定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is primarily intended as a referee test for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxygen in copper and copper alloys from 0.00035 % to 0.090 %.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The results of this test method are useful in ranking a specific fuel sample against other specific fuel samples or standards when tested under identical conditions. Specific fuel samples containing dispersant additives, such as dispersant-containing stability additives, have shown inaccurate ranking against fuel samples that do not contain dispersant additives using this test method.3 This test method is not meant to relate a specific fuel to specific field handling and storage conditions. The formation of insolubles is affected by the material present in the storage container and by the ambient conditions. Since this test method is conducted in glass under standardized conditions, the results from different fuels can be compared on a common basis.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D975.1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives. However, fuels additized with dispersant additives, including dispersant-containing stability additives, may be ranked inaccurately using this test method compared to fuels that are not additized with dispersant additives.1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 7.4.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 These test methods cover the determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels, and they complement Test Method D4815, which covers the determination of several specific oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline.4.2 The presence of oxygen-containing compounds in gasoline can promote more complete combustion, which reduces carbon monoxide emissions. The Clean Air Act (1992) requires that gasoline sold within certain specified geographical areas contain a minimum percent of oxygen by mass (presently 2.7 mass %) during certain portions of the year. The requirement can be met by blending compounds such as methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and ethanol into the gasoline. These test methods cover the quantitative determination of total oxygen which is the regulated parameter.4.2.1 Only seven U.S. states have such wintertime requirements, and others with EPA approval have opted out of the program. The minimum oxygen limit now varies from 1.8 % to 3.5 % by mass. For methanol/heavier alcohol blend EPA waivers, the maximum oxygen content allowed is 3.5 % or 3.7 % by mass.4.2.1.1 Only ethanol is used for such blending in the U.S. Ethers are banned by some states and are not used in all states because of water contamination issues.1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of total oxygen in gasoline and methanol fuels by reductive pyrolysis.1.2 Precision data are provided for 1.0 % to 5.0 % oxygen by mass  in gasoline and for 40 % to 50 % oxygen by mass  in methanol fuels.1.3 Several types of instruments can be satisfactory for these test methods. Instruments can differ in the way that the oxygen-containing species is detected and quantitated. However, these test methods are similar in that the fuel is pyrolyzed in a carbon-rich environment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

3.1 These practices enable the following information to be available:3.1.1 Material atomic oxygen erosion characteristics.3.1.2 An atomic oxygen erosion comparison of four well-characterized polymers.3.2 The resulting data are useful to:3.2.1 Compare the atomic oxygen durability of spacecraft materials exposed to the low Earth orbital environment.3.2.2 Compare the atomic oxygen erosion behavior between various ground laboratory facilities.3.2.3 Compare the atomic oxygen erosion behavior between ground laboratory facilities and in-space exposure.3.2.4 Screen materials being considered for low Earth orbital spacecraft application. However, caution should be exercised in attempting to predict in-space behavior based on ground laboratory testing because of differences in exposure environment and synergistic effects.1.1 The intent of these practices is to define atomic oxygen exposure procedures that are intended to minimize variability in results within any specific atomic oxygen exposure facility as well as contribute to the understanding of the differences in the response of materials when tested in different facilities.1.2 These practices are not intended to specify any particular type of atomic oxygen exposure facility but simply specify procedures that can be applied to a wide variety of facilities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is useful to the adhesive manufacturer in research and development or in manufacturing control. The results are also used for specification acceptance or as a guide in adhesive selection.5.2 The provisions for testing bonded specimens as well as free films are made for two purposes. First, it is possible for an interaction to occur between oxygen and chemicals or degradation products that may affect the degradation of the bonded joints strength. Second, some increase in strength due to oxidative crosslinking may not be detrimental in a bonded assembly and in fact may be beneficial. Adhesives of this behavior are not satisfactorily tested by a film flexibility test.5.3 Some users of this test method will be most interested in the performance of the bonded joint; some will be most interested in the performance of the adhesive. In the latter case, it is important to note that the true variance (error mean square) of the strength of the adhesive may be obscured when the tested control specimens or the tested aged specimens show wood failure.5.4 Conflict of Procedure—If the procedures of this test method conflict with those of detailed product specifications or manufacturer's use instructions for a particular material, then use the latter.1.1 This test method describes how to estimate the relative resistance to deterioration of adhesive films and adhesive-bonded joints placed in a high-pressure oxygen environment. The instructions include both wood-to-wood and wood-to-metal joints as well as free film of adhesive. The effects of chemicals such as fire retardants, preservatives, or wood extractives, can be evaluated by using materials containing these chemicals for adherends.1.2 This test method is primarily intended for elastomer-based construction adhesives, but is also applicable to other types of adhesives that may be susceptible to oxygen degradation. This accelerated test does not correlate exactly with the natural aging of the adhesive because of the varied conditions of natural aging and the absence of factors such as moisture and stress. The results of this accelerated test are only comparative and must be evaluated against the performance of bonded joints whose natural and accelerated aging characteristics are known.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车