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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those responsible for the development and implementation of training programs, that include competency evaluation, for triage in the prehospital environment.4.2 This guide is not intended to be used by itself, but as a component of Guide F1288.4.3 This guide acknowledges many types of individuals with varying levels of emergency medical training. It also establishes a minimum training standard and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives.4.4 A vital role in the development and operational application of triage is that of medical control. This guide should be used by medical directors in the determination of operational and medical protocols for use during MCIs and coordinated with those who are responsible for training.4.5 At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the training and evaluation of individuals who perform triage at an emergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in a prehospital environment.1.2 All training will be in accordance with Guide F1653.1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and skill evaluation.1.4 Operating within the framework of this guide may expose personnel to hazardous materials, procedures, and equipment. For additional information see Practice F1031 and Guides F1219, F1253, F1285, F1288, F1453, and F1489.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see the document cited in Footnote 3.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Precision statements for calculated values can be developed using this approach. Users can also evaluate how an individual test method’s precision influences the variability of calculated values.4.2 The standard deviation of a calculated value that is the sum, difference, product, or quotient of two or more test method results, each with their own precision statement, can be calculated so long as the individual variables (that is, test results) are independent and the standard deviations are small relative to their mean values. These restrictions are usually met in ASTM methods. In those cases where these restrictions are not met, other methods can be used. Only cases complying with the restrictions are covered in this standard.1.1 Material and mixture properties such as air voids and voids in mineral aggregates (VMA) are calculated from two or three test results, combined in simple mathematical relationships. The standard deviation equations for these calculated values can be developed using a mathematical process called “propagation of errors” (also called “propagation of uncertainty”). This practice includes uncertainty equations for four forms or material and mixture equations: when two test results are (1) added or subtracted, (2) multiplied together, (3) one divided by the other, and (4) two test results divided by a third.1.2 This approach to calculating standard deviation equations is only valid when the distributions of the test results from the two standards are independent (that is, not correlated).1.3 The accuracy of a calculated standard deviation is dependent on the accuracy of the standard deviations used for the individual test result methods.1.4 Values for the mean and standard deviation for each test method are needed to determine the standard deviation for a calculated value.1.5 Examples of how to use these equations are shown in Appendix X1.1.6 A brief explanation of how standard deviation equations are derived for more complicated material and mixture equations is also included.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice sets guidelines for the receiving, testing and reporting of result of the investigation of metal, ores and related materials that may constitute evidence that is or may become involved in litigation. It outlines procedures to be followed to document the nature and condition of the evidence, the planning and performance of the testing, and actions that involve altering the nature or condition of the evidence.1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be used for receiving, testing and reporting results of investigation of metals, ores, related materials or samples thereof that have been the subject of an incident that is or is reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation.1.2 This practice was developed particularly for cases involving civil litigation, however it can be applied to criminal cases where it does not conflict with applicable laws and regulations.

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4.1 This practice establishes procedures to be followed by the forensic science practitioner to document the nature, state, or condition of items of evidence. It also describes specific actions that are required for destructive testing if planned testing, examination, disassembly, or other actions are likely to alter the nature, state, or condition of the evidence so as to preclude or adversely limit additional examination or testing.4.2 Deviations from this practice are not necessarily wrong or inferior, but such deviations should be justified and documented.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the examination and testing of evidence items or systems that may have been involved in a specific incident which are, or may be reasonably expected to be, the subject of civil or criminal litigation.1.2 This practice is applicable when it is determined that examination or testing of evidence is required, and such examination is likely to change the nature, state, or condition of the evidence.1.3 This practice is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice provides designers/engineers of amusement rides and devices not addressed in the other ASTM Committee F24 standards with design references and criteria to use in design development.1.1 This practice establishes information and procedures for the design of amusement rides and devices and major modifications to amusement rides and devices which the designer/engineer identifies as outside the purview of other ASTM F24 design standards.1.1.1 Prior to designating an amusement ride or device as outside the purview of other ASTM F24 standards and subject to Practice F1159-16, the designer/engineer shall perform a review of all standards under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee F24 addressing amusement ride and device design and determine that Practice F1159-16 is appropriate and more applicable to the amusement ride or device than other ASTM Committee F24 practices addressing amusement ride and device design.1.1.2 In making such a determination, the designer/engineer shall consider the following:1.1.2.1 The general nature of the amusement ride or device;1.1.2.2 The absence of relevant specific requirements or features addressed by other ASTM Committee F24 practices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A key consideration with any radiographic system is its contrast resolution and spatial resolution capability (that is, sensitivity). The degree of obtainable sensitivity with a given system is dependent upon several radiographic parameters such as source energy level, film system class, type and thickness of intensifying screens, and material thickness radiographed. These reference radiographs permit the user to estimate the degree of sensitivity change that may be obtained when these parameters are varied from a specific technique. This standard may also be used in conjunction with Test Method E1815 or with Practice E746 or Test Method E1735 to provide a basis for developing data for evaluation of a user's specific system. This data may assist a user in determining appropriate parameters for obtaining desired degrees of radiographic system sensitivity.1.1 This document describes the appearance of a radiographic image where fundamental components of image quality are changed, that is, variables such as whether an X-ray or gamma ray source was used, the characteristics of the radiographic film (gradient, granularity, and developing conditions) and intensifying screens, and specimen thickness (the geometrical configuration of the radiographic set-up and focal spot size both affect image quality but are not considered in the reference radiographs).1.2 The X-ray film systems used in obtaining the illustrative data were as follows: Very Fine Grain (comparable to class I of Test Method E1815) and Fine Grain (comparable to class II of Test Method E1815).1.3 These reference radiographs2 consist of four composite illustrations3 and show how such factors as radiation energy, specimen thickness, and film properties affect the radiographic image. The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM if needed.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This classification system covers thermoplastic materials, used as joining materials, for the creation of joints between similar or dissimilar materials, to produce finished products or parts that are intended to be disassembled and/or reassembled.1.2 This class of materials enables disconnection of the different parts or layers of a products for refurbishing, repair and full recovery and recycling of the joined materials, for instance at the end of life of the product(s), enabling the reuse of valuable resources, and hence reducing adverse impact on the environment.1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the materials covered. It is possible that there are other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. One way of specifying them is by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection is best made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Application examples are fully recyclable mattresses and floor coverings. These products can be disassembled into its different parts, by using heat, for refurbishing, repair and full recovery and recycling of the joined materials at the end of the product’s life.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method of applying force may be used as a standard test to compare the characteristics of a given design of container/child-resistant closure system with a standard or to compare the characteristics of container/child-resistant closure systems differing in construction.It may be used to simulate certain manipulations that may be expected to occur in protocol testing (such as, prying with the teeth or objects in the room, biting, and pulling with the teeth).This test method may be used to establish performance specifications.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force required to separate (or “shell”) the snap-fitted outer cap from the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures.1.2 This test method does not measure the force required to separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were originally “screwed-on” instead of “snapped-on” (for example, pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads when the cap was originally screwed on).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method of applying force may be used as a standard test to compare the characteristics of a given design of container/child-resistant closure system with a standard or to compare the characteristics of container/child resistant closure systems differing in construction.It may be used to simulate certain manipulations that may be expected to occur in protocol testing (such as, prying with the teeth, or objects in the room, biting, and pulling with the teeth).This test may be used to establish performance specifications. Shelling force may vary with cap application torque, bottle design, and other factors. Consequently where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force required to separate (or “shell”) the snap-fitted outer cap from the inner cap of Type IA, IB, or IC child-resistant closures. See Practice D3475.1.2 This test method is an alternative to Test Method D3481, a manual test procedure.1.3 This test method does not measure the force required to separate parts of a child-resistant closure system that were originally “screwed-on” instead of “snapped-on” (for example, pull a cap over or through continuous or multi-start threads when the cap was originally screwed on).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers the minimum performance requirements and associated test methods for annealed transparent or non-transparent soda-lime-silicate glass containers that are produced for use as candle containers. The glass containers shall conform to specified annealing and thermal shock requirements, and shall undergo appropriate scratch testing to ensure that residual stress is reduced to a commercially acceptable level.1.1 This specification is specifically for soda-lime-silicate glass containers that are intended to be used as filled candle containers. This specification does not apply to other glass accessories used for candles, such as votive holders, hurricanes, and glass holders used with free-standing candles. The glass manufacturer or glass secondary processor is responsible for the compliance of the product and maintaining documentation of test results during the manufacturing process.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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