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本型式评价大纲适用于车用尿素加注机的型式评价。

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本检定系统表适用于脉冲波形参数计量器具的量值传递，它包括脉冲波形参数计量基准器具、脉冲波形参数计量标准器具直至脉冲波形参数工作计量器具之间的量值传递关系、量值传递方法和量值传递时的不确定度要求。在开展校准时，也可作为量值溯源的依据。

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本检定系统表适用于射频和微波相移计量器具规定了相移单位(度)的量值从基准向工作计量器具的传递程序并指明了误差关系及基本检定方法。
本检定系统由三部分组成：计量基准器具、计量标准器具和工作计量器具。
各级计量器具的传输线输入、输出接头应符合国家标准的要求。

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3.1 Measurements of film thickness are an essential part of most ASTM test methods related to coatings on steel pipe. Adequate thickness is important for a coating to fulfill its function of preventing or mitigating corrosion of steel pipelines.3.2 The accuracy of the thickness measurements may be influenced by the deformability of the coating. This test method is not applicable to coatings that would be readily deformable under the force exerted by the probe of the measuring instrument.1.1 This test method describes the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of a dry, nonmagnetic coating applied to the external surface of steel pipe. The method is recommended for coating thicknesses up to 6 mm (0.240 in.) and for any diameter pipe, but not smaller than 10 mm (0.5 in.). It does not apply to excessively soft films.1.2 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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本标准规定了焦炭全水分、空气干燥基水分、灰分、挥发分的测定方法和固定碳的计算方法。
本标准适用于焦炭全水分、空气干燥基水分、灰分、挥发分的测定和固定碳的计算。

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4.1 This guide has three purposes:4.1.1 To serve as a guide for developers of computer software that provides or makes use of authentication and authorization processes,4.1.2 To serve as a guide to healthcare providers who are implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms, and4.1.3 To be a consensus standard on the design, implementation, and use of authentication and authorization mechanisms.4.2 Additional standards will define interoperable protocols and message formats that can be used to implement these mechanisms in a distributed environment, using specific commercial technologies such as digital signatures.1.1 This guide covers mechanisms that may be used to authenticate healthcare information (both administrative and clinical) users to computer systems, as well as mechanisms to authorize particular actions by users. These actions may include access to healthcare information documents, as well as specific operations on those documents (for example, review by a physician).1.2 This guide addresses both centralized and distributed environments, by defining the requirements that a single system shall meet and the kinds of information which shall be transmitted between systems to provide distributed authentication and authorization services.1.3 This guide addresses the technical specifications for how to perform user authentication and authorization. The actual definition of who can access what is based on organizational policy.

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4.1 The maintenance of confidentiality in paper-based, electronic, or computer-based health information requires that policies and procedures be in place to protect confidentiality. Confidentiality of information depends on structural and explicit mechanisms to allow persons or systems to define who has access to what, and in what situation that access is granted. For guidelines on the development and implementation of privilege management infrastructures supporting these mechanisms, see Guide E2595.4.2 Confidential protection of data elements is a specific requirement. The classification of data elements into restrictive and specifically controlled categories is set by policies, professional practice, and laws, legislation, and regulations.4.3 There are three explicit concepts upon which the use of and access to health information confidentiality are defined. Each of these concepts is an explicit and unique characteristic relevant to confidentiality, but only through the combination (convergence) of all three concepts can appropriate access to an explicit data element at a specific point in time be provided, and unauthorized access denied. The three concepts are:4.3.1 The categorization and breakdown of data into logical and reasonable elements or entities.4.3.2 The identification of individual roles or job functions.4.3.3 The establishment of context and conditions of data use at a specific point in time, and within a specific setting.4.4 The overriding principle in preserving the confidentiality of information is to provide access to that information only under circumstances and to individuals when there is an absolute, established, and recognized need to access that data, and the information accessed should itself be constrained only to that information essential to accomplish a defined and recognized task or process. Information nonessential to that task or process should ideally not be accessible, even though an individual accessing that information may have some general right of access to that information.1.1 This guide covers the process of granting and maintaining access privileges to health information. It directly addresses the maintenance of confidentiality of personal, provider, and organizational data in the healthcare domain. It addresses a wide range of data and data elements not all traditionally defined as healthcare data, but all elemental in the provision of data management, data services, and administrative and clinical healthcare services. In addition, this guide addresses specific requirements for granting access privileges to patient-specific health information during health emergencies.1.2 This guide is based on long-term existing and established professional practices in the management of healthcare administrative and clinical data. Healthcare data, and specifically healthcare records (also referred to as medical records or patient records), are generally managed under similar professional practices throughout the United States, essentially regardless of specific variations in local, regional, state, and federal laws regarding rules and requirements for data and record management.1.3 This guide applies to all individuals, groups, organizations, data-users, data-managers, and public and private firms, companies, agencies, departments, bureaus, service-providers, and similar entities that collect individual, group, and organizational data related to health care.1.4 This guide applies to all collection, use, management, maintenance, disclosure, and access of all individual, group, and organizational data related to health care.1.5 This guide does not attempt to address specific legislative and regulatory issues regarding individual, group, and organizational rights to protection of privacy.1.6 This guide covers all methods of collection and use of data whether paper-based, written, printed, typed, dictated, transcribed, forms-based, photocopied, scanned, facsimile, telefax, magnetic media, image, video, motion picture, still picture, film, microfilm, animation, 3D, audio, digital media, optical media, synthetic media, or computer-based.1.7 This guide does not directly define explicit disease-specific and evaluation/treatment-specific data control or access, or both. As defined under this guide, the confidential protection of elemental data elements in relation to which data elements fall into restrictive or specifically controlled categories, or both, is set by policies, professional practice, and laws, legislation and regulations.

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