement of backface deformation (BFD) in clay backing caused by a test threat that produces a partial penetration in a body armor test item.1.2 This test method is applicable to testing of planar and nonplanar soft armor and hard armor.1.3 This test method is not applicable to testing of helmets.1.4 The purpose of this test method is to achieve consistent measurements between laboratories and reduce differences that could result from using different measurement techniques.1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, and other users in order to meet their specific needs.1.6 This test method does not specify BFD performance requirements for body armor. The performance requirements are included in other standards or specifications. The decision rules for determining conformance to specifications and the consideration of uncertainty are also included in other standards or specifications.1.6.1 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Certifiers, purchasers, and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where appropriate, mathematical conversions to non-SI units are provided in parentheses for informational purposes.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车