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This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation. The material shall consist of a glass composition that has been foamed or cellulated under molten conditions, annealed, and set to form a rigid noncombustible material with hermetically sealed cells. The materials shall also be trimmed into rectangular or tapered blocks of standard dimensions. All specimens shall also comply with with qualification requirements such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, hot-surface performance, thermal conductivity and surface burning characteristics. These properties shall be determined in accordance with test methods specified herein.1.1 This specification covers the composition, sizes, dimensions, and physical properties of cellular glass thermal insulation intended for use on commercial or industrial systems with operating temperatures between −450 and 800°F (−268 and 427°C). It is possible that special fabrication or techniques for pipe insulation, or both, will be required for application in the temperature range from 250 to 800°F (121 to 427°C). Contact the manufacturer for recommendations regarding fabrication and application procedures for use in this temperature range. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.1.2 This specification does not cover cellular glass insulation used for building envelope applications. For cellular glass insulation used in building applications refer to Specification C1902.1.3 Cellular glass insulation has the potential to exhibit stress cracks if the rate of temperature change exceeds 200°F (112°C) per hour.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification presents the types, physical properties, and dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene (RCPS) intended for use as geofoam. This specification, however, does not address the layout, placement, and workmanship for proper installation and performance of the geofoams. RCPS geofoams shall be formed by the expansion of polystyrene resin beads or granules in a molding process (EPS), or by the expansion of polystyrene base resin in an extrusion process (XPS). They may also be manufactured with reprocessed polystyrene foam (regrind). The RCPS geofoams shall meet combustibility and curing requirements and, when tested, shall adhere to physical property requirements such as dimensions and density, compressive resistance, flexural strength, and oxygen index. Final products should also meet surface damage, volume damage, and UV degradation limits.1.1 This specification covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of rigid cellular polystyrene intended for use as geofoam.1.2 This specification does not cover the layout, placement, and workmanship for proper installation and performance of rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam.1.3 Rigid cellular polystyrene geofoam covered by this specification may need protection from certain chemicals, environmental exposure, and concentrated loads. Additional design considerations may include thermal conductivity and buoyancy. Guidelines regarding these end-use considerations are included in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is to be used to help assess the biocompatibility of materials used in medical devices. It is designed to test the effect of particles released from medical devices and biomaterials on macrophages or other cells.4.2 The appropriateness of the methods should be carefully considered by the user since not all materials or applications need to be tested by this practice.4.3 Abbreviations: 4.3.1 FCS (FBS)—Fetal Calf Serum (Fetal Bovine Serum)4.3.2 FGFs—Fibroblast Growth Factors4.3.3 HBSS—Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution4.3.4 HEPES—A buffering salt (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)4.3.5 IL17—Interleukin 174.3.6 IL18—Interleukin 184.3.7 IL1β—Interleukin 1 beta4.3.8 IL6—Interleukin 64.3.9 IL8—Interleukin 84.3.10 LAL—Limulus Amebocyte Lysate4.3.11 LPS—lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)4.3.12 MCP1—Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-14.3.13 MMPs—Matrix Metalloproteinases4.3.14 NO—Nitric Oxide4.3.15 PBS—Phosphate Buffered Saline4.3.16 PGE2—Prostaglandin E24.3.17 RPMI 1640—Specific Growth Medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute)4.3.18 TGFβ—Transforming growth factor beta4.3.19 TNFα–—Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha4.3.20 VEGF—Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor1.1 This practice covers the assessment of cellular responses to wear particles and degradation products from implanted materials that may lead to a cascade of biological responses resulting in damage to adjacent and remote tissues. In order to ascertain the role of particles in stimulating such responses, the nature of the responses, and the consequences of the responses, established protocols are needed. This is an emerging, rapidly developing area, and the information gained from standard protocols is necessary to interpret cellular responses to particles and to determine if these correlate with in vivo responses. Since there are many possible and established ways of determining responses, a single standard protocol is not stated. However, well described protocols are needed to compare results from different investigators using the same materials and to compare biological responses for evaluating (ranking) different materials. For laboratories without established protocols, recommendations are given and indicated with an asterisk (*).1.2 Since the purpose of the following test procedures is to predict the response in human tissues, the use of human (preferably macrophage lineage) cells is recommended. However, the use of non-macrophage cell lineage or the use of cells from non-human and non-primate sources may be acceptable. The source of the cells or the cell line used should be justified based on the cellular responses under test and/or tissue of interest. Non-human cells should not be used if there is evidence of possible cross-species difference for specific test results as the results of this in vitro test may not correspond to actual human response.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes requirements for chemically blown cellular rubber. Cellular rubber may be classified into two types: Type I which is open cell or sponge rubber and Type II which is closed cell or expanded rubber. Both types are divided into three grades: Grade A which is oil-and flame-resistant, Grade B which has no requirements for oil ,flame resistance, or low temperature, and Grade C which is low-temperature resistant. Each type and class has been divided into three different conditions. Each condition is based on a specific range of firmness as expressed by compression deflection as follows: super soft, soft, soft-medium, medium, medium-firm, and firm conditions. Several tests shall be performed in order to determine the following physical properties of cellular rubber: compression deflection, low-temperature resistance, accelerated aging, recovery, flame resistance, shrinkage, water absorption, oil aging, and color.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for chemically blown cellular rubber.1.2 In the case of conflict between the provisions of this specification and those of detailed specifications or test methods for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.1.3 Unless specifically stated otherwise, by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, all test methods shall be performed in accordance with the test methods specified in this specification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this specification.NOTE 1: This specification was revised using the updated test methods and specifications in the latest version of Specification D1056.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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