定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

Use of this practice will minimize occupational exposure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation.Through implementation of this practice and incorporation of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, selection, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms, users should be able to minimize complaints of machinist respiratory irritation.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for minimizing effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 The weighing of collected aerosol is one of the most common and purportedly simple analytical procedures in both occupational and environmental atmospheric monitoring (for example, Test Method D4532 or D4096). Problems with measurement accuracy occur when the amount of material collected is small, owing both to balance inaccuracy and variation in the weight of that part of the sampling medium that is weighed along with the sample. The procedures presented here for controlling and documenting such analytical errors will help provide the accuracy required for making well-founded decisions in identifying, characterizing, and controlling hazardous conditions.4.2 Recommendations are given as to materials to be used. Means of controlling or correcting errors arising from instability are provided. Recommendations as to the weighing procedure are given. Finally, a method evaluation procedure for estimating weighing errors is described.4.3 Recommendations are also provided for the reporting of weights relative to LOD (see 3.2.6) and LOQ (see 3.2.7). The quantities, LOD and LOQ, are computed as a result of the method evaluation.1.1 Assessment of airborne aerosol hazards in the occupational setting entails sampling onto a collection medium followed by analysis of the collected material. The result is generally an estimated concentration of a possibly hazardous material in the air. The uncertainty in such estimates depends on several factors, one of which relates to the specific type of analysis employed. The most commonly applied method for analysis of aerosols is the weighing of the sampled material. Gravimetric analysis, though apparently simple, is subject to errors from instability in the mass of the sampling medium and other elements that must be weighed. An example is provided by aerosol samplers designed to collect particles so as to agree with the inhalable aerosol sampling convention (see ISO 7708, Guide D6062, and EN 481). For some sampler types, filter and cassette are weighed together to make estimates. Therefore, if the cassette, for example, absorbs or loses water between the weighings required for a concentration estimation, then errors may arise. This practice covers such potential errors and provides solutions for their minimization.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The efficacy of disinfection technologies can be evaluated on finished products, as well as on developmental items.5.2 This practice defines procedures for validation of the aerosol generator, preparation of the test specimen, application of the challenge virus, enumeration of viable viruses, assessing data quality, and calculation of decontamination efficacy.5.3 This practice provides defined procedures for creating droplet nuclei that approximate those produced by human respiratory secretions with particular emphasis on particle size distribution and aerosolization media.5.4 Safety concerns associated with aerosolizing microbial agents are not addressed as part of this practice. Individual users should consult with their local safety authority, and a detailed biological aerosol safety plan and risk assessment should be conducted prior to using this practice. Users are encouraged to consult the manual Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories7 published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).5.5 This practice differs from Test Methods E1052 and E2197 in the presentation of the virus to surface. The aforementioned test methods use liquid inoculum to contaminate carrier surfaces, whereas this practice presents the virus in the absence of water as droplet nuclei.5.6 This practice differs from Test Method E2721 because (1) smaller particles are being formed, (2) the droplets will be dried, thus forming droplet nuclei, prior to application to air-permeable materials, and (3) unique equipment is required to create the droplet nuclei.1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate decontamination methods (physical, chemical, self-decontaminating materials) when used on air-permeable materials contaminated with virus-containing droplet nuclei.1.2 This practice defines the conditions for simulating respiratory droplet nuclei produced by humans.1.3 The practice is specific to influenza viruses, but could be adapted for work with other types of respiratory viruses or surrogates.1.4 This practice is suitable only for air-permeable materials.1.5 This practice does not address the performance of decontaminants against microbes expelled via blood splatter, vomit, or fecal contamination.1.6 This practice should be performed only by those trained in bioaerosols, microbiology, or virology, or combinations thereof.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Endotoxins in metalworking fluid aerosols present potential respiratory health hazards to workers who inhale them. Therefore, a consensus standard is needed to provide reliable data on workplace airborne endotoxin concentrations where metalworking fluids are used.5.2 This practice for measuring airborne endotoxin concentrations in metalworking fluid atmospheres will help to foster a better understanding of endotoxin exposure-response relationships.5.3 This practice facilitates comparisons of interlaboratory data from methods and field investigative studies.1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the personal sampling and determination of bacterial endotoxin concentrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace atmospheres. Users should have fundamental knowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin testing.1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or area exposure data of endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols, either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmospheres.1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin concentration of the sampled atmosphere.1.4 This practice seeks to minimize interlaboratory variation but does not ensure uniformity of results.1.5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from metalworking fluid atmospheres, particularly metal removal fluid atmospheres, by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling, extraction, and analytical methods.1.6 In 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) empanelled a Standards Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Administration regarding measures that the Administration could take to improve the health of workers exposed to metalworking fluids. A report to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was submitted in July 1999. Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user community would benefit significantly if a standard method was developed to give the community guidance on a methodology for the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxin exposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible metal removal fluids, based on the LAL assay or other endotoxin detection technologies as they become available.1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits for personal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosols in workplace environments.1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车