定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for processability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 for additional significance and use information.3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discoloration from heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functional use.3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to elevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product).3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means of predicting the amount of color change that occurs during processing (manufacture).3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to 158°F ± 2°F (70°C ± 1°C) for 7 days, and the color difference is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as ΔE* units.NOTE 1: It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heat stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure to elevated temperature over a specified period of time.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing and decorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients for processability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be varied considerably depending on the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing.4.2 Light stability, which is resistance to discoloration from light, is a basic requirement for functional use.4.3 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring products when subjected to accelerated light exposure over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product).4.4 This test method specifies that a sample is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed in ΔE* units before and after accelerated light exposure.NOTE 2: It is the intent that this test method be used for testing light stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering to color change from exposure to light over a specified period of time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 This test method permits the evaluation of shear stability with minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factors which may be present in some applications. Within the limitations expressed in the scope of this test method, it has been successfully applied to hydraulic fluids, transmission fluids, tractor fluids, and other fluids of similar applications. It has been found applicable to fluids containing both readily sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with performance in the case of automotive engine applications has, to date, not been established.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of an oil containing polymer in terms of the permanent loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not intended that this test method serve to predict the performance of polymer-containing oils in service.1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between the shear degradation results obtained by means of sonic oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines. Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate different families of polymers in a different order than mechanical devices.2,31.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed alternative shear test methods using a diesel injector nozzle, Test Methods D5275, D6278, and D7109. While those test methods have found some utility in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids.1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive specifications, especially in the hydraulic fluid market.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 To avoid equipment failure, a gear oil should remain a homogeneous liquid and the performance-enhancing additives should not separate out when the oil is stored for an extended period of time.5.2 In addition, because different oils are often mixed when topping off, gear oils from different manufacturers, or containing different base fluids or performance-enhancing additives should be completely miscible and compatible with each other. Any incompatibility of such mixtures can also result in equipment failure if gelation or additive dropout occurs.5.3 The test procedures described in this test method are designed to evaluate the performance of gear oils in each of the above circumstances.5.4 This test method is based on the separate test methods FED-STD-791/3440.1 and FED-STD-791/3440.2. Minor changes have been made to the FED test methods to provide a coherent unified procedure. These changes do not significantly alter the test procedures. This test method has, therefore, potential for use as an alternative to the FED test methods in gear oil specifications such as SAE J2360 and Specification D5760.1.1 This test method covers the determination of storage stability characteristics and the compatibility of automotive gear lubricants when blended with reference lubricants. The purpose of the test is to determine if performance-enhancing additives separate out under defined conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The results (of these tests) can be used to indicate storage stability of these fuels. The tendency of fuels to form gum and deposits in these tests has not been correlated with field performance (and can vary markedly) with the formation of gum and deposits under different storage conditions.1.1 This test method3 covers the determination of the tendency of aviation reciprocating, turbine, and jet engine fuels to form gum and deposits under accelerated aging conditions. (Warning—This test method is not intended for determining the stability of fuel components, particularly those with a high percentage of low boiling unsaturated compounds, as these may cause explosive conditions within the apparatus.)NOTE 1: For the measurement of the oxidation stability (induction period) of motor gasoline, refer to Test Method D525.1.2 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the kilo pascal (kPa); the accepted SI unit of temperature is °C.1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 In the design and operation of reverse osmosis installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differences in salt passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free CO2, the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the S & DSI for the concentrate stream from the feed water analyses and the reverse osmosis operating parameters.5.2 A positive S & DSI indicates the tendency to form a calcium carbonate scale, which can be damaging to reverse osmosis performance. This practice gives procedures for the adjustment of the S & DSI.1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index (S & DSI) for the concentrate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing more than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate streams containing less than 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids, refer to Practice D3739.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The determination of dimensional change of pile yarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control during manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance and performance may be affected by the changes in the dimensions of pile yarn floor covering. This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipment because current estimates of between laboratory precision are acceptable, and this method is commonly used in the trade for acceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dimensional changes in the lengthwise and width-wise direction and distortion likely to occur when pile floor coverings are exposed to various conditions of moisture and heat. This method is applicable to all pile floor coverings including carpet module form.1.2 This method is applicable to machine made pile yarn floor covering.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 The tendency of a jet fuel to resist the formation of deposits at elevated temperature is indicative of its oxidative thermal stability. This practice provides a technique for the simultaneous determination of deposit formation and oxygen consumption during the thermal oxidation of jet fuels and other hydrocarbon liquids. The practice can be used to evaluate the thermal stability of fuels and to determine the efficacy of additives in inhibiting deposition or slowing oxidation, or both. A test temperature of 140 °C and run length up to 16 h has been found to be effective for the relative evaluation of fuels and fuel additives. This practice has also been employed for other hydrocarbon liquids, such as gasoline and diesel fuels, but additional safety issues may need to be addressed by the user.1.1 This laboratory practice covers the quantitative determination of surface deposits produced during the thermal oxidation of gas turbine fuels by monitoring the oscillation frequency of a quartz crystal during thermal exposure. In this practice, “thermal oxidative stability” refers to the tendency of a fuel to resist surface deposit formation during heating.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The data from this guide seldom, if ever, directly simulate thermal and pressure events in the processing, storage, and shipping of chemicals. However, the data obtained from this guide may be used, with suitable precautions, to predict the thermal and pressure hazards associated with processing, storage, and shipping of a chemical or mixture of chemicals after appropriate scaling of the data. This has been addressed in the literature (1-4) but is beyond the scope of this guide.5.2 This guide is suitable, under the proper conditions, for the investigation of the effects of catalyst, inhibitors, initiators, reaction atmospheres, materials of construction, or, if available, agitation (see 6.1.2).5.3 Interpretation of the time-temperature or time-pressure data may be possible for relatively simple systems through the use of suitable temperature-dependent kinetic theories such as the Arrhenius and Absolute Reaction Rate theories (5, 6).1.1 This guide covers suggested procedures for the operation of a calorimetric device designed to obtain temperature and pressure data as a function of time for systems undergoing a physicochemical change under nearly adiabatic conditions.1.2 This guide outlines the calculation of thermodynamic parameters from the time, temperature, and pressure data recorded by a calorimetric device.1.3 The assessment outlined in this guide may be used over a pressure range from full vacuum to the rated pressure of the reaction container and pressure transducer. The temperature range of the calorimeter typically varies from ambient to 500 °C, but also may be user specified (see 6.6).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are outlined in Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a basis for the estimation of the oxidation stability of middle distillate fuels such as No. 2 fuel oil.5.2 The test method may not provide a prediction of the quantity of insolubles that will form in field storage over any given period of time. The amount of insolubles formed in such field storage is subject to the specific conditions which are too variable for this test method to predict accurately.5.3 Test Method D2274 yields results more rapidly than Test Method D4625, the 43 °C bottle test. However, as a result of the significantly elevated temperature and the pure oxygen atmosphere, the nature and amount of insolubles may deviate to a greater extent than Test Method D4625 from those formed in field storage.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the inherent stability of middle distillate petroleum fuels under specified oxidizing conditions at 95 °C.NOTE 1: Fuels used in establishing the precision measures for this test method were described as gas oil, diesel fuel, No. 2 heating oil, and DFM, a Navy distillate fuel suitable for diesels, boilers, and gas turbines. (The term DFM is no longer used when referring to fuel meeting MIL-F-16884 requirements; rather it is called F76 as it conforms to NATO F76 requirements.) While the test method may be used for fuels outside the range of these fuels, the precision measures may not apply.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. This test method has not been validated for testing biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D6751 or blends of middle distillates and biodiesel, such as meeting Specification D7467, or both. Test Method D7462 has been determined to be suitable for testing B100 and all blends of middle distillates and biodiesel.NOTE 2: No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975 currently allow up to 5 % biodiesel meeting Specification D6751. Samples containing biodiesel can result in partial dissolution or compromise of the membrane filter and give erroneous results.1.3 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车