4.1 This guide is intended to provide designers, specifiers, owners, operators and managers of synthetic turf playing systems with information related to specifying, measuring and managing impact attenuation.4.2 The goal of this guide is to facilitate decisions and actions that will maximize the safety, playability and functional longevity of individual synthetic turf playing systems, primarily as related to impact attenuation.4.3 This guide presents various options related to specifying, measuring and managing impact attenuation of synthetic turf playing systems.4.4 Unless specifically stated, this guide does not attempt to endorse or recommend specific options or practices. It is left to the user of the guide to determine the option, practice or course of action that is most appropriate for them, given the specifics of their individual situation.1.1 Applicable to synthetic turf playing systems, regardless of intended use, which are subject to testing in accordance with Specification F1936.1.2 Applicable to synthetic turf playing systems installed either indoors or outdoors.1.3 Not applicable to natural turf playing systems.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers a comparative measurement method for impact absorption properties for body padding and protective wear (apparel) for the sport of fencing. The apparel includes fencing mask bibs, underarm protectors or plastrons, padded vests, uniform jackets, knickers or trousers, gloves, and other protection worn to protect against impacts from the fencing weapon's tip (for example, touches) for foil, saber, or epee. The scope of this test method excludes measurement or performance for perforation resistance of the blade, whether in tact or broken. Note 1-This is a simple test method to discriminate between qualities of different padding materials or systems under an impact that simulates the delivery of a fencing touch. It does not purport to measure quantitative impact energy absorption values at thrust sites. Until in-field data become available, this standard allows manufacturers to intercompare padding systems, fabrics, materials, or composites for protective fencing wear for integrity, robustness, and impact attenuation. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with fencing padding and will not prevent all injuries due to blades impacting fencers. It is the responsibility of the users of the protective padding to establish appropriate safety practices, including maintaining safe fencing distances and care and inspection of the protective wear as well as the blade. Specifically, this standard does not address degradation of the protective padding with use and laundering, or performance of the padding for puncture resistance by thrusts involving in-tact or broken blades. It should be recalled that the sport derives from duelling and is inherently not free of risk of injury or death .

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Providing speech privacy in open-plan spaces depends upon many factors, the most significant of which are the following: (1) the shadow zone of part-height space dividers and the diffraction of sound from the edges of space dividers; (2) the primary sound reflective properties of the ceiling system; (3) the level of masking sound present in the space; and (4) the distance between speaker and listener. Guide E1374 provides additional detail on the factors contributing to speech privacy in open-plan spaces.5.2 In this test method the third factor, masking sound, is eliminated and the fourth factor, the distance between speaker and listener, is standardized for all specimen types. For the measurement of ceiling systems, the first factor, the shadow zone, is also standardized for each divider height used. Experience has indicated that results obtained by this test method may not fairly represent the speech privacy that may be achievable with non-flat ceiling systems. For the measurement of furniture panels used as acoustical barriers, the second of these factors, the sound reflectance of the ceiling, is standardized. For the measurement of reflective and absorptive vertical surfaces used as wall finishings or furniture panels, the first and second factors are standardized and all paths between the speaker and listener reflecting only off of the ceiling are eliminated.5.3 This test method provides standardized techniques to assess the contribution of specific components of an open-plan space. The test method specifies an acoustical testing environment for each component type that isolates its contribution from the contribution of other components, which may in actual open-plan environments contribute significantly to the overall speech privacy.5.4 The significance of test results obtained by this test method must also be considered with regard to the attainable measurement accuracy. The attainment of speech privacy in the presence of masking sound is critically dependent upon sound level of the speech relative to the masking sound; a change as small as 2 dB in either the speech or masking sound may change the privacy from significant to insignificant. The normally accepted test accuracies for sound attenuation measurements may be inadequate to evaluate components having marginal interzone attenuation performance for open-office needs.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the interzone attenuation for three components of open-plan spaces:1.1.1 Ceiling systems when used in conjunction with partial-height space dividers. This arrangement is commonly used in offices to achieve speech privacy between work zones in the absence of full-height partitions. This test method is applicable to any ceiling configuration, including, for example, a pattern of sound-reflective panels in an otherwise sound-absorptive ceiling. This test method generally requires use of a fixed space divider height of 1.50 m [5 ft]. In recognition of trends toward alternate divider heights in open office environments, measurements with an alternate divider height may be conducted in accordance with this standard.1.1.2 Furniture panels used as acoustical barriers in open-plan spaces to provide speech privacy or sound isolation between working positions.1.1.3 Vertical panels, including wall finishes such as sound-absorbent panels, and furniture panels or screens which may reflect sound. It may not be applicable to such items as window finishes or furniture other than panels if these differ significantly from flat wall panels.1.1.4 The combination of results from the various components of an open-plan office is beyond the scope of this standard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 Unless otherwise qualified, all dimensions specified in this test method shall be understood to have a tolerance of ±6 mm (±1/4 in.) The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is to be used to measure the impact attenuation of synthetic turf rugby fields and to estimate the CFH performance.5.2 It is acceptable for this test method to be specified for use by other organizations, specifiers, or facility owners where it is deemed appropriate.1.1 This standard establishes a test method to be used when testing a synthetic turf field’s impact attenuation property for assessing its suitability for rugby.1.2 The surface being tested will be located indoors or outdoors and typically includes the entire surface, both within the boundary lines of the playing area and outside of it. Where non-turf surfaces exist within these areas, they shall be excluded from the scope of this standard, unless they are covered either permanently or temporarily with synthetic turf.1.3 It is acceptable to use this test method, where appropriate, as a test method for laboratory based testing of synthetic turf surfaces.1.4 The definition of a minimum performance requirement for this test method is outside of the scope of this standard. Where reference is made to a minimum requirement this is intended for demonstration and clarification purposes only.1.5 This test method establishes a method of reporting test results.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where values are given in parenthesis they are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Modern offices and other multipurpose buildings commonly have suspended acoustical ceilings installed over room dividing partitions. The test facility prescribed in this test method is useful for providing ceiling attenuation data on the relevant ceiling/partition elements and systems, to ensure that the transmission of sound through the ceiling and plenum space, or through the combination of ceiling, plenum space, and partition systems, provides a suitable degree of acoustical isolation.5.2 This test method is useful for rating and specifying, under standardized conditions, the sound attenuation performance of ceiling materials when mounted in a specified suspension system.5.3 This test method may be useful for selecting a wall-ceiling system for probable compliance with a performance specification for overall sound isolation between rooms. However, the actual field performance may differ significantly, particularly if the field plenum depth is not within the limits specified in this test method or if the plenum space contains large ducts, beams, etc., or both. (See Test Method E336.)5.4 The flexibility inherent in the test facility enables evaluation of the effects of penetrations, induced leakage paths, luminaire, and air diffuser installations and discontinuities in the ceiling suspension system at the partition line, including penetration of the partition into the ceiling plenum. The effect of installing plenum barriers at the partition line may also be investigated.5.5 With the concentration of sound absorbent area offered by a suspended sound absorbent ceiling installed in a room, it is not possible to obtain a good approximation to a diffuse sound field in that room. The plenum dimensions prevent the maintenance of a diffuse sound field above the test specimen. These factors affect the values of the measured ceiling sound attenuation and thus the measurements are not a fundamental property of the ceiling. The test method measures the acoustical properties attainable under the prescribed test conditions, which have been arbitrarily selected. The conditions must be adhered to in every test facility so that the measured results will be consistent. Two methods for obtaining A, the receiving room absorption, are given without preference. One method, known as the steady state method, has been used to obtain an estimate for A in the AMA 1-II-1967 standard. The other method follows the procedures used in Test Methods E90 and C423; justification for the use of this method may be found in reference (1)5. Persons wishing to further investigate the limitations imposed by this test method are advised to read references (2), (3), (4) and (5).5.6 Notwithstanding the above limitations, this type of test method has been used successfully for a number of years to rank order commercial ceiling systems and the test results are commonly used for this purpose.1.1 This test method utilizes a laboratory space so arranged that it simulates a pair of horizontally adjacent small offices or rooms separated by a partition and sharing a common plenum space. The partition either extends to the underside of a common plenum space or penetrates through it. In the prescribed configuration, special design features of the facility ensure that the only significant sound transmission path is by way of the ceiling and the plenum space.1.2 Within the limitations outlined in the significance statement, the primary quantity measured by this test method is the ceiling attenuation of a suspended ceiling installed in a laboratory environment. By accounting for receiving room sound absorption, the normalized ceiling attenuation may be determined.1.3 The test method may also be used to evaluate the attenuation of composite ceiling systems comprised of the ceiling material and other components such as luminaires and ventilating systems.1.4 The field performance of a ceiling system may differ significantly from the results obtained by this test method (see Section 5, , and Test Method E336).1.5 The procedures may also be used to study the additional sound insulation that may be achieved by other attenuation measures. This would include materials used either as plenum barriers or as backing for all or part of the ceiling.1.6 The facility may also be used to study the performance of an integrated system comprising plenum, ceiling, and partition, tested as a single assembly.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers a test method and the corresponding performance requirement for the maximum impact attenuation in all types of turf playing systems installed for North American football fields that is intended to establish a method for identifying and reporting areas within an existing playing system where shock-absorbing properties exceed recommended threshold values. The turf playing system typically includes field areas within and outside the inbound lines extending to the sport specific limit lines as defined by the appropriate regulating body or appropriate standard, or both. All of these areas are regions where an athlete should expect compliant impact attenuation characteristics, but, it does not imply that an injury cannot be incurred if the surface system complies with this specification. The test method, aptly called the free-fall drop test, shall be performed at eight different test point locations for four specific types of surface systems, namely: synthetic turf systems with resilient padding; natural turf systems; combination turf systems; and infill synthetic turf systems.1.1 This specification establishes an in situ test method and maximum impact attenuation value for all types of turf playing systems and for a number of sport-specific field layouts. It also includes a protocol for determining test point locations on fields that are lined for multiple sports.1.1.1 Turf playing systems may be located outdoors or indoors, and typically include field areas within the in-bounds lines and areas outside the in-bounds lines extending to sport-specific limit lines; areas where an athlete should expect to encounter impact attenuation performance that complies with this specification.1.1.2 Site-specific conditions may exist wherein non-turf surface materials, such as track surfacing and/or covers over subsurface structures, are found within the boundaries of the limit lines. These alternate surface materials are not included in the scope of this specification.1.2 This specification establishes a method for reporting test results and identifying areas within an existing turf playing system where impact attenuation measurements exceed required threshold values.1.3 Nothing in this specification is intended to impose limitations on what fields can be tested, or how a particular field can be used. Test providers can adapt the procedures and guidelines contained herein to tests performed on any turf playing system.1.4 This specification does not imply that an impact-related injury cannot be incurred if a turf playing system complies with its g-max performance requirement.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to provide a standardized test procedure of protective materials to ensure comparable results among manufacturers and users.5.2 This test method involves measurement of the attenuation of X-rays by protective clothing material at an accelerating potential (kVp) between 60 and 130 kVp. These energies are considered to be representative of those commonly used during medical diagnosis.5.3 The reporting of the attenuation at a specific X-ray energy is intended to allow the end user organization to assess the attenuating properties of the protective clothing material at that energy level.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the attenuation of X-rays by protective materials at accelerating potentials from 60 to 130 kVp.1.2 This test method provides attenuation values of primary beam X-radiation.1.3 This test method applies to both leaded and non-leaded radiation protective clothing materials.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The g-max values obtained by these procedures are indicative of the impact attenuation characteristics of playing surfaces used for sports such as American football, soccer, baseball, lacrosse, rugby, etc. Optional time history data can be used to further describe these properties.1.1 This test method is used to determine the impact-attenuation characteristics of natural turfgrass and soil playing surface systems with a lightweight portable apparatus. This test method can be used to compare the impact attenuation characteristics of natural playing surface systems, as well as assessing the effects of management practices on the impact attenuation characteristics. This test method also can be used to assess the compactibility of natural playing surfaces by recording g-max values or penetration of successive impacts, or both.1.2 This test method provides a procedure for assessing impact attenuation characteristics in the field, on both actual playing surfaces and research plots. Numerical data will not be comparable to data obtained using a different missile mass or geometry, different drop height, or different standard method, for example, Test Method F1936.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The results of this method quantify the impact attenuation of playing surface and system specimens under the specific test conditions, either within a laboratory or the location the surface system is installed for use.5.2 The test method measures the outcome of impacts performed under specific conditions. It does not quantify the intrinsic material properties of the tested specimens.5.3 Test results from different specimens obtained under the same conditions (that is, the same missile mass and geometry, drop height, etc.) are used to compare impact attenuation under those conditions.5.4 Test results obtained under different conditions are not comparable. Specifically obtained with different missiles are not equivalent and cannot be directly compared. Similarly, test results obtained using the same missile, but using different drop heights, are not directly comparable.1.1 This test method measures the impact attenuation of surface systems and materials, specifically the peak impact acceleration (“impact shock”) and calculates the Head Injury Criteria produced under prescribed impact conditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to surface systems intended to provide impact attenuation, made of naturally occurring or synthetic materials.1.3 This test method is applicable to impact attenuating mats and padding used in sports facilities, including, but not limited to: stadium wall padding, gymnastic mats, wrestling mats, turf playing systems, pole vault landing systems, and playground protective surfacing.1.4 This test method is used to measure the impact attenuation of materials and components used as protective padding on trampoline frames, goal posts, etc., provided the material or component can be tested separately from the equipment to which it is attached.1.5 Without modifications, this test method shall not be used to test materials and components that are attached to structures or equipment or finished products, unless the impact attenuation of the whole system is of interest.1.6 While it is widely believed that lower values for impact attenuation can reduce the severity of impact-related injuries, the relationships between the results of this test method and specific injury risk are within automotive testing data.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of these test methods is to provide reliable and repeatable tests for the evaluation of various types of protective headgear when subjected to rotational loading. Use of these test methods in conjunction with the specific individual performance standards is intended to reduce the likelihood of serious injury and death resulting from impacts to the head sustained by individuals participating in sports, recreation, and other leisure activities in which protective headgear is worn.1.1 This test method covers laboratory equipment, procedures, and basic requirements pertinent to testing the performance of helmets during rotational loading using an incline anvil. Deviations and additions to this test method will be specified, as required, in individual ASTM performance standards.1.2 Requirements—The helmet may be tested under one or more specified environmental conditions for impact attenuation (the limiting of impact forces) as a result of a vertical free-fall onto an incline anvil.1.3 Except where noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used by athletic footwear manufacturers and others, both as a tool for development of athletic shoe cushioning systems and as a test of the general cushioning characteristics of athletic footwear products, materials and components. Adherence to the requirements and recommendations of this test method will provide repeatable results that can be compared among laboratories.5.2 Data obtained by these procedures are indicative of the impact attenuation of athletic shoe cushioning systems under the specific conditions employed.5.3 This test method is designed to provide data on the force versus displacement response of athletic footwear cushioning systems under essentially uniaxial impact loads at rates that are similar to those of heel and forefoot impacts during different athletic activities.5.4 The peak or maximum values of force, acceleration, displacement, and strain are dependent on the total impact energy applied to the specimen. These values are normalized to provide comparative results for a reference value of total energy input.5.5 Impact attenuation outcomes are strongly dependent on initial conditions (impact mass, impact velocity, contact area, etc.) and on specimen size and the specimen’s prior history of compressive loading. Therefore results should be compared only for specimens of the same nominal size and prior conditioning.Note 1—Impact test outcomes have been found to correlate with in-vivo loads (peak ground reaction force, peak plantar pressure, lower extremity acceleration) experienced by runners. Relationships between test outcomes and subjective perceptions of cushioning have also been found. However, there is no direct evidence of a correlation between scores on this test method and the probability of injury among users of a particular athletic footwear product.1.1 This test method describes the use of a gravity-driven impact test to measure certain impact attenuation characteristics of cushioning systems and cushioning materials employed in the soles of athletic shoes.1.2 This test method uses an 8.5 kg mass dropped from a height of 30-70 mm to generate force-time profiles that are comparable to those observed during heel and forefoot impacts during walking, running and jump landings.1.3 This test method is intended for use on the heel and or forefoot regions of whole, intact athletic shoe cushioning systems. An athletic shoe cushioning system is defined as all of the layers of material between the wearer's foot and the ground surface that are normally considered a part of the shoe. This may include any of the following components: outsole or other abrasion resistant outer layer, a midsole of compliant cushioning materials or structures forming an intermediate layer, an insole, insole board, or other material layers overlying the midsole, parts of the upper and heel counter reinforcement which extend beneath the foot, and an insock, sockliner or other cushioning layers, either fixed or removable, inside the shoe.1.4 This test method may also be employed in to measure the impact attenuation of cushioning system components and cushioning material specimens.1.5 This test method is not intended for use as a test of shoes classified by the manufacturer as children's shoes.1.6 The type, size or dimensions and thickness of the specimen, the total energy input and prior conditioning shall qualify test results obtained by this test method.1.6.1 The range of tests results is limited by the calibrated range of the test device’s force transducer. Combinations of thin specimens, high specimen stiffness and high total energy input may produce forces that exceed the transducer’s capacity and are hence not measurable. In practice, the specified force transducer range (10 kN) accommodates more than 99 % of typical shoe soles and cushioning material specimens that are 7 mm or more in thickness at a total energy input of 5 Joules.1.6.2 The nominal value of the total energy input applied by this test method is 5 J for shoes, such as running shoes, which are subject to moderate impacts during normal use. Total energy inputs of 7.0 J and 3.0 J may be used for shoes (e.g basketball shoes) which are subject to higher impact loads during normal use. Other values of total energy input may be used, if they are stated in the report.1.6.3 Results from tests performed with different total energy inputs or with different masses are not directly comparable.1.6.4 Specimen thickness has a significant effect on impact attenuation outcomes. Consequently, results from tests of material specimens of different thicknesses cannot be directly compared.1.6.5 The impact attenuation of cushioning materials may change over time and with use (e.g. wear or durability testing) or prior conditioning (e.g. from previous tests). Consequently, test results obtained using this test method shall be qualified by the age and prior conditioning of the samples.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The typical use of this test method is determination of 10B areal density in aluminum neutron absorber materials used to control criticality in systems such as: spent nuclear fuel dry storage canisters, transfer/transport nuclear fuel containers, spent nuclear fuel pools, and fresh nuclear fuel transport containers.5.2 Areal density measurements are also used in the investigation of the uniformity in 10B spatial distribution.5.3 The expected users of this standard include designers, suppliers, neutron absorber users, testing labs, and consultants in the field of nuclear criticality analysis.5.4 Another known method used to determine areal density of 10B in aluminum neutron absorbers is an analytical chemical method as mentioned in Practice C1671. However, the analytical chemical method does not measure the “effective” 10B areal density as measured by neutron attenuation.1.1 This test method is intended for quantitative determination of effective boron-10 (10B) areal density (mass per area of 10B, usually measured in grams-10B/cm2 ) in aluminum neutron absorbers. The attenuation of a thermal neutron beam transmitted through an aluminum neutron absorber is compared to attenuation values for calibration standards allowing determination of the effective 10B areal density. This test is typically performed in a laboratory setting. This method is valid only under the following conditions:1.1.1 The absorber contains 10B in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix.1.1.2 The primary neutron absorber is 10B.1.1.3 The test specimen has uniform thickness.1.1.4 The test specimen has a testing surface area at least twice that of the thermal neutron beam’s surface cross-sectional area.1.1.5 The calibration standards of uniform composition span the range of areal densities being measured.1.1.6 The areal density is between 0.001 and 0.080 grams of 10B per cm2.1.1.7 The thermalized neutron beam is derived from a fission reactor, sub-critical assembly, accelerator or neutron generator.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers shock absorption properties of fencing surfaces as measured by a drop test. The minimum performance standard for shock absorption is defined. Guidelines for other features and properties of fencing surfaces are described. The types of fencing surfaces covered by this specification are as follows: Type I—concrete; Type II—covered concrete (for example, with linoleum tiles, or rubber runners); Type III—hardwood on concrete; Type IV—plywood on concrete; Type V—hardwood on floor joists; Type VI—plywood on hardwood; Type VII—raised plywood; Type VIII—other surfaces such as synthetic gym floors or recycled rubber composite; Type IX—rubber runners (strips) on various flooring types, except concrete; and Type X—copper or steel fencing strips on various flooring types, except concrete. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of shock attenuation, stability, and shoe-to-surface interface.1.1 This specification covers shock absorption properties of fencing surfaces as measured by a drop test. The minimum performance standard for shock absorption is defined. Guidelines for other features and properties of fencing surfaces are described.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This specification does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with fencing surfaces and will not prevent all surface-related injuries. It is the responsibility of the user of the surfaces to establish appropriate safety and health practices, including, but not limited to, foot movement, footwear (shoes), and training practices. Specific precautionary statements are given in 5.3.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance of optical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopic information from a remote location. Determination of the type and magnitude of the spectral attenuation or interferences, or both, produced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber is necessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fiber sensor system.4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selection criteria for optical fibers used in optical fiber spectroscopic sensor systems.NOTE 1: The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases when exposed to ionizing radiation. This is due primarily to the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, that is, the formation of color centers. The depopulation of these color centers by thermal and/or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recovery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiation-induced attenuation. Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables, including the temperature of the test sample, the composition of the sample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total dose applied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation, and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recovery is never complete.1.1 This guide covers a method for measuring the real time, in situ radiation-induced spectral attenuation of multimode, step index, silica optical fibers transmitting unpolarized light. This procedure specifically addresses steady-state ionizing radiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) with appropriate changes in dosimetry, and shielding considerations, depending upon the irradiation source.1.2 This test procedure is not intended to test the balance of the optical and non-optical components of an optical fiber-based system, but may be modified to test other components in a continuous irradiation environment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Maximum acceleration and time duration data obtained by the specified procedures are intended to determine the shock attenuation characteristics of a headgear.Note 1—These data can be used at a later date to assess the protection afforded to the head when blows are delivered to the helmet.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shock-attenuation characteristics of protective headgear for football.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元