定价： 712元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The demand for SPF insulation in homes and commercial buildings has increased as emphasis on energy efficiency increases. In an effort to protect the health and safety of both trade workers and building occupants due to the application of SPF, it is essential that reentry/reoccupancy-times into the structure where SPF has been applied, be established.5.2 Concentrations of chemical emissions determined in large-scale ventilated enclosure studies conducted by this practice may be used to generate source emission terms for IAQ models.5.3 The emission factors determined using this practice may be used to evaluate comparability and scalability of emission factors determined in other environments.5.4 This practice was designed to determine emission factors for chemicals emitted by SPF insulation in a controlled room environment.5.5 New or existing formulations may be sprayed, and emissions may be evaluated by this practice. The user of this practice is responsible for ensuring analytical methods are appropriate for novel compounds present in new formulations (see Appendix X1 for target compounds and generic formulations).5.6 This practice may be useful for testing variations in emissions from non-ideal applications. Examples of non-ideal applications include those that are off-ratio, applied outside of recommended range of temperature and relative humidity, or applied outside of manufacturer recommendations for thickness.5.7 The determined emission factors are not directly applicable to all potential real-world applications of SPF. While this data can be used for VOCs to estimate indoor environmental concentrations beyond three days, the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations increases with increasing time. Estimating longer term chemical concentrations (beyond three days) for SVOCs is not recommended unless additional data (beyond this practice) is used, see (1).45.8 During the application of SPF, chemicals deposited on the non-applied surfaces (for example, floors and ceilings) are the result of both gaseous phase emissions from the SPF and overspray. It is difficult to separate these two processes with current analytical methods. At present, the difference in how these two processes impact the long-term emissions is not known. This practice combines these two processes to generate data for modeling inputs.1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for the duration of data collection.1.7 Four quantification methods are described for isocyanates. The method chosen should consider safety issues such as flammability, the expected concentration, the presence of isocyanate aerosol during the phase of interest (during and post application), and if the tested SPF is high or low pressure.1.8 This practice references similar standard practices for design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for chemical emission testing.1.9 This practice references methods for the collection and analysis of air samples.1.10 This practice applies to two-component open cell and closed cell SPF insulation system formulations that are processed using high-pressure or low-pressure installation processing practices and equipment.1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. The application of SPF in a ventilated enclosure has the potential to generate a hazardous condition putting the individual responsible for spraying inserts at risk. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety procedures and require appropriate certified personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize chemical exposure. Individuals entering the ventilated enclosure during and after SPF application, for any amount of time, are expected to wear appropriate PPE.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

This specification covers the material, design, and performance requirements pertinent to the construction of water-driven rotary spray type, stationary rack commercial pot, pan, and utensil washing machines that are manually fed yet automatically controlled to uniformly wash, rinse, and heat-sanitize food preparation utensils. Representative production models of the washers shall pass performance, operation, leakage, and energy and productivity tests, and should function satisfactorily as specified. Certification, product marking, and packaging are also considered.1.1 This specification covers manually fed, spray-type stationary rack, automatically controlled, water-driven rotary spray commercial pot, pan, and utensil washing machines, herein referred to as “the washer.”1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test their products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntary standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction when combining a two-component mixture during spraying, specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproducibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturer’s specifications and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed information regarding the spraying process must be recorded (see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping are needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of the samples is preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens from samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so that emission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can be made between test data for different samples.1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These procedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPF insulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interest include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts, diisocyanates, and flame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one location, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field product installation site. The newly prepared samples are preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and then shipped to a laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be performed by trained individuals using professional spraying equipment under controlled conditions. The details of the spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on industry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the laboratory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens are prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide D5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described in Test Method D8142.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas sample collection and chemical analysis are outside of the scope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address the potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine catalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the chamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 712元 加购物车

6.1 SPF insulation is applied and formed onsite, which creates unique challenges for measuring product emissions. This test method provides a way to measure post-application chemical emissions from SPF insulation.6.2 This test method can be used to identify compounds that emit from SPF insulation products, and the emission factors may be used to compare emissions at the specified sampling times and test conditions.6.3 Emission data may be used in product development, manufacturing quality control and comparison of field samples.6.4 This test method is used to determine chemical emissions from freshly applied SPF insulation samples. The utility of this test method for investigation of odors in building scale environments has not been demonstrated at this time.1.1 This test method is used to identify and to measure the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from samples of cured spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation using micro-scale environmental test chambers combined with specific air sampling and analytical methods for VOCs.1.2 Specimens prepared from product samples are maintained at specified conditions of temperature, humidity, airflow rate, and elapsed time in micro-scale chambers that are described in Practice D7706. Air samples are collected periodically at the chamber exhaust at the flow rate of the micro-scale chambers.1.2.1 Samples for formaldehyde and other low-molecular weight carbonyl compounds are collected on treated silica gel cartridges and are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described in Test Method D5197 and ISO 16000-3.1.2.2 Samples for other VOCs are collected on multi-sorbent samplers and are analyzed by thermal-desorption gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) as described in U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17 and ISO 16000-6.1.3 This test method is intended specifically for SPF insulation products. Compatible product types include two component, high pressure and two-component, low pressure formulations of open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation.1.4 VOCs that can be sampled and analyzed by this test method generally include organic blowing agents such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, residual solvents, and some amine catalysts. Emissions of some organic flame retardants can be measured after 24 h with this method, such as tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP).1.5 This test method does not cover the sampling and analysis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or other isocyanates.1.6 Area-specific and mass-specific emission rates are quantified at the elapsed times and chamber conditions as specified in 13.2 and 13.3 of this test method.1.7 This test method is used to identify emitted compounds and to estimate their emission factors at specific times. The emission factors are based on specified conditions, therefore, use of the data to predict emissions in other environments may not be appropriate and is beyond the scope of this test method. The results may not be representative of other test conditions or comparable with other test methods.1.8 This test method is primarily intended for freshly applied, SPF insulation samples that are sprayed and packaged as described in Practice D7859. The measurement of emissions during spray application and within the first hour following application is outside of the scope of this test method.1.9 This test method can also be used to measure the emissions from SPF insulation samples that are collected from building sites where the insulation has already been applied. Potential uses of such measurements include investigations of odor complaints after product application. However, the specific details of odor investigations and other indoor air quality (IAQ) investigations are outside of the scope of this test method.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

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定价： 0元 加购物车

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