定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

5.1 Results from this test method suggest the degree of aerobic, aquatic biodegradation of a lubricant or lubricant component. The rate and extent of oxygen consumption is measured upon exposure of the test material to an inoculum within the confines of a controlled laboratory setting. Test materials which achieve a high degree of biodegradation in this test may be assumed to easily biodegrade in many aerobic aquatic environments.5.2 Because of the stringency of this test method, low results do not necessarily mean that the test material is not biodegradable under environmental conditions, but indicate that further testing is necessary to establish biodegradability.5.3 If the pH value at the end of the test is outside the range from 6 to 8 and if the percentage degradation of the test material is less than 50 %, it is advisable to repeat the test with a lower concentration of the test material or a higher concentration of the buffer solution, or both.5.4 A reference or control material known to biodegrade under the conditions of this test method is necessary in order to verify the activity of the inoculum. The test must be regarded as invalid and shall be repeated using a fresh inoculum if the reference material does not demonstrate biodegradation to the extent of >60 % of the ThO2 within 28 days.5.5 Information on the toxicity of the test material to the inoculum may be useful in the interpretation of low biodegradation results. Toxicity of the test material to the inoculum may be evaluated by testing the test material in combination with the reference material in inhibition control systems. If an inhibition control is included, the test material is assumed to be inhibiting if the degradation percentage of the reference material is lower than 40 % (ISO 8192). In this case, it is advisable to repeat the test with lower concentrations of the test material.5.6 Total oxygen utilization in the blank at the end of the test exceeding 60 mg O2/L invalidates the test.5.7 The water solubility or dispersibility of the lubricant or component may influence the results obtained and hence comparison of test results may be limited to lubricants or components with similar solubilities.5.8 The behaviors of complex mixtures are not always consistent with the individual properties of the components. Test results for individual lubricant components may be suggestive of whether a mixture containing these components (that is, fully formulated lubricants) is biodegradable, but such information should be used judiciously.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the degree of biodegradability of lubricants or their components in an aerobic aqueous medium on exposure to an inoculum under controlled laboratory conditions. This test method is an ultimate biodegradation test that measures oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the biodegradation of volatile as well as nonvolatile lubricants or lubricant components.1.3 This test method is applicable to lubricants and lubricant components which are not toxic and not inhibitory to the test microorganisms at the test concentration.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 10.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Extraction of organic pollutants from wastes can provide information on the susceptibility of compounds to leeching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.5.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of organic solvents, reduces sample extraction times.5.3 Small amounts of solvents (30 mL) are used resulting in reduced sample preparation cost and time.1.1 This practice describes the closed vessel microwave extraction of soils, sediments, sludges, and wastes for subsequent determination of solvent extractable semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds by such techniques as gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.1.1.1 Compounds listed in Tables 1–5 can be extracted from the preceding materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples that will pass through a 10-mesh (approximately 2-mm opening) screen.1.3 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each compound is dependent on the gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials, products, or assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen in the form and thickness tested and are not inherent fundamental properties of the material, product, or assembly tested.5.2 This test method uses a photometric scale to measure smoke obscuration, which is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. The test method does not measure physiological aspects associated with vision.5.3 At the present time no basis exists for predicting the smoke obscuration to be generated by the specimens upon exposure to heat or flame under any fire conditions other than those specified. Moreover, as with many smoke obscuration test methods, the correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established.5.4 The current smoke density chamber test, Test Method E662, is used by specifiers of floor coverings and in the rail transportation industries. The measurement of smoke obscuration is important to the researcher and the product development scientist. This test method, which incorporates improvements over Test Method E662, also will increase the usefulness of smoke obscuration measurements to the specifier and to product manufacturers.5.4.1 The following are improvements offered by this test method over Test Method E662: the horizontal specimen orientation solves the problem of melting and flaming drips from vertically oriented specimens; the conical heat source provides a more uniform heat input; the heat input can be varied over a range of up to 50 kW/m2, rather than having a fixed value of 25 kW/m2; and, the (optional) load cell permits calculations to be made of mass optical density, which associates the smoke obscuration fire-test-response characteristic measured with the mass loss.5.5 Limitations8: 5.5.1 The following behavior during a test renders that test invalid: a specimen being displaced from the zone of controlled irradiance so as to touch the pilot burner or the pilot flame; extinction of the pilot flame (even for a short period of time) in the flaming mode; molten material overflowing the specimen holder; or, self-ignition in the nonflaming mode.5.5.2 As is usual in small-scale test methods, results obtained from this test method have proven to be affected by variations in specimen geometry, surface orientation, thickness (either overall or individual layer), mass, and composition.5.5.3 The results of the test apply only to the thickness of the specimen as tested. No simple mathematical formula exists to calculate the specific optical density of a specimen at a specimen thickness different from the thickness at which it was tested. The literature contains some information on a relationship between optical density and specimen thickness (1).95.5.4 Results obtained from this test method are affected by variations in the position of the specimen and radiometer relative to the radiant heat source, since the relative positioning affects the radiant heat flux (see also Appendix X2).5.5.5 The test results have proven sensitive to excessive accumulations of residue in the chamber, which serve as additional insulators, tending to reduce normally expected condensation of the aerosol, thereby raising the measured specific optical density (see 5.5.8.3 and 11.1.2).5.5.6 The measurements obtained have also proven sensitive to differences in conditioning (see Section 10). Many materials, products, or assemblies, such as some carpeting, wood, plastics, or textiles, require long periods to attain equilibrium (constant weight) even in a forced-draft conditioning chamber. This sensitivity reflects the inherent natural variability of the sample and is not specific to the test method.5.5.7 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not necessarily possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured; therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.5.5.8 This test method solves some limitations associated with other closed chamber test methods, such as Test Method E662 (2-6) (see 5.4.1). The test method retains some limitations related to closed chamber tests, as detailed in 5.5.8.1 – 5.5.8.5.5.5.8.1 Information relating the specific optical density obtained by this test method to the mass lost by the specimen during the test is possible only by using the (optional) load cell, to determine the mass optical density (see Annex A1).5.5.8.2 All specimens consume oxygen when combusted. The smoke generation of some specimens (especially those undergoing rapid combustion and those which are heavy and multilayered) is influenced by the oxygen concentration in the chamber. Thus, if the atmosphere inside the chamber becomes oxygen-deficient before the end of the experiment, combustion may ceases for some specimens; therefore, it is possible that those layers furthest away from the radiant source will not undergo combustion.5.5.8.3 The presence of walls causes losses through deposition of combustion particulates.5.5.8.4 Soot and other solid or liquid combustion products settle on the optical surfaces during a test, resulting in potentially higher smoke density measurements than those due to the smoke in suspension.5.5.8.5 This test method does not carry out dynamic measurements as smoke simply continues filling a closed chamber; therefore, the smoke obscuration values obtained do not represent conditions of open fires.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring smoke obscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), not exceeding 25 mm (1 in.) in thickness, in a horizontal orientation, exposed to specified levels of thermal irradiance, from a conical heater, in the presence of a pilot flame, in a single closed chamber. Optional testing modes exclude the pilot flame.NOTE 1: The equipment used for this test method is technically equivalent to that used in ISO 5659-2 and in NFPA 270.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method is the specific optical density of smoke from the specimens tested, which is obtained as a function of time, for a period of 10 min.1.4 An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurable with this test method is the mass optical density (see Annex A1), which is the specific optical density of smoke divided by the mass lost by the specimens during the test.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or assembly.1.6 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For limitations of this test method, see 5.5.1.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also 6.2.1.2, Section 7, and 11.7.2.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.5.4 These test methods use a smaller sample (2 mL to 4 mL) and a shorter test time (1 min to 2 min) than traditional test methods.5.5 Method A, IP 524 and EN ISO 3680 are similar methods for flash no-flash tests. Method B, IP 523 and EN ISO 3679 are similar methods for flash point determination.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for flash point tests, within the range of –30 °C to 300 °C, of petroleum products and biodiesel liquid fuels, using a small scale closed cup tester. The procedures may be used to determine, whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or the flash point of a sample (Method B). When used in conjunction with an electronic thermal flash detector, these test methods are also suitable for flash point tests on biodiesels such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See also the Material Safety Data Sheets for the product being tested.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) foam or copolymers thereof. Materials shall be produced in sheet, strip, molded, or simple specific shapes. Complete details about apparatuses needed, specimen preparation, and procedures for the testing of compression deflection, compression set under constant deflection, and water absorption are thoroughly itemized.1.1 This specification covers flexible closed-cell or non-interconnecting cellular products, the elastomer content of which is predominantly poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.1.2 In the case of conflict between the provisions of this specification and those of detailed specifications or methods of test for a particular product, the latter shall take precedence.1.3 Reference to the methods for testing closed-cell poly(vinyl chloride) contained herein shall specifically state the particular test or tests desired and not refer to these methods of test as a whole.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portions only of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers requirements, test methods, materials, and marking for closed-cell cellular polypropylene (PP), open bottom, buried chambers of corrugated wall construction used for collection, detention, and retention of stormwater runoff. Applications include commercial, residential, agricultural, and highway drainage, including installation under parking lots and roadways.1.2 Chambers are produced in arch shapes with dimensions based on chamber rise, chamber span, and wall stiffness. Chambers are manufactured with integral feet that provide base support. Perforations to enhance water flow are permitted. Chambers must meet test requirements for arch stiffness, and flattening. Chamber end caps shall be produced of PP or polyethylene (PE) by a suitable manufacturing process provided that all other product requirements in this standard are met.1.3 Analysis and experience have shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the type and depth of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. This specification includes requirements for the manufacturer to provide chamber installation instructions to the purchaser.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address water quality issues or hydraulic performance requirements associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate engineering analysis is performed to evaluate the water quality issues and hydraulic performance requirements for each installation.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method may be used as an aid to design geotextile container systems that contain fine-grained, high water content slurries such as dredged materials to meet special environmental or operational requirements. This test is often used to demonstrate the efficacy of geotextile dewatering to regulatory agencies in determining the amount of dredged material sediment passing through a geotextile and the flow rate for specific high water content materials.5.2 The designer can use this test method to assess the quantity of fine-grained dredged material sediment that may pass through the geotextile container into the environment.5.3 This test method is intended for evaluation of a specific material, as the results will depend on the specific high water content slurry and geotextile evaluated and the location of the geotextile container below or above water. It is recommended that the user or a design representative perform the test because geotextile manufacturers are not typically equipped to handle or test fine-grained slurries.5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating geotextile containers with different dredged materials or high water content materials under various conditions. The number of times this test is repeated depends on the users and the test conditions.5.5 This test method may not simulate site conditions and the user is cautioned to carefully evaluate how the results are applied.1.1 This test method is used to determine the flow rate of water and suspended solids through a geosynthetic permeable closed bag used to contain high water content slurry such as dredged material.1.2 The results for the water and sediment that pass through the geotextile bag are shown as liters of water per time period, and the percent total suspended solids in milligrams per liter or parts per million.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of a quantity of solids and water through the bag over a specific time period.1.4 This test method requires several pieces of specified equipment such as an integrated water sampler, analytical balance, geotextile bag, stand clear PVC pipes, testing frame, and clean containers to collect the decant water and a representative sample of high water content material from the proposed dredge area or slurry source.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification deals with polymer precoated, closed rib steel pipes intended for use for storm water drainage, underdrains, the construction of culverts, and similar uses. The pipes covered here are not normally used for conveyance of sanitary or industrial wastes, and are of Type ICR, which have a full circular cross section and single thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated with outwardly projecting closed helical ribs. The steel sheet used for fabricating the pipe has a polymer protective coating over a zinc metallic coating. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load and sheet thickness of the pipe. Pipes shall conform to dimensional and physical requirements such as nominal inside diameter, closed rib profile size, rib width, depth and spacing, sheet thickness, and lock seam tensile strength per unit width. Damaged coatings shall be repaired by paints containing zinc dust, metallizing coatings, or polymer coatings of similar characteristics.1.1 This specification covers polymer precoated, closed rib steel pipe, intended for use for storm water drainage, under-drains, the construction of culverts, and similar uses. Pipe covered by this specification is not normally used for the conveyance of sanitary or industrial wastes. The steel sheet used in fabrication of the pipe has a polymer protective coating over a metallic coating of zinc.1.2 The polymer precoating provides extra protection of the base metal against corrosion or abrasion, or both, in addition to that provided by the metallic coating. Severe environments are likely to cause corrosion problems to accessory items such as coupling band hardware that does not have a polymer coating unless supplemental protection is provided. Additional protection for polymer precoated steel pipe is available by use of coatings applied after fabrication of the pipe as described in Specification A 849.1.3 This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth cover load and sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience with drainage products has shown that successful performance depends upon the proper selection of rib depth, sheet thickness, type of bedding and backfill, controlled manufacture in the plant, and care in installation. The installation procedure is described in Practice A 798/A 798M.1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units as A 1019, or in SI units as A 1019M. Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the material is ordered to A 1019M.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元