定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

4.1 Upper limits for the formaldehyde emission rates have been established for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial products. This test method is intended for use in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD 24 for manufactured housing and by Minnesota Statutes for housing units and building materials. This method may also be used for monitoring products for compliance to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation for composite wood products and the Environmental Protection Agency Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770. This test method provides a means of testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for testing.4.2 Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale indoor environments. Variations in product loading, temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect formaldehyde emission rates and thus likely indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.4.3 This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02 to 1 m3 in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration in air using the following controlled conditions:4.3.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,4.3.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,4.3.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,4.3.4 The Q/A ratio, and4.3.5 Air circulation within the chamber.1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air emitted by wood product test specimens under defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to results obtained from testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. As with Test Method E1333, other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described.1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber testing.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally includeT(V/L = 20) limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance. For high ambient temperatures, a fuel with a high value of T(V/L = 20), indicating a fuel with a low tendency to vaporize, is generally specified; conversely for low ambient temperatures, a fuel with a low value of T(V/L = 20) is specified.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.NOTE 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.NOTE 2: This test method may also be applicable at pressures other than one atmosphere, but the stated precision may not apply.1.2 This test method is applicable to both gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 7 and subsection 8.1.1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials, products, or assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen in the form and thickness tested and are not inherent fundamental properties of the material, product, or assembly tested.5.2 This test method uses a photometric scale to measure smoke obscuration, which is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. The test method does not measure physiological aspects associated with vision.5.3 At the present time no basis exists for predicting the smoke obscuration to be generated by the specimens upon exposure to heat or flame under any fire conditions other than those specified. Moreover, as with many smoke obscuration test methods, the correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established.5.4 The current smoke density chamber test, Test Method E662, is used by specifiers of floor coverings and in the rail transportation industries. The measurement of smoke obscuration is important to the researcher and the product development scientist. This test method, which incorporates improvements over Test Method E662, also will increase the usefulness of smoke obscuration measurements to the specifier and to product manufacturers.5.4.1 The following are improvements offered by this test method over Test Method E662: the horizontal specimen orientation solves the problem of melting and flaming drips from vertically oriented specimens; the conical heat source provides a more uniform heat input; the heat input can be varied over a range of up to 50 kW/m2, rather than having a fixed value of 25 kW/m2; and, the (optional) load cell permits calculations to be made of mass optical density, which associates the smoke obscuration fire-test-response characteristic measured with the mass loss.5.5 Limitations8: 5.5.1 The following behavior during a test renders that test invalid: a specimen being displaced from the zone of controlled irradiance so as to touch the pilot burner or the pilot flame; extinction of the pilot flame (even for a short period of time) in the flaming mode; molten material overflowing the specimen holder; or, self-ignition in the nonflaming mode.5.5.2 As is usual in small-scale test methods, results obtained from this test method have proven to be affected by variations in specimen geometry, surface orientation, thickness (either overall or individual layer), mass, and composition.5.5.3 The results of the test apply only to the thickness of the specimen as tested. No simple mathematical formula exists to calculate the specific optical density of a specimen at a specimen thickness different from the thickness at which it was tested. The literature contains some information on a relationship between optical density and specimen thickness (1).95.5.4 Results obtained from this test method are affected by variations in the position of the specimen and radiometer relative to the radiant heat source, since the relative positioning affects the radiant heat flux (see also Appendix X2).5.5.5 The test results have proven sensitive to excessive accumulations of residue in the chamber, which serve as additional insulators, tending to reduce normally expected condensation of the aerosol, thereby raising the measured specific optical density (see 5.5.8.3 and 11.1.2).5.5.6 The measurements obtained have also proven sensitive to differences in conditioning (see Section 10). Many materials, products, or assemblies, such as some carpeting, wood, plastics, or textiles, require long periods to attain equilibrium (constant weight) even in a forced-draft conditioning chamber. This sensitivity reflects the inherent natural variability of the sample and is not specific to the test method.5.5.7 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not necessarily possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured; therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.5.8 This test method solves some limitations associated with other closed chamber test methods, such as Test Method E662 (2-6) (see 5.4.1). The test method retains some limitations related to closed chamber tests, as detailed in 5.5.8.1 – 5.5.8.5.5.5.8.1 Information relating the specific optical density obtained by this test method to the mass lost by the specimen during the test is possible only by using the (optional) load cell, to determine the mass optical density (see Annex A1).5.5.8.2 All specimens consume oxygen when combusted. The smoke generation of some specimens (especially those undergoing rapid combustion and those which are heavy and multilayered) is influenced by the oxygen concentration in the chamber. Thus, if the atmosphere inside the chamber becomes oxygen-deficient before the end of the experiment, combustion may ceases for some specimens; therefore, it is possible that those layers furthest away from the radiant source will not undergo combustion.5.5.8.3 The presence of walls causes losses through deposition of combustion particulates.5.5.8.4 Soot and other solid or liquid combustion products settle on the optical surfaces during a test, resulting in potentially higher smoke density measurements than those due to the smoke in suspension.5.5.8.5 This test method does not carry out dynamic measurements as smoke simply continues filling a closed chamber; therefore, the smoke obscuration values obtained do not represent conditions of open fires.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring smoke obscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), not exceeding 25 mm (1 in.) in thickness, in a horizontal orientation, exposed to specified levels of thermal irradiance, from a conical heater, in the presence of a pilot flame, in a single closed chamber. Optional testing modes exclude the pilot flame.NOTE 1: The equipment used for this test method is technically equivalent to that used in ISO 5659-2 and in NFPA 270.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method is the specific optical density of smoke from the specimens tested, which is obtained as a function of time, for a period of 10 min.1.4 An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurable with this test method is the mass optical density (see Annex A1), which is the specific optical density of smoke divided by the mass lost by the specimens during the test.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly.1.6 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For limitations of this test method, see 5.5.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also 6.2.1.2, Section 7, and 11.7.2.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 An accelerated test for determining the resistance of interior coated building products to mold growth is useful in estimating the relative performance for use in interior environments under conditions favorable to fungal growth.5.2 Static or environmental chambers provide controlled laboratory micro-environment conditions. These chambers are not intended to duplicate room conditions, and care must be taken when interpreting the results. Static chambers are not a substitute for dynamic chambers or field studies.1.1 This test method covers an environmental chamber and the conditions of operation to evaluate in a 4-week period the relative resistance to mold growth and microbial surface defacement on coated building products designed for interior application using an indirect inoculation method. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily built or obtained by any interested party.1.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the comparative resistance of coated building products to accelerated mold growth. Ratings do not imply a specific time period that the coated building product will be free of fungal growth during installation in an interior environment.1.3 This test method is not intended for use in the evaluation of public health claims.1.4 The test method is intended for the accelerated evaluation of mold growth on a coated building product designed for interior use. This method is not intended for evaluation of surfaces designed for exterior applications or uncoated surfaces. Use of this test method for evaluating exterior performance has not been validated, nor have the limitations for such use been determined.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

6.1 The environmental chamber method is an accelerated test for determining the resistance of Wet Blue and Wet White to the growth of fungi, the causal agent of mold. See Test Method D3273.3,46.2 The environmental chamber method is useful in estimating the performance of fungicides and should assist in the prediction of storage time before fungal growth begins.6.3 The environmental chamber method duplicates the natural environment in which Wet Blue or Wet White is inoculated with fungal spores and subsequently disfigured or discolored by fungi.6.4 The environmental chamber method measures the resistance of the treated Wet Blue or Wet White to the germination of spores and subsequent vegetative growth that spreads over the surface of a comparatively large Wet Blue or Wet White specimen over a period of four weeks.6.5 The environmental chamber can be kept inoculated with fungi representative of those found in tanneries by adding samples of Wet Blue and Wet White with fungal growth from currently operating tanneries.6.6 Control specimens of Wet Blue and Wet White without fungicide treatment can be added to the chamber periodically to increase levels of fungal growth in the chamber.6.7 Leaching of fungicide from the test specimen into the agar often causes a zone of inhibition of fungal growth in the Petri dish test, but in the environmental chamber any leaching of fungicide from the test specimen drips into the water contained in the chamber and thus does not cause the types of false readings observed in the Petri dish test.1.1 This environmental chamber method measures the resistance of the treated Wet Blue and Wet White to the germination of spores and subsequent vegetative growth over a period of four weeks. The test method is useful in estimating the performance of fungicides and should assist in the prediction of storage time of Wet Blue and Wet White before fungal growth begins. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily built or obtained by any interested party and duplicate the natural environment in which Wet Blue and Wet White is inoculated with fungal spores. Spores that germinate on untreated or treated Wet Blue and Wet White can produce fungal growth, resulting in disfigurement or discoloration, or both, of the Wet Blue and Wet White.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 An accelerated test for determining the resistance of interior coatings to mold growth is useful in estimating the performance of coatings designed for use in interior environments that promote mold growth and in evaluating compounds that may inhibit such growth and the aggregate levels for their use (see also Note 1).3.2 This test method should preferably be used by persons who have had basic microbiological training.1.1 This test method describes the use of an environmental chamber and operating conditions to evaluate the relative resistance of interior coatings to surface fungal growth in a severe interior environment during a 4-week period.1.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the comparative resistance of interior coatings to accelerated mold growth. Performance at a certain rating does not imply any specific period of time for a fungal free coating. However, a better rated coating nearly always performs better in actual end use.NOTE 1: This test method is intended for the accelerated evaluation of an interior coatings’ resistance to fungal defacement. Use of this test method for evaluating exterior coatings’ performance has not been validated, nor have the limitations for such use been determined. If this test method is to be used for the testing of an exterior coating system, a precautionary statement regarding interpretation of results as being outside of the scope of this test method must be included in the test report. Any accelerated weathering (leaching, weathering machine exposure, etc.) should be reported and should also bear reference to the fact that it is beyond the current scope of this test method.1.3 Temperature and humidity must be effectively controlled within the relatively narrow limits specified in order for the chamber to function reproducibly during the short test period. Severity and rate of mold growth on a film is a function of the moisture content of both the film and the substrate. A relative humidity of >93 % at a temperature of 32.5 ± 1 °C (90 ± 2 °F ) is necessary to initiate and maintain mold growth and for test panels to develop rapidly and maintain an adequate moisture level to support mold growth.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The ICN value determined by this test method provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil used in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners, fuel producers and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel ICN determinations to the full scale, variable speed, variable load diesel engine is not completely understood.5.4 This test can be applied to non-conventional diesel fuels.5.5 This test determines ICN; it requires a sample of approximately 40 mL and a test time of approximately 25 min.5.6 This test method is based on the Energy Institute Test Method IP 617.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the indicated cetane number (ICN) of conventional diesel fuel oils, and diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives; it is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D and 2-D diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and CAN/CGSB-3.520. The test method is also applicable to biodiesel, blends of diesel fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, materials as specified in Specifications D975, D6751, D7467 and European standards EN 14214, EN 16734, and EN 16709), diesel fuels from non-petroleum origin, hydrocarbon oils, diesel fuel oil blending components, aviation turbine fuels, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME).1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with direct fuel injection into heated compressed air. The apparatus is calibrated using blends of reference fuels. ICN is determined directly from ignition delay using an instrument specific reference fuel calibration curve.1.3 This test method and its precision cover the calibrated range of 35 ICN to 85 ICN, inclusive. The analyzer can measure ICN outside the calibrated range, but the precision has not been determined.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Chamber testing is a globally-accepted method for measuring the emissions of VOCs from building materials and products. Chamber emission test data have a variety of uses including identification and labeling of products as low-VOC emitting for improved indoor air quality, manufacturing quality control, and development of new and improved products for reduced VOC emissions.5.2 Currently, an inter-laboratory study (ILS) is the most frequently used method for assessing the bias of a laboratory’s VOC emission test results. An ILS typically relies on a VOC source with an uncharacterized emission rate. Consequently, a large number of participants (Practice E691 recommends 30, with a minimum requirement of six) are needed to produce the data required to calculate a laboratory’s performance relative to the central tendency and distribution of the results for all participants. Due to the participant size requirement and other logistical issues, an ILS involves significant planning and coordination to achieve useful results.5.3 Inter-laboratory studies have often shown significant variations in measured VOC emission rates among participating laboratories for a given source. Variability in the emission rate from the source often is suspected to be a contributing factor, but it is difficult to be certain of the cause. Thus, better characterized sources are needed for evaluating the ability of laboratories to generate VOC emission test results with acceptable bias as discussed in 8.6.5.4 Proficiency tests (PT) for VOC emission testing typically focus on a laboratory’s analytical capabilities. For example, an analytical PT relies on a certified standard prepared by an accredited vendor as a reference. A laboratory analyzes the PT sample without knowledge of its concentration value. Acceptance of the results is judged by the deviation from the known value. Use of reference materials can expand analytical PT schemes to also include the impacts of test sample handling, test specimen preparation, chamber operation, and chamber air sampling.5.5 Laboratories accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 are required to derive uncertainty estimates for their test results. Typically, this is done by developing an uncertainty budget and estimating an expanded uncertainty (ISO/IEC Guide 98, Practice D7440). Reference materials not accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 should still be delivered with documented uncertainty budgets. An uncertainty budget for a VOC emission test combines relevant sources of measurement uncertainty for all steps in the testing process from test specimen preparation through air sample analysis. A more efficient approach to determining the overall bias and precision for a VOC emission test is with repeated testing of a reference material (see ISO/IEC Guide 98, ISO Guide 33). This guide addresses the estimation of bias through comparison of the measured value to the reference material value. The precision is determined through repeated testing of multiple reference materials, ideally from the same production batch (see Practices D6299 and E691).5.6 Other uses of an emissions reference material include verifying quality control emission measurements of manufactured product batches and providing traceability for third party certification.1.1 This guide provides procedures for using a reference material with a known emission rate of a volatile organic compound (VOC) to estimate the bias associated with a VOC emission chamber test.1.2 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions conducted in a variety of environmental chambers, such as small-scale chambers, full-scale chambers, emission cells, and micro-scale chambers.1.3 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions from a variety of sources including “dry” materials (for example, carpet, floor tile and particleboard) and “wet” materials (for example, paint and cleaning products).1.4 This guide can be used to support quality control efforts by emissions testing laboratories, third party accreditation of testing laboratories participating in emissions testing programs, and quality control efforts by manufacturers of building and other materials.1.5 This guide may be used to support the determination of precision and bias of other commonly used VOC emission standards including Guide D5116, Test Method D6007, ISO 16000-9, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1, and CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.2.1.6 This guide also describes the attributes of a suitable emission reference material and the different methods available to independently determine the reference material’s VOC emission rate.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of effective pumping speed of complete vacuum-chamber systems. The test method is suitable for all types of vacuum systems operating at pressures below 1 X 10 torr and for chambers larger than approximately 10 ft (0.3 m ). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The ID and CD values and the DCN value determined by this test method provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil used in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.5.4 This test can be applied to non-conventional diesel fuels.5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 370 mL and a test time of approximately 30 min using a fit-for-use instrument.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No.1-D and 2-D regular, low and ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517, CAN/CGSB-3.520, and CAN/CGSB-3.522. The test method may be applied to the quantitative determination of the derived cetane number of biodiesel, blends of diesel fuel oils containing biodiesel material (for example, Specifications D975, D6751, and D7467), and diesel fuel oil blending components.1.2 This test method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed synthetic air. A dynamic pressure wave is produced from the combustion of the sample. An equation converts the ignition delay and the combustion delay determined from the dynamic pressure curve to a derived cetane number (DCN).1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay ranging from 1.9 ms to 25 ms and combustion delay ranging from 2.5 ms to 160 ms (30 DCN to 70 DCN). However, the precision stated only covers the range of DCN results from 38.45 to 64.35.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 When applied in the case in which there is no test item in the vacuum chamber (such as during bake-out operations), this procedure may be used to evaluate the performance of the vacuum chamber in relation to other data from the same or other chambers given that critical parameters (for example, length of exposure, temperature of the chamber and cold finger, anisotropy, and so forth) can be related.5.2 The procedure can be used to evaluate the effects of materials found in the residue on items placed in the vacuum chamber.5.3 The procedure can be used to describe the effect of a prior test on the residual gases within a vacuum chamber.5.4 By selecting the time at which the coolant is introduced into the cold finger, the environment present during a selected portion of a test can be characterized. This can be used to determine the relative efficacy of certain vacuum chamber procedures such as bake-out.5.5 The procedure may be used to define the outgassed products of a test item that condense on the cold finger.5.6 The procedure may be used in defining the relative cleanliness of a vacuum chamber.5.7 In applying the results of the procedure to the vacuum chamber in general, consideration must be given to the anisotropy of the molecular fluxes within the chamber.5.8 The procedure is sensitive to both the partial pressures of the gases that form the condensibles and the time of exposure of the cold finger at coolant temperatures.5.9 The procedure is sensitive to any losses of sample that may occur during the various transfer operations and during that procedure wherein the solvent is evaporated by heating it on a steam bath.NOTE 1: Reactions between solvent and condensate can occur and would affect the analysis.1.1 This practice covers a technique for collecting samples of materials that are part of the residual gas environment of an evacuated vacuum chamber. The practice uses a device designated as a “cold finger” that is placed within the environment to be sampled and is cooled so that constituents of the environment are retained on the cold-finger surface.1.2 The practice covers a method for obtaining a sample from the cold finger and determining the weight of the material removed from the cold finger.1.3 The practice contains recommendations as to ways in which the sample may be analyzed to identify the constituents that comprise the sample.1.4 By determining the species that constitute the sample, the practice may be used to assist in defining the source of the constituents and whether the sample is generally representative of samples similarly obtained from the vacuum chamber itself.1.5 This practice covers alternative approaches and usages to which the practice can be put.1.6 The degree of molecular flux anisotropy significantly affects the assurance with which one can attribute characteristics determined by this procedure to the vacuum chamber environment in general.1.7 The temperature of the cold finger significantly affects the quantity and species of materials collected.1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 8.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines. It can also be useful in research or when there is interest in the ignition delay of a diesel fuel under the conditions of this test method.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.5.4 This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels.5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 100 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, hydrocarbon oils, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D975 grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, and No. 1-D S5000, and grades No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500, and No. 2-D S5000 diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.520. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay of a diesel fuel injected directly into a constant volume combustion chamber containing heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D613, resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from 2.64 ms to 6.90 ms (75.1 DCN to 31.5 DCN). The combustion analyzer can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may be affected. For these shorter or longer ignition delays the correlation equation for DCN is given in Appendix X2.1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with the parameters of this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the parameter, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is to help in the development of protocols to assess the survival, removal and/or inactivation of human pathogens or their surrogates in indoor air. It accommodates the testing of technologies based on physical (for example, UV light) and chemical agents (for example, vaporized hydrogen peroxide) or simple microbial removal by air filtration or a combination thereof.5.2 While this practice is designed primarily for work with aerobic, mesophilic vegetative bacteria, it can be readily adapted to handle other classes of microbial pathogens or their surrogates.5.3 The pieces of equipment given here are as examples only. Other similar devices may be used as appropriate.1.1 This practice is to assess technologies for microbial decontamination of indoor air using a sealed, room-sized chamber (~24 m3) as recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (3). The test microbe is aerosolized inside the chamber where a fan uniformly mixes the aerosols and keeps them airborne. Samples of the air are collected and assayed, firstly to determine the rates of physical and biological decay of the test microbe, and then to assess the air decontaminating activity of the technology under test as log10 or percentage reductions in viability per m3 (1). The air temperature and relative humidity (RH) in the chamber are measured and recorded during each test.1.2 The chamber can be used to assess microbial survival in indoor air as well as to test the ability of physical (for example, ultraviolet light) and chemical agents (for example, vaporized hydrogen peroxide) to inactivate representative pathogens or their surrogates in indoor air.1.3 This practice does not cover testing of microbial contamination introduced into the chamber as a dry powder.1.4 This practice does not cover work with human pathogenic viruses, which require additional safety and technical considerations.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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