4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes, for research and development testing of raw-rubber compounded in an evaluation formulation, and for evaluating various raw materials used in preparing (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.1.1 This test method covers the use of the oscillating disk cure meter for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of vulcanizable rubber compounds.1.2 ISO 3417 is very similar to this test method. It has minor technical differences that are not considered to be significant.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the cure behavior of thermosetting resins using very small amounts of material (fewer than 3 to 5 g). The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining cure characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature or time, or both. Plots of cure behavior and tan delta of a material versus time provide graphical representation indicative of cure behavior under a specified time-temperature profile.5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 Cure behavior, including rate of cure, gel, and cure time.5.3.2 Processing behavior, as well as changes as a function of time/temperature.NOTE 3: The presence of the substrate prevents an absolute measure, but allows relative measures of flow behavior during cure.5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment.5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure behavior and damping.5.3.5 The effects of substrate types on cure.NOTE 4: Due to the rigidity of a supporting braid, the gel time obtained from dynamic mechanical traces will be longer than actual gel time of the unsupported resin measured at the same frequency. This difference will be greater for composites having greater support-to-polymer rigidity ratios.35.3.6 Effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.5.4 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the use of dynamic-mechanical-oscillation instrumentation for gathering and reporting the thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin. It may be used for determining the cure properties of both unsupported resins and resins supported on substrates subjected to various oscillatory deformations.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the cure behavior of supported and unsupported thermosetting resins over a range of temperatures by free vibration as well as resonant and nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of modulus, tan delta, and damping index as a function of time/temperature are indicative of the thermal advancement or cure characteristics of a resin.1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz. However, it is strongly recommended that low-frequency test conditions, generally below 1.5 Hz, be utilized as they generally will result in more definitive cure-behavior information.1.4 This test method is intended for resin/substrate composites that have an uncured effective elastic modulus in shear greater than 0.5 MPa.1.5 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.1.6 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, especially in the compressive mode, the data generated may indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.1.7 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 5.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes, for research and development testing of raw-rubber compounded in an evaluation formulation, and for evaluating various raw materials used in preparing (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.3 The test specimen in a rotorless cure meter approaches the test temperature in a shorter time and there is a better temperature distribution in the test specimen due to the elimination of the unheated rotor found in oscillating disk cure meters.5.4 Several manufacturers produce rotorless cure meters with design differences that may result in different torque responses and cure times for each design. Correlations of test results between cure meters of different designs should be established for each compound tested, and for each set of test conditions.1.1 This test method covers a method for the measurement of selected vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds using unsealed and sealed torsion shear cure meters. The two types of instruments may not give the same results.NOTE 1: An alternative method for the measurement of vulcanization characteristics is given in Test Method D2084.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds under selected test conditions of strain and frequency which do not significantly affect the cured dynamic properties. In the same test, this test method also will measure the dynamic properties of the vulcanizate at temperatures significantly below the cure temperature. These lower temperature measurements are necessary in order to more effectively relate to rubber product service conditions.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes and for research and development testing of rubber compounds containing curatives. This test method also may be used for evaluating cure and dynamic property differences resulting from the use of different compounding ingredients.5.3 For additional information regarding the significance of dynamic testing of vulcanized rubber, the reader may wish to reference Guide D5992.1.1 This test method covers the use of a rotorless oscillating shear rheometer for measuring after cure dynamic properties at predetermined temperature(s) below the cure temperature.1.2 Specified cure conditions that approximate a “static cure” also are covered to minimize effects on cured rubber compound dynamic properties. This test method is not intended to replace Test Method D5289.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 Warning—Compounds based on silicone or fluoroelastomers may have high levels of thermal contraction or poor adhesion to the dies when cooled after the cure portion of this test method, causing slippage during strain sweeps. If this occurs, the results will not be reliable.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Shrinkage of a sealant, after application in a building joint, is caused by loss of volatile components from the sealant. This loss results in a decrease in volume and, hence, a change in the sealant's shape. This change in shape, in some applications, should be taken into consideration for acceptable joint appearance and geometry.5.2 The shrinkage value obtained by this test method helps predict the appearance and geometry of the cured sealant in a building joint and is helpful in determining the amount and type of tooling to be done during installation of the sealant.5.3 Latex sealants cure primarily through water evaporation. They may also contain small amounts of other volatile components. However, in this test method all volatiles are treated as water. This assumption still provides a meaningful shrinkage value since the small quantities of other volatiles and their differences in density from that of water do not significantly affect the usefulness of the result obtained.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining volume shrinkage, which occurs during cure, of a latex sealant.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: A related ISO standard is ISO 10563. The user should compare to determine how it differs from this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Weight loss from a sealant after application in a building joint can be detrimental to long term sealant durability. A sealant's service life will be shortened if it contains components, critical to its durability, that are volatilized by high environmental temperatures. Also, development of cracks and chalking lessens a sealant's service life.5.2 The test described herein measures weight loss, cracking, and chalking. The amount of weight lost during the heat aging period and any cracking or chalking helps predict premature sealant failure. However, a sealant developing no cracks or chalking, or low weight loss in this test, does not necessarily ensure good durability.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of heat aging on weight loss, cracking and chalking of elastomeric joint sealants (single and multicomponent) for use in building construction.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee having jurisdiction for this specification is not aware of any similar ISO standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides a guide whereby all pertinent variables relating to the ultraviolet cure of a coating are described.1.1 This practice applies to all coatings cured by ultraviolet energy.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This method provides a simple means of characterizing the cure behavior of a thermosetting resin specimen that is a representation of a composite part. The diameter of the specimen is approximately 38 mm and the thickness ranges from 2.6 mm to 3.2 mm. This corresponds to a sample volume of approximately 3 cm3 to 4 cm3. The data may be used for quality control, research and development, and verifying the cure within processing equipment including autoclaves.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining cure characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature or time, or both. Plots of cure behavior and tan delta of a material provide graphical representation indicative of cure behavior under a specified time-temperature profile. The presence of fibers within the resin may change the dynamic properties measured within a material. However, it is still possible to compare different resins with the same fiber structure and obtain the relative difference due to the resin cure properties.5.3 This method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 Cure behavior, as well as changes as a function of temperature or time, or both,5.3.2 Processing behavior, as well as changes as a function of temperature or time, or both,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatments,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure behavior, damping and impact resistance,5.3.5 The effects of reinforcement on cure; the reinforcement can be a fiber or a filler,5.3.6 The effects of materials used to bond the resin and reinforcement,5.3.7 The effect of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.5.4 This provides a method to assess the cure properties of a thermosetting resin containing woven fiber or other reinforcing materials.5.5 This method is valid for a wide range of oscillation frequencies typically from 0.002 Hz to 50 Hz.NOTE 1: It is recommended that low-frequency test conditions, generally 1 Hz to 2 Hz, be used to generate more definitive cure-behavior information. Slower frequencies will miss important cure properties. Faster frequencies will reduce sensitivity to cure.1.1 This method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determination and reporting of the thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin on an inert filler or fiber in a laboratory. It may also be used for determining the cure properties of resins without fillers or fibers. These encapsulated specimens are deformed in torsional shear using dynamic mechanical methods.1.2 This method is intended to provide means for determining the cure behavior of thermosetting resins on fibers over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 250 °C by forced-constant amplitude techniques (in accordance with Practice D4065). Plots of complex modulus, complex viscosity, and damping ratio or tan delta as a function of time or temperature, or both, quantify the thermal advancement or cure characteristics of a resin or a resin on filler or fiber.1.3 Test data obtained by this method is relevant and appropriate for optimizing cure cycles.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—The Fahrenheit temperature measurement in 10.1 is provided for information only and is not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used as a manufacturing or laboratory process control tool by providing a visual comparison of the ability to resist solvent break-through against an established control. The test method is designed to indicate a potential problem caused by an undercured condition but does not identify what caused the condition.5.2 This test method does not duplicate the conditions on a printing press but does provide a means to determine whether the test sample meets specifications as agreed upon between supplier and customer.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for evaluating the relative cure of printed energy-cured (ultraviolet or electron beam) ink or coating by a mechanical solvent rub test using a motorized Crockmeter.1.2 This test method is applicable to laboratory and production prints on any flat substrate that is no thicker than 3 mm (0.125 in.), durable enough to withstand the test conditions, and for which a control (reference) sample is available.1.3 This test method applies to comparisons between energy-cured inks and coatings of the same chemistry and film weight and should not be used to compare different ink or coating chemistries or various applied film weights without first establishing process performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In the determination of VOC, cure water is treated as a VOC in other test methods, as these methods are unable to account for cure water. This test method allows taking credit for cure water as total water is measured, a value which includes cure water.5.2 Total water content and volatile content results obtained with this method may be used in Practice D3960 to calculate VOC of the coating.1.1 This test method is designed to measure total water which includes cure water resulting from the heat induced condensation reaction of coatings. Cure water cannot be measured directly by Test Method D4017. This task is accomplished by measuring water content in the vapors evolved during heating. This test method will yield total water content. This test method also permits for the simultaneous determination of total volatile content. The results of this test method may be used to calculate VOC content. Although this test method was designed for phenolic coatings, it can be used with other types of coatings.1.2 Materials used for method development and evaluation had total water values from 20 to 37 %. Use of this test method on coatings outside these values will need to be validated by the user.1.3 Sample heating is accomplished with a Brinkmann Instruments Model 832 drying oven,2 or other mutually agreed upon alternative, passing all of the evolved vapors into a Karl Fischer titration vessel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The continuous recording of torque and temperature while going through these various stages can be used to predict the behavior of the material during processing.5.2 The torque rheometer test has two important functions. First, it is a means to predict flow/viscosity and cure characteristics of pourable thermosetting compounds. For example, the test provides useful data to predict the processibility of a material in a particular molding method. This information is also useful to optimize process conditions for a particular material such as the minimum pressure to fill a mold and the time to cure a part. A second capability of the test is to provide a graphic record of the batch-to-batch uniformity of the molding compound.1.1 This test method covers the apparatus, and a specific test method, including the evaluation of results required for the determination of the thermal flow and cure behavior properties of pourable thermosetting materials.1.2 This test method can be used:1.2.1 As a control for the development and production of pourable thermosetting materials and to measure the different properties (for example, melting behavior, cure behavior, etc.) as well as the influence of various additives and fillers in any given formulations, and1.2.2 Verify the uniformity of different production batches of the same formulation.1.3 The values are stated in SI units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to the inactive ISO 15062. This standard and ISO 15252-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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