4.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a means of comparing the performance of stretch-wrap films. It can also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation between these test results and actual field performance has been established.4.2 This test method simulates the shipping of unitized loads by way of truck and rail, concentrating on the vibration element associated with these modes. Other elements of the distribution system, such as mechanical handling, are not addressed specifically in this test method.4.3 This test method establishes a method for rating the performance of films, but it leaves open to the discretion of the user the establishment of an acceptable rating for the specific end-use intended.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the ability of stretch-wrap films to contain unitized loads during shipping.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring the wearer's safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe.4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe and when any changes are made in the design, material or method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear through the application of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm (13/16 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most women's medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

4.1 The effect of dynamic rolling load over resilient floor covering system is important since the resistance reflects the ability of a resilient floor covering system to properly perform under specific use or condition.4.2 Excessive rolling load over an installed resilient floor covering may cause floor covering system failures such as bond failure, delamination, and finish or coating deteriorations.4.3 The effect of dynamic rolling load shall be measured by qualitative evaluation comparing the tested assembly with a standard assembly.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the effect of dynamic rolling load over a resilient floor covering.1.2 This practice is intended to be used by resilient, adhesive and underlayment manufacturers to measure the impact of a dynamic rolling load over a specific product or a combination of products.1.3 This practice may be used to evaluate the performance of joints (sealed or welded) in the resilient floor covering.1.4 This practice may be used to aid in the diagnosis of a specific assembly performance and provide comparative evaluation.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

4.1 This test method covers the determination of plate deflection resulting from the application of an impulse load. The deflection is measured at the center of the top of the load plate (see Note 1).NOTE 1: If the load plate is in “perfectly uniform” contact with the unbound material under the plate, then deflection of the load plate should be equal to the deflection of the surface of the unbound material under test. However, with typical unbound materials a 100 % uniform contact can seldom be achieved. Accordingly, the test surface shall be as clean and smooth as possible with loose granules and protruding material removed. For gravel surfaces, it is recommended that a thin layer of fine sand be placed over the test point. For fine-grained materials, this will help in obtaining a reasonably uniform contact between the load plate and the surface. See 5.1 in Test Method D1195/D1195M.4.2 Deflections may be either correlated directly to pavement performance or used to determine in-situ material characteristics of the pavement foundation layers. Some uses of the data include quality control and quality assurance of compacted layers, and for structural evaluation of load carrying capacity (see Note 2 and Guide D4695).NOTE 2: The volume of the pavement foundation materials affected by the applied load is a function of the magnitude of the load, plate size and rigidity, loading rate, buffer stiffness, and the stiffness and shear strength of the pavement foundation materials. Therefore, care must be taken when analyzing the results because the data obtained by the Portable Impulse Plate Load Test may be obtained under substantially different conditions than when a heavy moving wheel load passes over the pavement surface after construction is complete.1.1 This test method applies to measuring plate deflections using a Portable Impulse Plate Load Test device. The method covers the measurement of deflection of the load plate rather than the deflection of the surface of the pavement or foundation layers (see Note 1).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Framed floor and roof systems are tested by this test method for static shear capacity. This test method will help determine structural diaphragm properties needed for design purposes.1.1 This test method covers procedures designed (1) to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a framed diaphragm under simulated loading conditions, and (2) to provide a determination of the stiffness of the construction and its connections. A diaphragm construction is an assembly of materials designed to transmit shear forces in the plane of the construction.1.2 No effort has been made to specify the test apparatus, as there are a number that can be used as long as the needs of the testing agency are met. If round-robin testing is to be conducted, test apparatus and testing procedures shall be mutually agreed upon in advance by the participants.1.3 The text of this standard contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of the standard. Notes and footnotes in tables and figures are requirements of this standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 These test methods are to be used to determine the resistance of some types of preformed block insulation when transverse loads are normally applied to the surface. Values are measured at the maximum load or breaking point under specified conditions or specimen size, span between supports, and rate of load application. The equations used are based on the assumption that the materials are uniform and presume that the stress-strain characteristics below the elastic limit are linearly elastic. These assumptions are not strictly applicable to thermal insulations of certain types in which crushing occurs before failure is obtained in transverse bending; however, depending upon the accuracy required, these procedures are capable of providing acceptable results.5.2 Test Method I is especially useful when testing only for the modulus of rupture or the breaking load. This information is useful for quality control inspection and qualification for specification purposes.5.3 Test Method II is useful in determining the elastic modulus in bending as well as the flexural strength. Flexural properties determined by these test methods are also useful for quality control and specification purposes.5.4 The basic differences between the two test methods is in the location of the maximum bending moment, maximum axial fiber (flexural or tensile) stresses, and the resolved stress state in terms of shear stress and tensile/compression stress. The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading fitting in Test Method I and over the area between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method I has a high shear stress component in the direction of loading, perpendicular to the axial fiber stress. Sufficient resolved shear stress is capable of producing failure by a shear mode rather than a simple tension/flexural failure. There is no comparable shear component in the central region between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method II simulates a uniformly loaded beam in terms of equivalent stresses at the center of the specimen.5.5 Flexural properties are capable of varying with specimen span-to-thickness ratio, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and the difference in rate of straining specified in Procedures A and B. In comparing results it is important that all parameters be equivalent. Increases in the strain rate typically result in increased strengths and in the elastic modulus.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking load and calculated flexural strength of a rectangular cross section of a preformed block-type thermal insulation tested as a simple beam. It is also applicable to cellular plastics. Two test methods are described as follows:1.1.1 Test Method I—A loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam, supported at both ends.1.1.2 Test Method II—A loading system utilizing two symmetric load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points at each end with a distance between load points of one half of the support span.1.2 Either test method is capable of being used with the four procedures that follow:1.2.1 Procedure A—Designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections.1.2.2 Procedure B—Designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing.1.2.3 Procedure C—Designed for measuring at a constant stress rate, using a CRL (constant rate of loading) machine. Used for breaking load measurements only.1.2.4 Procedure D—Designed for measurements at a constant crosshead speed, using either a CRT (constant rate of traverse) or CRE (constant rate of extension) machine. Used for breaking load measurements using a fixed crosshead speed machine.1.3 Comparative tests are capable of being run according to either method or procedure, provided that the method or procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.1.4 These test methods are purposely general in order to accommodate the widely varying industry practices. It is important that the user consult the appropriate materials specification for any specific detailed requirements regarding these test methods.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 101.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe, D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be only one of the following: Portland cement, Portland blast furnace slag cement, slag modified Portland cement, Portland pozzolan cement, a combination of Portland cement and fly ash, a combination of Portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or a combination of Portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and fly ash. Reinforcement shall conform to the standard specification. Physical requirements shall conform to the design strength designation of the pipe during load test. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe shall conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. The strength of the pipe shall not be adversely affected by the splice. Compression tests for determining concrete compressive strength shall be allowed to be made on either concrete cylinders or on cores drilled from the pipe. Pipe shall be repaired, if necessary, because of imperfections in manufacture, damage during handling, or pipe that have been cored for testing.1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe designed for specific D-loads and intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C655M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C655M are acceptable under this Specification C655 unless prohibited by the Owner.NOTE 1: Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type of bedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the construction site. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, the relationship between field load conditions and the strength designation of pipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to be used mainly as a means of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It can also be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrap cycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlation between these tests results and actual field performance has been established.5.2 This test method simulates the horizontal impact elements of the distribution environment. Horizontal impacts are encountered in rail car switching and pallet marshalling procedures, both in the warehouse and during the loading and unloading of transport vehicles.5.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the user the establishment of test levels and the number of impacts constituting the test so that one might tailor the test to simulate one’s particular distribution environment. The section entitled “Element H—Simulated Rail Switching” in Practice D4169 may provide some guidance in this regard.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate and compare the ability of stretch-wrap films to survive horizontal impacts in a laboratory simulation.1.2 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode of shipping and handling used for the unit load under test.1.3 The methodology of performing the controlled horizontal impacts is described in detail in Test Methods D4003. This test method will describe only sample preparation and evaluation in the special case of evaluating the performance of film for load unitizing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车