4.1 This test method usually requires several minutes per sample. This test method covers eight elements and thus provides more elemental composition data than Test Method D4628 or Test Methods D4927. In addition, this test method provides more accurate results than Test Method D5185, which is intended for used lubricating oils and base oils.4.2 Additive packages are blends of individual additives, which can act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, and so forth. Many additives contain one or more elements covered by this test method. Additive package specifications are based, in part, on elemental composition. Lubricating oils are typically blends of additive packages, and their specifications are also determined, in part, by elemental composition. This test method can be used to determine if additive packages and unused lubricating oils meet specifications with respect to elemental composition.4.3 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (Table 1).1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of barium, boron, calcium, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils and additive packages.1.2 The precision statements are valid for dilutions in which the mass % sample in solvent is held constant in the range of 1 % to 5 % by mass of oil.1.3 The precision tables define the concentration ranges covered in the interlaboratory study. However, both lower and higher concentrations can be determined by this test method. The low concentration limits are dependent on the sensitivity of the ICP instrument and the dilution factor. The high concentration limits are determined by the product of the maximum concentration defined by the linear calibration curve and the sample dilution factor.1.4 Sulfur can be determined if the instrument can operate at a wavelength of 180 nm.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In PBF systems, powder is often reused to increase feedstock efficiency by reducing waste. While in many applications the customer can rely on the manufacturer’s validation and verification activities to ensure their PBF process produces parts of the appropriate quality, some medical device regulatory bodies ask for the powder reuse schema to ensure that any effect of powder reuse on final device performance is assessed.5 The intention of this guide is to provide manufacturers, customers, and regulatory bodies concise terminology to describe powder feedstock reuse schema for PBF using metal or polymer feedstock. Additionally, a well-defined powder reuse schema may reduce the risk of feedstock contamination and associated defects within the manufacturer’s quality management system. Each schema represents a broad reuse strategy and is intended to be used as the starting point in describing a powder strategy to customers and regulatory bodies. While the focus of this guide is for medical applications, the schema referenced can be used for non-medical applications.1.1 This guide provides a concise approach for users of powder bed fusion (PBF) processes to communicate the method(s) in which feedstock powders are controlled throughout the feedstock lifecycle.1.1.1 Regulatory bodies may require descriptions of used powder reuse schemes in a submission. This is because a medical device's performance can be affected by the condition of the powder feedstock and current regulations are not prescriptive to powder.1.1.2 This guide is intended for users of both polymer and metal feedstock powders.1.2 This guide does not cover powder specifications, recycling strategy, blending processes, lot control, or address contamination prevention.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 DRA is frequently added into multiproduct pipelines to increase throughput or reduce energy requirements of fuel movement. Although these additives are not used in jet fuel, contamination can occur from other products if proper batching guidelines are not followed or by other cases of human error. CRC Report No. 642 reviewed the impact of DRA on jet fuel fit-for-purpose performance and concluded that the fuel spray angle and atomization capability of several engine-type fuel nozzles can be adversely affected impacting high altitude relight performance at elevated concentrations. A method that accurately quantifies the amount of DRA in jet fuel can be useful in confirming the absence of significant contamination to protect the safety of aviation operations. This test method is designed to measure down to sub-100 µg/L levels of DRA in aviation fuel.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of high molecular weight polymers, in particular pipeline drag reducer additive (DRA), in aviation turbine fuels with a 72 µg/L lower detection limit. The method cannot differentiate between different polymers types. Thus, any non-DRA high molecular weight polymer will cause a positive measurement bias. Further investigation is required to confirm the polymer detected is DRA.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers poly(ether ketone ketone) materials, commonly referred to as PEKK, which are suitable for molding, extrusion, composites, powder coating and additive manufacturing. Only materials in this Class 6-8 are covered by this specification. This classification system provides requirements for the use of regrind or reprocessed materials.1.2 This specification covers thermoplastic resin materials supplied in pellet as well as powder form.1.3 This specification applies only to PEKK copolymers, without any additional fillers or inorganic additives, alloys, or treatments for modification of attributes.1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide means of calling out poly(ether ketone ketone) materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts.1.5 Poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) is a member of the poly (aryl ether ketone) or PAEK polymer family. PEKK has a broad range of repeat unit combinations of Isophthaloyl and Terephthaloyl repeat units. This standard classifies the polymer options.1.6 The values stated in SI units, as detailed in IEEE/ASTM S-10, are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2: PEKK is a thermoplastic polymer. Testing conditions can affect the technical results. Specimens prepared by techniques different than prescribed in this specification can have properties that vary from the values specified.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of an unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel under contract and is intended solely for use by purchasing agencies for testing purposes.1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline for use as an aviation spark-ignition engine test fuel. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.3 The unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel defined by this specification does exhibit similar octane performance to those leaded fuels with which the existing aircraft and ground-based fuel handling equipment have been designed to operate.1.4 Issuance of this specification does not constitute approval to operate certificated aircraft with this test fuel. Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formal submission of evidence to the authority as part of a certification program.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline test fuel at the time and place of delivery.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Some oils are formulated with organo-metallic additives which act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, and so forth. Some of these additives contain one or more of these elements: barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. These test methods provide a means of determining the concentration of these elements which in turn provides an indication of the additive content of these oils.4.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (see Table 2).1.1 These test methods cover the determination of barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils at element concentration ranges shown in Table 1. The range can be extended to higher concentrations by dilution of sample specimens. Additives can also be determined after dilution. Two different methods are presented in these test methods.1.2 Test Method A (Internal Standard Procedure)—Internal standards are used to compensate for interelement effects of X-ray excitation and fluorescence (see Sections 8 through 13).1.3 Test Method B (Mathematical Correction Procedure)—The measured X-ray fluorescence intensity for a given element is mathematically corrected for potential interference from other elements present in the sample (see Sections 14 through 19).1.4 The preferred concentration units are mass % barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, or zinc.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document specifies the features of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) and provides detailed design recommendations. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of DED by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910. Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This standard serves as a guide to existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be applicable to determine specific mechanical properties of materials made with an additive manufacturing process.1.2 As noted in many of these referenced standards, there are several factors that may influence the reported properties, including material, material anisotropy, method of material preparation, porosity, method of specimen preparation, testing environment, specimen alignment and gripping, testing speed, and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded, to the extent that they are known, according to Practice F2971 and the guidelines of the referenced standards.1.3 The following standards are not referred to directly in the guide but also have information that may be useful in the testing of metal test specimens made via additive manufacturing: A370, A1058, B211, B348, B557, B565, B724, B769, E3, E6, E7, E290, E467, E468, E837, E915, E1049,E1823, E1942.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 As noted in many of the standards in Section 2, there are multiple factors that may influence the reported properties, including material choice, material anisotropy, methods of material storage and preparation, porosity, methods of specimen storage and preparation, orientation and specimen build plate location during fabrication, testing environment, specimen alignment and gripping during testing, testing speed, and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded according to Practice F2971 and the guidelines of the referenced standards. This guide is intended to inform users of best practices for static mechanical testing of additive manufactured polymer specimens fabricated using material extrusion (MEX).1.1 This guide covers existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be applicable to determine specific static mechanical properties of polymeric specimens fabricated with the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) process. The test methods covered within this document are recommendations supplied coming from the experience previous material qualification programs have provided. Additional test methods may be considered as well depending when evaluating material performance for specific applications. Recommendations for material handling prior to testing and characterization are included as they can greatly affect material properties. It is for the end user to determine if the recommended tests adequately evaluate the material performance for the intended application.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document establishes and defines terms used in additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which applies the additive shaping principle and thereby builds physical three-dimensional (3D) geometries by successive addition of material.1.2 The terms have been classified into specific fields of application.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document provides technical specifications for metallic powders intended to be used in additive manufacturing and covers the following aspects:– documentation and traceability;– sampling;– particle size distribution;– chemical composition;– characteristic densities;– morphology;– flowability;– contamination;– packaging and storage.This document does not deal with safety aspects.In addition, this document gives specific requirements for used metallic powders in additive manufacturing.

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1.1 This document gives requirements, guidelines and recommendations for using additive manufacturing (AM) in product design.1.2 It is applicable during the design of all types of products, devices, systems, components or parts that are fabricated by any type of AM system. This document helps determine which design considerations can be utilized in a design project or to take advantage of the capabilities of an AM process.1.3 General guidance and identification of issues are supported, but specific design solutions and process-specific or material-specific data are not supported.1.4 The intended audience comprises three types of users:1.4.1 designers who are designing products to be fabricated in an AM system and their managers;1.4.2 students who are learning mechanical design and computer-aided design; and1.4.3 developers of AM design guidelines and design guidance systems.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) and provides detailed design recommendations.Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to the process-specific features.This document also provides a state of the art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

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This document specifies the features of laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers (LB-PBF-P) and provides detailed design recommendations. Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.

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1.1 This document specifies the features of electron beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-EB/M) and provides detailed design recommendations.1.2 Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.1.3 This document also provides a state of the art review of design guidelines associated with the use of powder bed fusion (PBF) by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910 (1).1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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