5.1 This standard is intended for use by researchers and designers to assess the stability of articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems in order to achieve stable hydraulic performance under the erosive force of flowing water.5.2 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form an erosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic performance characteristics. The system includes a filter layer compatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration and exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The filter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly graded granular media, or both. The blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.5.3 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces of flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the system to conform to changes in the subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of block interlock or additional system components such as cables, ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or other connecting devices, or combinations thereof.5.4 The definition of articulating concrete block systems does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking block geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods of manufacturing or placement. This standard does not specify size restrictions for individual block units. Block systems are available in either open-cell or closed-cell varieties.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide recommended guidelines for the analysis and interpretation of hydraulic test data for articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems under steep slope, high velocity flow conditions in a rectangular open channel. Data from tests performed under controlled laboratory conditions are used to quantify stability performance of ACB systems under hydraulic loading. This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with Test Method D7277.1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor can this document be applied without considerations of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The user of the standard is responsible for any and all conversions to other systems of units. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 An articulating concrete block revetment system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form an erosion-resistant revetment with specific hydraulic performance characteristics. The system includes a filter layer compatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration and exfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The filter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, properly graded granular media, or both. The concrete blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.5.2 ACB revetment system are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces of flowing water. The term “articulating,” as used in this standard, implies the ability of individual concrete blocks of the system to conform to changes in subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of geometric interlock, cables, ropes, geotextiles, geogrids, or combination thereof.5.3 The definition of ACB revetment system does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking block geometries, between cable-tied and non-cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods of manufacturing or placement. Furthermore, the definition does not restrict or limit the block size, shape, strength, or longevity; however, guidelines and recommendations regarding these factors are incorporated into this standard. Blocks are available in either open-cell or closed-cell configurations.1.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide specifications for the hydraulic testing of full-scale articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systems under controlled laboratory conditions for purposes of identifying stability performance in steep slope, high-velocity flows. The testing protocols, including system installation, test procedures, measurement techniques, analysis techniques, and reporting requirements are described in this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting or use of units other than inch-pound shall not be considered non-conformance as long as the selected parameters described regarding flume construction by the inch-pound system used in this method are met as a minimum.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded and calculated in this Guide are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose of obtaining the data, special purpose studies or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 1911元 / 折扣价： 1625 元

5.1 This test method is used to measure the volume rate of flow of water moving in rivers and streams and moving over or through large man-made structures. It can also be used to calibrate such measuring structures as dams and flumes. Measurements may be made from bridges, cableways, or boats; by wading; or through holes cut in an ice cover.5.2 This test method is used in conjunction with determinations of physical, chemical, and biological quality and sediment loadings where the flow rate is a required parameter.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume rate of flow of water in open channels by determining the flow velocity and cross-sectional area and computing the discharge therefrom (Refs (1-7)).21.2 The procedures described in this test method are widely used by those responsible for the collection of streamflow data, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water Survey Canada, and many state and provincial agencies. The procedures are generally from internal documents of the above listed agencies, which have become the defacto standards as used in North America.1.3 This test method covers the use of current meters to measure flow velocities. Discharge measurements may be made to establish isolated single values, or may be made in sets or in a series at various stages or water-level elevations to establish a stage-discharge relation at a site. In either case, the same test method is followed for obtaining field data and computation of discharge.1.4 Measurements for the purpose of determining the discharge in efficiency tests of hydraulic turbines are specified in International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 413 for the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines, and are not included in this test method.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Thin-plate weirs are reliable and simple devices that have the potential for highly accurate flow measurements. With proper selection of the shape of the overflow section a wide range of discharges can be covered; the recommendations in this test method are based on experiments with flow rates from about 0.008 ft 3/s (0.00023 m  3/s) to about 50 ft 3/s (1.4 m 3/s).5.2 Thin-plate weirs are particularly suitable for use in water and wastewater without significant amounts of solids and in locations where a head loss is affordable.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the volumetric flow rate of water and wastewater in channels with thin-plate weirs. Information related to this test method can be found in Rantz (1)2 and Ackers (2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is particularly useful to determine the discharge when it cannot be measured directly with some type of current meter to obtain velocities and sounding equipment to determine the cross section. See Test Method D3858.5.2 Even under the best of conditions, the personnel available cannot cover all points of interest during a major flood. The engineer or technician cannot always obtain reliable results by direct methods if the stage is rising or falling very rapidly, if flowing ice or debris interferes with depth or velocity measurements, or if the cross section of an alluvial channel is scouring or filling significantly.5.3 Under flood conditions, access roads may be blocked, cableways and bridges may be washed out, and knowledge of the flood frequently comes too late. Therefore, some type of indirect measurement is necessary. The use of culverts to determine discharges is a commonly used practice.1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge (the volume rate of flow) of water in open channels or streams using culverts as metering devices. In general, this test method does not apply to culverts with drop inlets, and applies only to a limited degree to culverts with tapered inlets. Information related to this test method can be found in ISO 748 and ISO 1070.1.2 This test method produces the discharge for a flood event if high-water marks are used. However, a complete stage-discharge relation may be obtained, either manually or by using a computer program, for a gauge located at the approach section to a culvert.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 918元 / 折扣价： 781 元 加购物车

5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual-track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams can be assessed for continuity and watertightness. The test is not intended to provide any indication of the physical strength of the seam.5.2 This practice recommends an air pressure test within the channel created between dual-seamed tracks whereby the presence of unbonded sections or channels, voids, nonhomogenities, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the seamed region can be identified.5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams between geomembrane sheets formulated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingredients to form a plastic or elastomer sheet material that meets all specified requirements for the end use of the product.1.1 This practice covers a nondestructive evaluation of the continuity of parallel geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this practice more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.1.2 This practice should not be used as a substitute for destructive testing. Used in conjunction with destructive testing, this method can provide additional information regarding the seams undergoing testing.1.3 This practice supercedes Practice D4437/D4437M for geomembrane seams that include an air channel. Practice D4437/D4437M may continue to be used for other types of seams. The user is referred to the referenced standards or to EPA/530/SW-91/051 for additional information regarding geomembrane seaming techniques and construction quality assurance.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a guide as to the amount of volatile matter that will be emitted from a channel glazing compound when tested by this test method.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the volatility of oil- and resin-based, knife-grade, channel glazing compounds.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is particularly useful for determining the discharge at a gaging station or a location where discharge information is repeatedly needed.5.2 This practice is applicable only for open-channel flow conditions where channel hydraulics permit a stable relation between stage and discharge.1.1 This practice covers the development of a curve relating stage (elevation) to discharge. Standard test methods have been documented for measuring discharge and for measuring stage (see Practice D3858, and Test Methods D5129, D5130, D5243, D5388, and D5413). This practice takes the discharge and stage determined by each respective test method and shows a relation between them using a curved line. This curved line is called a stage-discharge relation or rating curve.1.2 The procedures described in this practice are used commonly by those responsible for investigations of streamflow, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, and U.S Agriculture Research Service. For the most part, these procedures are adapted from reports of the U.S. Geological Survey.2,31.3 The procedures described in this practice apply only to simple freely flowing open-channel flow. Ratings for complex hydraulic conditions of extremely low slope channels using multiple-stage inputs, channels affected by man-induced regulation, or tidal conditions are not described. These types of ratings are described in detail in the documents listed in Footnotes 2 and 3.2,31.4 This practice uses the results of current-meter discharge measurements or indirect discharge measurements and the corresponding measured stage to define as much of the stage-discharge relation curve as possible. A theoretical curve is developed for the full range of stage and discharge to shape the curve.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers flanged U-channel carbon steel posts having a nominal weight ranging from 0.75 to 6.0 lb/ft and a nominal width ranging from 1.25 to 4.0 in. These posts are furnished in the as-wrought condition intended for applications requiring high tensile strength or crashworthiness and with a lower carbon (LC) designation for use where higher ductility or improved weldability are required. This specification indicates that tension tests and tensile tests are conducted on the flanged steel U-channel posts, and notes that retesting for failed mechanical properties may be permitted.1.1 This specification covers flanged U-channel carbon steel posts having a nominal weight ranging from 0.75 lb/ft to 6.0 lb/ft and a nominal width ranging from 1.25 in. to 4.0 in. These posts are furnished in the as-wrought condition intended for applications requiring high tensile strength or crashworthiness and with a lower carbon (LC) designation for use where higher ductility or improved weldability are required. These materials are available in multiple yield strength levels of 50 ksi, 60 ksi, 70 ksi, and 80 ksi (345 MPa, 420 MPa, 485 MPa, and 550 MPa). The 50 ksi and 60 ksi (345 MPa and 420 MPa) yield strength grades are available as lower carbon posts, designated as Grades 50LC or 60LC.NOTE 1: This specification does not cover high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) post. Refer to Specification A572/A572M for HSLA. For structural Grade 36, refer to Specification A36/A36M.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers a laboratory determination of the slump of a knife-grade, oil-base, channel glazing compound. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This guide provides test methods for evaluating the performance characteristics of a brush part designed to clean internal channel(s) of a medical device.5.1.1 The force required to move a brush part within a tube, an indicator of the friction a brush exerts on a surface, is a parameter of cleaning effectiveness and should be measured.5.1.2 The removal of soil from a tube by a brush part moved in a tube is a further indicator of the effectiveness of a brush to loosen and remove soil from a tube and should be measured.5.2 By providing objective, repeatable methods for evaluating performance, this guide can improve the ability to assess the effectiveness, under test conditions, of various brush part designs.1.1 Brushes used to clean a medical device after clinical use play an important role in effective reprocessing. This guide describes methods for characterizing, under prescribed laboratory conditions, the efficacy of brush parts designed to clean the internal channels of medical devices. The methods utilize a force tester to mechanically actuate a brush part within a channel: (1) Methods to measure, at an established speed, the force required to move a brush within a channel; (2) Methods utilize the same force tester and protocols to measure soil removal from a soiled tube, another indicator of performance.1.2 Inclusions: 1.2.1 This guide describes objective, quantifiable, and reproducible methods for evaluating the cleaning characteristics of a brush part under prescribed laboratory conditions, with test methods that simulate the cleaning challenge of a defined target area(s) of a medical device. This also makes possible the comparison of one design of a brush part to another.1.2.2 In this guide, a brush part is one that is intended to be moved within a tube.1.2.3 Tubes used for testing described in this guide are cylindrical and uniform in diameter. The test methods describe may not apply to non-cylindrical tubes.1.2.4 By use of this guide, medical device manufacturers can characterize the brush part designed for cleaning their device.1.2.5 By use of this guide, manufacturers of cleaning brushes can evaluate and characterize the cleaning performance of their brushes for the target area(s) of medical device(s), including allowing a comparison with existing brush part designs offered on the market. Further, they are able to evaluate modifications to designs and construction that might improve performance.1.2.6 This information can also be shared with the users of the brushes (medical device reprocessors) to help them evaluate the performance of commercially available brushes.1.3 Exclusions: 1.3.1 This guide does not assess potential damage that may be inflicted by the brush. For instance, brushes with rigid bristles (for example, stainless steel or other metals) or other abrasive materials are more likely to damage medical devices than brushes with flexible bristles (for example, nylon) or more pliable materials. Potential damage from more abrasive materials should be assessed.1.3.2 This guide does not specify acceptance criteria, and the results will be dependent on the specific parameters (for example, test soil, drying time, channel inside diameter and material, and so forth) that are tested.1.3.3 This guide is not intended to constitute all steps required to conduct validation of cleaning instructions for a medical device, including the use of brushes for this purpose, but provides methods that may be part of a broader protocol to conduct a complete cleaning instructions validation.1.3.4 If a brush is intended to clean a specific device(s), cleaning validation shall include testing with that device(s).1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers a nondestructive evaluation of the strength and continuity of parallel PVC geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this specification more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.1.2 This specification can be used as a substitute for destructive testing or used in conjunction with destructive testing.1.3 This specification covers PVC sheet 0.760 mm [0.030 in.] and thicker.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Purpose:5.1.1 This test method covers the use of fluorescent dye tracers in streams to determine the rate that a solute moves along a streamline for a given river reach and the rate at which a solute disperses as it moves downstream.5.1.2 Accurate measurements of a stream's velocity and dispersion coefficient that can be determined by a tracer study are important parameters for water-quality models.5.1.3 Determined in advance to potential spilled or released noxious substances, velocity and dispersion rates are used to predict the time of arrival, passage time, and maximum concentration. Public health officials need this information to decide whether, when, and how long to suspend operations of public water-supply intakes in the reach downstream of a spill.5.2 Assumptions:5.2.1 This test method assumes that the dye tracer behaves in the same manner as the water in which it is injected. Dispersion and mixing of the tracer in the receiving river occur in all three dimensions of the channel. Longitudinal mixing is unending since boundaries do not exist in this direction.5.2.2 The tracer response curve at a point downstream from the point of tracer injection can be represented by plotting the tracer concentration against elapsed time since the injection (Fig. 1).5.2.3 A tracer response curve has four important characteristics: the elapsed time to the response curve's leading edge; elapsed time to the response curve's peak concentration; elapsed time to the response curve's centroid; and elapsed time to response curve trailing edge at 2 % of the peak concentration.5.2.4 Between two monitoring locations separated by a long stream length, the time-of-travel for individual response curve characteristics is the difference in the elapsed times since injection for that characteristic at the two locations.5.2.5 The duration or time of passage of a tracer response curve at a particular river location is the difference between the slowest trailing edge elapsed time since injection and the earliest leading edge elapsed time since injection determined in the cross section.5.3 Tracers:5.3.1 Conservative tracers used to investigate fluid motion are generally extrinsic, artificial, and chemical substances and are usually classified according to the methods of detection used and chemical composition.5.3.2 Properties to be considered when selecting a tracer for a study include detectability, toxicity, solubility, cost, natural background concentration, and sorption characteristics.5.3.3 Fluorescent dye tracers such as Rhodamine WT, pontacyl pink, and acid yellow 7 are generally good chemical tracers. Rhodamine WT has the most numerous qualities preferred by many state and federal agencies for open-channel studies.5.3.4 Other tracers can be used when water-quality or physical conditions are not suitable for the use of fluorescent dyes in a proposed study reach. These include salt-based chemical tracers such as sodium chloride, radioactive tracers such as tritium, and tracers determined with neutron activation analysis such as bromine and lithium (3).5.3.5 These tracers are considered to be generally conservative and, in terms of this test method, differ primarily in the apparatus required to measure the concentrations in the study reach. Discussions in subsequent sections will be limited to fluorescent dye because of the simplicity of fluorometric analysis.5.3.6 Different tracers require varied levels of permits before being introduced into the environment. For example, radioactive tracers require permits from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and usually state and local permits. Fluorescent dye tracers do not usually require formal permits for use in a study.1.1 This test method covers a means of measuring the time-of-travel of water and waterborne solutes by the use of dye tracers and tracing techniques. This test method is similar to methods developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and described in other referenced documents.1.2 This test method describes the dye tracers, measuring equipment used, and field and laboratory procedures customarily used.1.3 This test method describes the methods of tracer study analysis and data presentation.1.4 The user of this test method should address the following concerns regarding the use of tracers in water bodies:1.4.1 Determine whether the chemical has clearance or approval or has potential or preceived impacts relating to potable, industrial, irrigation, or fish and wildlife use.1.4.2 Determine whether approvals are required by involved agencies.1.4.3 Document contacts regarding notification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units except for chemical concentrations and liquid volumes for step dilutions, which are stated in SI units, are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 9.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Broad-crested weirs can be used for accurate measurements of a wide range of flow rates, but their structural simplicity and sturdiness make them particularly useful for measuring large flows under field conditions.5.2 Because they require vertical sidewalls, broad-crested weirs are particularly adaptable to rectangular artificial channels or to natural and artificial channels that can readily be lined with vertical sidewalls in the immediate vicinity of the weir.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the volumetric flow rate of water in open channels with two types of horizontal broad-crested weirs: those having a square (sharp) upstream corner and those having a well-rounded upstream corner.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元