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4.1 This practice provides a standardized terminology and a review of some basic concepts for elementary sampling and testing. These operations are important for: (1) local or intralaboratory testing that generally applies to internal quality control, process capability or performance evaluation, as well as development programs, and (2) global or interlaboratory testing that applies to producer-user and other testing programs that have industry-wide or worldwide scope. It is recognized that certain test methods may require more detailed and specialized sampling operations than the generic ones as described herein. These specialized sampling procedures should utilize, as far as possible, the basic concepts as given in this practice.4.2 This practice provides a list of terms and concepts that may be used in numerous test methods used by Committees D11 and D24. It improves communication among those that conduct testing in the rubber and carbon black manufacturing industries and those that use such testing and test results for technical decisions.1.1 This practice covers a standardized terminology and some basic concepts for testing and sampling across the broad range of chemical and physical testing operations characteristic of the rubber and carbon black manufacturing industries.1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a model for the test measurement process is given in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical foundation for the terms and other testing concepts. It may also find use for further development of this practice to address more complex sampling operations.1.3 This general topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. A number of ancillary terms are also given that make for a more self-contained document. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology D1566.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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