1. Scope This International Standard applies to residual current operated circuit-breakers functionally independent of, or functionally dependent on, line voltage, for household and similar uses, not incorporating overcurrent protection (hereafter refe

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This practice can be used to describe the effects of materials, manufacturing, and design variables on the fatigue resistance of metallic stemmed femoral components subjected to cyclic loading for relatively large numbers of cycles. The recommended test assumes a “worst case” situation where proximal support for the stem has been lost. It is also recognized that for some materials the environment may have an effect on the response to cyclic loading. The test environment used and the rationale for the choice of that environment should be described in the report. It is recognized that actual in vivo loading conditions are not ofconstant amplitude. However, there is not sufficient information available to create standard load spectrums for metallic stemmed femoral components. Accordingly, a simple periodic constant amplitude force is recommended. In order for fatigue data on femoral stems to be useful for comparison, it must be reproducible among different laboratories. Consequently, it is essential that uniform procedures be established.1.1 This practice describes a method for the fatigue testing of metallic stemmed femoral components used in hip arthroplasty. The described method is intended to be used to evaluate the comparison of various designs and materials used for stemmed femoral components used in the arthroplasty. This practice covers procedures for the performance of fatigue tests using (as a forcing function) a periodic constant amplitude force. 1.2 This practice applies primarily to one-piece prostheses and modular components, with head in place such that prostheses should not have an anterior/posterior bow, and should have a nearly straight section on the distal 50 mm of the stem. This practice may require modifications to accommodate other femoral stem designs. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 For additional information see Refs. (1-5) .

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the strength of cylindrical rock core specimens in an undrained state under triaxial compression loading. The test provides data useful in determining the strength of rock, namely: shear strengths at various lateral pressures and temperatures, angle of internal friction, (angle of shearing resistance), cohesion intercept, and Young's modulus. It should be observed that this method makes no provision for pore pressure measurements. Thus the strength values determined are in terms of total stress, that is, not corrected for pore pressures.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for light-exposure apparatus with and without water spray employing a carbon-arc light source. 1.2 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested. It is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials. Note 1-Attention is called to the following test methods and practices for more information on use of this practice for specific materials: Practices D822, D904, D1499, D3361, D3815, E765 and Test Methods C732, C734, C741, D529, D750, D3424 and D3583. 1.3 This practice includes four procedures: 1.3.1 Method 1 -Continuous exposure to light and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.2 Method 2 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.3 Method 3 -Continuous exposure to light without water spray. Specific exposure conditions for testing fabric are found in AATCC Test Method 16A. 1.3.4 Method 4 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness without water spray. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound unit equivalents of the SI units may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedure for water- or light-exposure apparatus, or both, employing a xenon-arc light source. Note 1-This practice combines the practices previously referred to as G26 and G27. Practice G27, for Operating Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus for Light Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials , has been discontinued since it is now covered in this edition of G26 under Test Methods C and D. 1.2 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested, but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. 1.3 This practice includes four test methods: 1.3.1 Test Method 1 -Continuous exposure to light and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.2 Test Method 2 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.3 Test Method 3 -Continuous exposure to light without water spray. Exposure conditions are characteristic of those specified by AATCC Test Method 16E 1976. 1.3.4 Test Method 4 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness without water spray. Exposure conditions characteristic of those natural conditions experienced when exposing are in accordance with Practice G24. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of the SI units may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic moduli of intact rock core specimens in undrained triaxial compression. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well as Young's modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, v.Note 1--This test method does not include the procedures necessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the ultimate strength.1.2 For an isotropic material, the relation between the shear and bulk moduli and Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are: Equation 1 - G = E/2(1 + v) Equation 2 - K = E/3(1 - 2v)where:G = shear modulus,K = bulk modulus,E = Young's modulus, andv = Poisson's ratio.1.2.1 The engineering applicability of these equations is decreased if the rock is anisotropic. When possible, it is desirable to conduct tests in the plane of foliation, bedding, etc., and at right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It is noted that equations developed for isotropic materials may give only approximate calculated results if the difference in elastic moduli in any two directions is greater than 10 % for a given stress level.Note 2--Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods may often be employed as preliminary measures of anisotropy.1.3 This test method given for determining the elastic constants does not apply to rocks that undergo significant inelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. The elastic moduli for such rocks should be determined from unload-reload cycles, that is not covered by this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 6.

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