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5.1 Flash point measures the tendency of the specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that shall be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a sample of kerosene can indicate gasoline contamination.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point, by Tag manual and automated closed testers, of liquids with a viscosity below 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40 °C (104 °F), or below 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 25 °C (77 °F), and a flash point below 93 °C (200 °F).1.1.1 Two sets of test conditions are used within this test method: low temperature (LT) test conditions for expected flash points < 60 °C, and high temperature (HT) test conditions for expected flash points of ≥ 60 °C.1.1.2 For the closed-cup flash point of liquids with the following properties: a viscosity of 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 40 °C (104 °F); a viscosity of 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or more at 25 °C (77 °F); a flash point of 93 °C (200 °F) or higher; a tendency to form a surface film under test conditions; or containing suspended solids, Test Method D93 can be used.1.1.3 For cut-back asphalts refer to Test Methods D1310 and D3143.NOTE 1: The U.S. Department of Transportation (RSTA)2 and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8 °C (100 °F) are flammable as determined by this test method for those liquids that have a viscosity less than 5.5 mm2/s (cSt) at 40 °C (104 °F) or 9.5 mm2/s (cSt) or less at 25 °C (77 °F), or do not contain suspended solids or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other flash point classifications have been established by these departments for liquids using this test method.1.2 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and cannot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method can be used as elements of fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.3 Related standards are Test Methods D93, D1310, D3828, D3278, and D3941.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements see 6.5, 7.1, 9.3, 11.1.4, and refer to Safety Data Sheets.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the sound isolation between the interior of a closed room and locations outside the room, and also the background noise levels at the locations outside the room. The results can be used to rate the degree of speech privacy, or to estimate the probability of speech being intelligible or audible at each receiving point.5.2 People speak at different levels and vary their voice level in reaction to room noise and other acoustical factors. Consequently it is not possible to say definitely whether a room is protected against eavesdropping. One can only assign a probability of being overheard. The owners or managers of the closed room under consideration must set criteria for this probability according to their specific goals and circumstances. The non-mandatory appendix gives an approach to setting criteria.1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for measuring the degree of speech privacy provided by a closed room, for conversations occurring within the room, and with potential eavesdroppers located outside the room.1.2 The degree of speech privacy measured by this method is that due to the sound insulation of the room structure—the walls, floor, ceiling and any other elements of the room boundaries—and to the background noise at listening positions outside the closed the room.1.3 Potential eavesdroppers are assumed to be unaided by electronic or electroacoustic equipment, and not touching the room boundaries. Determined efforts to eavesdrop are not addressed.1.4 The method may be applied to any enclosed room, whether specifically intended to be protected against eavesdropping or not.1.5 The method does not set criteria for adequate speech privacy. A non-mandatory appendix provides guidance on how the results of this test method may be used to estimate the probability of an eavesdropper being able to understand speech outside a closed room, and how to set criteria for such rooms.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance in determining the acceptability of scrap gypsum panel products and the resultant recycled gypsum.4.2 This guide is also intended for use by construction waste management teams in establishing the methods for segregating and collecting scrap.4.3 This guide does not dictate that any manufacturer must accept or use recycled gypsum in manufacturing gypsum panel products, nor does it mandate that scrap must be recycled by way of a closed-loop system.NOTE 2: Closed-loop recycling is just one means to consider, as there are many pathways for landfill diversion.1.1 This guide provides guidance for the handling, physical condition and compositional considerations for selecting scrap gypsum panel products and the recycled gypsum derived from that scrap for recycling into new gypsum panel products.1.2 This guide applies to material derived from gypsum panel products manufactured in accordance with Specifications C1177/C1177M, C1178/C1178M, C1278/C1278M, C1396/C1396M, and C1658/C1658M.1.3 This guide does not dictate the minimum amount of recycled gypsum a gypsum panel product manufacturer is required for use in producing new gypsum panel products.1.4 This guide does not address recycling of gypsum panel products from demolition or renovation projects.NOTE 1: While these sources are outside the scope, they are not precluded from being recycled. This guide may be used as a basis for determination of basic criteria for any stream, as agreed upon between the contractor, recycler, and the gypsum panel product manufacturer.1.5 This guide does not address the suitability of recycled gypsum for other uses such as an agricultural amendment, for use in gypsum-based joint compounds or gypsum plaster, as an admixture or other uses of gypsum aside from gypsum panel products.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. This definition may vary from regulation to regulation. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.5.3 This test method can be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.5.4 Flash point can also indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material, such as the contamination of lubricating oils by small amounts of diesel fuel or gasoline.1.1 This flash point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of temperature increase. It is one of the many flash point test methods available, and every flash point test method, including this one, is an empirical method.NOTE 1: Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus different from that specified.1.2 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of fuel oils, lube oils, solvents, and other liquids by a continuously closed cup tester. The measurement is made on a test specimen of 1 mL.1.3 This test method utilizes a closed but unsealed cup with air injected into the test chamber.1.4 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a flash point from 10 °C to 250 °C.NOTE 2: Flash point determinations below 10 °C and above 250 °C can be performed; however, the precision has not been determined below and above these temperatures.1.5 If the user's specification requires a defined flash point method other than this test method, neither this test method nor any other method should be substituted for the prescribed method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, and pressure is in kilo-pascals.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Flash point measures the response of the test specimen to heat and ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials and classify them. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classes.5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material.5.4 These test methods use a smaller sample (2 mL to 4 mL) and a shorter test time (1 min to 2 min) than traditional test methods.5.5 Method A, IP 524 and EN ISO 3680 are similar methods for flash no-flash tests. Method B, IP 523 and EN ISO 3679 are similar methods for flash point determination.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for flash point tests, within the range of –30 °C to 300 °C, of petroleum products and biodiesel liquid fuels, using a small scale closed cup tester. The procedures may be used to determine, whether a product will or will not flash at a specified temperature (flash/no flash Method A) or the flash point of a sample (Method B). When used in conjunction with an electronic thermal flash detector, these test methods are also suitable for flash point tests on biodiesels such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning statements appear throughout. See also the Material Safety Data Sheets for the product being tested.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车