1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent density in pounds in air per U.S. gallon at convenient temperatures using a hydrometer, and reporting at any specified atmospheric temperature. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and Note 3.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of ceramic parts, used in electron device and semiconductor applications, with a maximum dimension of 25 mm (1 in.) and having zero or discontinuous porosity. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability or regulatory limitations prior to use.
The apparent size and distribution of tungsten carbide grains in cemented carbides affects the material’wear resistance and fracture. For a given chemical composition, an increase in the average grain size will result in increased toughness and decreased wear resistance. This practice illustrates representative micro-structures for a wide range of tungsten carbide-cobalt grades. This is not intended to be used as a specification for carbide grades; producers and users may use the micrographs and the grain size chart as a guide in developing their own specifications.1.1 This practice for the visual comparison and classification of the apparent grain size and distribution of cemented tungsten carbides is limited to cemented tungsten carbides that contain approximately 6, 10, and 18 % cobalt.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This test method provides a means of deriving the apparent bending modulus of a material by measuring force and angle of bend of a cantilever beam. The mathematical derivation assumes small deflections and purely elastic behavior. Under actual test conditions, the deformation has both elastic and plastic components. This test method does not distinguish or separate these, and hence a true elastic modulus is not calculable. Instead, an apparent value is obtained and is defined as the apparent bending modulus of the material. The tangent modulus obtained by Test Methods D790 is preferred, when the material can be tested by the Test Methods D790 test procedure.Because of deviations from purely elastic behavior, changes in span length, width, and depth of the specimen will affect the value of the apparent bending modulus obtained; therefore, values obtained from specimens of different dimensions are not necessarily comparable.Rate of loading is controlled only to the extent that the rate of angular change of the rotating jaw is fixed at 58 to 66°/min. Actual rate of stressing will be affected by span length, width, depth of the specimen, and weight of the pendulum.For many materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.Note 2—A discussion of the theory of obtaining a purely elastic bending modulus, using a cantilever beam testing apparatus, can be found in Appendix X1. The results obtained under actual test conditions will be the apparent bending modulus.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent bending modulus of plastics by means of a cantilever beam. It is well suited for determining relative flexibility of materials over a wide range. It is particularly useful for materials too flexible to be tested by Test Methods D790.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.