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AS 1558-1973/Amdt 1-1978 Protective clothing for welders 被代替 发布日期 :  1978-06-01 实施日期 : 

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5.1 This test method evaluates puncture resistance of protective clothing materials which may include plastics or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible materials, laminates, or textile materials.5.2 This test method is not intended to measure puncture resistance of all types of punctures encountered using protective clothing material. This test method involves a procedure where a puncture probe of specified dimensions is used for puncturing specimens.5.3 This test method evaluates puncture resistance of protective clothing materials, specifically for puncture forced on specimens perpendicular to material surface. There is no supporting structure under the material specimen.5.4 Evaluation of puncture resistance for snag-type puncture should be performed in accordance with Test Method D2582.1.1 This test method determines the puncture resistance of a protective clothing material specimen by measuring the force required to cause a pointed puncture probe to penetrate through the specimen. This test method describes three protocols that may be used: Method A, Method B, and Method C.1.1.1 Method A requires the use of Probe A only. The probe used for testing shall be recorded in the test report.1.1.1.1 Probe A may be used to measure puncture resistance for the following types of materials:(1) Elastomeric materials,(2) Textiles, and(3) Coated materials.1.1.2 Method B requires the use of Probe B. The probe used for testing shall be recorded in the test report.1.1.2.1 Probe B may be used to measure puncture resistance for the following types of materials:(1) Textiles.(2) Coated materials.NOTE 1: Probe B is not suited for measuring the puncture resistance of unsupported elastomeric materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound units in brackets are for information purposes only. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Use this test method to measure the thermal protection provided by different materials, garments, clothing ensembles, and systems when exposed to a specified fire (see 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, and 10.4).5.1.1 This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures, for example, those found in electric arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.5.2 This test method provides a measurement of garment and clothing ensemble performance on a stationary upright manikin of specified dimensions. This test method is used to provide predicted skin burn injury for a specific garment or protective clothing ensemble when exposed to a laboratory simulation of a fire. It does not establish a pass/fail for material performance.5.2.1 This test method is not intended to be a quality assurance test. The results do not constitute a material’s performance specification.5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.5.3 The measurement of the thermal protection provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer and testing practices is needed to evaluate if, and which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the test method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures along with the results.1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.1.3 The skin burn injury prediction is based on a limited number of experiments where the forearms of human subjects were exposed to elevated thermal conditions. This forearm information for skin burn injury is applied uniformly to the entire body of the manikin, except the hands and feet. The hands and feet are not included in the skin burn injury prediction.1.4 The measurements obtained and observations noted can only apply to the particular garment(s) or ensemble(s) tested using the specified heat flux, flame distribution, and duration.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This method is not a fire test response test method.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units or other units commonly used for thermal testing. If appropriate, round the non-SI units for convenience.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the radiant heat resistance value of a material, a combination of materials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to radiant thermal hazards.5.2 This test method evaluates a material's heat transfer properties when exposed to a continuous and constant radiant heat source. Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forced convective heat losses. Minimizing the air movement around the specimen and test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of the results.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement, except that resulting from the exposure.5.4 This test method specifies two standard sets of exposure conditions: 21 kW/m2 (0.5 cal/cm2s) and 84 kW/m2 (2.0 cal/cm2s). Either can be used.5.4.1 If a different set of exposure conditions is used, it is likely that different results will be obtained.5.4.2 The optional use of other conditions representative of the expected hazard, in addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, is permitted. However, the exposure conditions used must be reported with the results along with a determination of the exposure energy level stability.5.5 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure.NOTE 4: See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics of flame resistant clothing materials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.NOTE 1: The determination of a clothing material's flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in accordance with the applicable performance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing material's end use.1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure, as it does not account for the thermal energy contained in the test specimen after the exposure has ceased.NOTE 2: See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound or other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection designated.5.1.1 Flame resistance is a distinctive property of clothing items designated for isolating parts of the body from anticipated flame hazards. It is possible that protective clothing designated for isolation from other hazards, such as those for chemical or biological protection, neither have flame resistance nor isolate the wearer from flame hazards. This test method can be used to evaluate the effects of flame impingement on protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary objective of protection.5.1.2 When flame resistance is the primary protection offered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can be used. A test method that is useful for evaluating flame resistance of textiles is Test Method D6413/D6413M. Classification Index D4723 contains descriptions and guidance on other flammability test methods for textiles.5.1.3 This test method is useful to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing not designated for flame resistance when the outer material surface is exposed to the flame. As such, it is particularly suited to protective clothing materials that are composed of different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates, or multilayer clothing systems.5.2 Alternative procedures for conducting either a 3-s or 12-s exposure are provided where one or the other flame application exposure times are applied. The choice of either the shorter or longer single exposure time is provided to permit an assessment of the effects for flame impingement on materials under short-term and long-term flame exposure conditions.5.3 Correlation of data from this test method with the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of protective clothing (not designated for flame resistance) under actual use conditions is not implied.1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided by the clothing.1.1.1 This test method shall not be used in applications where flame resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing. Other flammability test methods are more appropriate for those materials.1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer material systems, or other protective clothing materials that are not designated for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.4 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of the construction and configuration of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration. In most cases, the conditions used in this test method will not represent actual end-use conditions.5.2 Two different spray configurations are used for exposing the protective clothing or protective ensemble on a manikin.5.2.1 Procedure A involves five shower nozzles, with one nozzle directly above the clothed manikin and two nozzles each to upper and lower sides of the manikin that are all positioned in the same vertical plane. This spray configuration is intended to provide a full exposure of the entire protective clothing or protective ensemble system.5.2.2 Procedure B involves three shower nozzles that are positioned at different heights on a vertical line that is parallel to the manikin with the locations and direction of each nozzle set with respect to targets on the manikin. This spray configuration is intended to provide a direct assessment of garment features such as the front closure.5.3 The selected duration of the test is not intended to simulate user exposure to splashes of liquid substances but rather to provide sufficient time for enough liquid to penetrate to make visual detection easier. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure A is 20 min. The default liquid exposure time for Procedure B is 10 min.5.3.1 It is permissible to specify shorter test durations. It is recommended that the duration of exposure be the same in each manikin orientation.5.3.2 The choice of different test duration is partly based on the number of layers in the specimen being tested, some of which serve to absorb the surfactant-treated test liquid and result in attenuating the severity of the liquid challenge to the specimen.5.4 A nontoxic, non-foaming surfactant is added to water for this test method to simulate liquids of lower surface tensions. Liquids of specific interest can be simulated by treating water to achieve an equivalent surface tension.5.5 For protective clothing with water-repellent surfaces, the lower surface tension liquid will aid in the evaluation of the construction and configuration of the garment because it is less likely to be repelled and more likely to wet the protective clothing. This is especially useful for reusable garments whose water-repellent surface interferes with the evaluation of their construction and configuration when new, but is diminished after wearing and washing.5.6 Fluorescent or colored dyes are permitted to be added to the water to enhance detection of liquid penetration into the protective clothing or protective ensemble.5.7 This test method can be used by both manufacturers and end users to assess liquid penetration resistance. Manufacturers can use this test method to evaluate quality of construction and effectiveness of clothing and ensemble configurations.5.8 The clothing or ensemble is sized to fit the manikin. It is important that the clothing be selected to fit the manikin well since detection of liquid penetration requires as much contact as possible between the clothing or ensemble and the inner liquid-absorptive garment.5.9 Results on a mismatched size of clothing or ensemble shall not be used to generalize about a particular construction or configuration. Manikin fit potentially affects liquid penetration resistance determinations.5.10 There are no known restrictions to the types of protective clothing or protective ensembles that can be evaluated with this test method.5.11 In some cases protective clothing or protective ensembles that show no liquid penetration during this test method will still fail to protect wearers against specific liquids due to the material degradation, penetration, or permeation or the effects associated with the vapors of liquid chemicals.5.12 In some cases protective clothing or protective ensembles that show no liquid penetration during this test method will fail to protect wearers in specific circumstances as, for example, deluge or immersion.1.1 This test method measures the ability of protective clothing or protective ensembles to resist liquid penetration in the form of a shower spray with surfactant-treated water.1.2 This test method measures the liquid penetration resistance of the construction and configuration of the overall protective clothing or protective ensemble, but especially of seams, closures, and interfaces with other components such as gloves, boots, hoods, and respiratory protective equipment. It is intended that this test method be used to assess the liquid penetration resistance of protective clothing and protective ensembles as received from the manufacturer and worn in accordance with their instructions.1.3 Resistance of materials used in protective clothing to permeation or penetration can be determined in accordance with Test Method F739 (or Test Method F1383 or F1407) and Test Method F903, respectively. Alternatively, resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by synthetic blood or liquids containing virus can be determined in accordance with Test Methods F1670/F1670M and F1671/F1671M.1.4 The integrity of vapor protective ensembles is measured by its ability to maintain positive internal pressure with Test Method F1052.1.5 The values in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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