定价： 975元 / 折扣价： 829 元

定价： 553元 / 折扣价： 471 元

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

5.1 Qualitative measurement of “nodularity” and “nodule count” using visual estimations has been practiced for many years. These methods suffer from poor reproducibility and repeatability. The introduction of computer-aided image analysis enables metallographers to measure and count individual particles of interest in a microstructure with a high degree of precision. This greatly reduces measurement variations compared to visual estimation methods (see, for example, Test Method A247).5.2 This method defines a procedure for measuring the number of nodules and the quality of nodularity of spherulitic graphite in a cast iron microstructure. The specimen’s location in a casting or cast test specimen, and the orientation of the plane-of-polish, are governed by product standards. When a product standard is not defined, choose the test location randomly or at specific systematically chosen depths as needed. The plane-of-polish may be parallel or perpendicular to the solidification direction, or chosen at random, depending upon the needs of the study.5.3 This test method may be used to determine variations within a given test specimen, within a given location in a casting, between different locations in a casting, or for the same location in different castings over time. Results from this test method may be used to qualify material for shipment in accordance with guidelines agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer or can be used to monitor process quality or product variations.5.4 Measurements are performed using a computer-controlled automatic image analysis system.5.5 A minimum number of specimens and a minimum surface area to be evaluated may be defined by producer-purchaser agreement, provided at least 500 particles meeting the minimum size requirements are measured. The number of particles analyzed shall be indicated in the final analysis report (see 9.6).1.1 This test method is used to determine the percent nodularity and the nodule count per unit area (that is, number of nodules per mm2) using a light microscopical image of graphite in nodular cast iron. Images generated by other devices, such as a scanning electron microscope, are not specifically addressed, but can be utilized if the system is calibrated in both x and y directions.1.2 Measurement of secondary or temper carbon in other types of cast iron, for example, malleable cast iron or in graphitic tool steels, is not specifically included in this standard because of the different graphite shapes and sizes inherent to such grades1.3 This standard deals only with the recommended test method and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability or fitness for purpose of the material tested.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This practice covers the standard materials and installation procedures for polyethylene encasement to be applied to underground installations of ductile iron pipe for water or other liquids. It may also be used for polyethylene encasement of fittings, valves, and other appurtenances to ductile iron pipe systems. Linear low-density and high-density cross-laminated polyethylene films shall be manufactured of virgin polyethylene material, and shall conform to the required group, density, dielectric strength, and volume resistivity specifications. The polyethylene encasement material shall also be in accordance to the tensile strength, elongation, dielectric strength, impact resistance, and propagation tear resistance requirements. The polyethylene encasement shall be installed in such a way that it shall prevent contact between the pipe and the surrounding backfill and bedding material without intending to be a completely airtight or watertight enclosure. The polyethylene film shall be fitted to the contour of the pipe with sufficient slack to prevent stretching the polyethylene bridging irregular surfaces. For installations below the water table or in areas subject to tidal actions, or both, it is recommended that tube-form polyethylene be used with both ends sealed as thoroughly as possible with adhesive tape or plastic tie straps at the joint overlap.1.1 This practice covers materials and installation procedures for polyethylene encasement to be applied to underground installations of ductile iron pipe. It may also be used for polyethylene encasement of fittings, valves, and other appurtenances to ductile iron pipe systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Important SI values are provided in brackets. Also, certain important SI values appear without brackets or parentheses.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This index identifies specifications that cover ductile iron pressure pipe suitable for carrying water and other liquids under pressure.NOTE 1: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers ductile-iron culvert pipe centrifugally cast. The pipe shall be manufactured of ductile iron that meets the mechanical requirements such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and impact value. The pipe shall be provided with suitable joints, such as push-on or other types of joints that prevent lateral displacement, but plain-end pipe for use with suitable couplings may be furnished. Standard wall thickness and weight values of push-on joint pipe are given. Pressure Class ductile iron pipe in Type 5 trench is illustrated. All pipe shall be coated inside and outside with an asphaltic material. Acceptance tests by tension and Charpy impact testing shall be performed. The standard test specimens for these testing methods are detailed.1.1 This specification covers 14 to 64 in. ductile iron culvert pipe, centrifugally cast.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portions, Sections 6 and 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers standard requirements for ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements. These iron castings shall meet the specified values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the casting shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, and phosphorous. The material shall meet the required tensile properties, hardness, and microstructure. The iron casting shall undergo pressure test after machining. The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall be indicated. The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not exceed the prescribed limit. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas shall not be less than twice the distance from the nearest plug. Three Y-blocks shall be utilized as test coupons. The material shall undergo the following test methods: tension test, chemical analysis, yield strength test, and hardness test.1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450 °F. For temperatures above 450 °F and up to 650 °F, only Grade 60-40-18 castings are suitable (Note 1).1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components are generally manufactured in advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A834 may be utilized.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.NOTE 1: For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A536 for Ductile Iron Castings.21.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings used for their resistance to heat, corrosion and wear. The castings shall be melt processed using cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces or crucible furnaces. The iron castings shall undergo magnetic permeability test. Samples taken from test coupons, broken test specimens, or castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium. Mechanical tests shall be performed wherein the iron casting specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness.1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers ductile iron gravity sewer pipe centrifugally cast with push-on joints. This also covers trench load design procedures for both cement-lined pipe and flexible-lined pipe. Maximum depths of cover tables are included for both types of linings. Each pipe shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test and maybe performed either before or after the outside coating and inside coating have been applied, but shall be performed before the application of cement-mortar lining or of a special lining. The standard acceptance tests and additional control tests shall also be performed.1.1 This specification covers 4 to 64 in. ductile iron gravity sewer pipe, centrifugally cast, with push-on joints. This specification may be used for pipe with other types of joints, as may be agreed upon at the time of purchase.1.2 This specification covers trench load design procedures for both cement-lined pipe and flexible-lined pipe. Maximum depth of cover tables are included for both types of linings.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers ductile iron castings for use in pressure containing paper mill dryer rolls. The castings shall be stress relieved through heat treatment and shall undergo chemical analysis and conform to the required chemical composition in total carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur. Tension test specimens shall be obtained from test coupons poured from the same iron as the castings represented and shall conform to the prescribed mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation. Hardness test shall be conducted on the material and shall meet the required Brinell hardness value.1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for use in pressure-containing paper mill dryer rolls at temperatures up to 450 °F [230 °C].1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron, also known as spheroidal graphite iron or nodular iron, which is defined as cast iron with the graphite substantially in spherical shape and substantially free from flake graphite. The castings are to be used for pressure containing parts in the form of paper mill dryer rolls at temperatures up to 230°C. 1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). 1.3 This specification covers only SI units and is not to be used or confused with inch-pound units. Note 1-This metric specification is the equivalent of A476, and is compatible in technical content.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers ductile iron castings, also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, that is described as cast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape and essentially free of other forms of graphite. Appropriate heat treatment shall be identified according to grades, as follows: a full ferritizing anneal for 60-40-18; a quench and temper, or normalize and temper, or isothermal heat treatment for 100-70-03 and 120-90-02; and as-cast for 65-45-12 and 80-55-06. Castings shall be tested and conform to specified tensile requirements such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. When indicated in the contract or purchase order, castings shall also adhere to special requirements like hardness, chemical composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions, and surface finish.1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron, also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, which is described as cast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape and essentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined in Terminology A644.1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide provides basic information on the application of cathodic protection to polyethylene encased ductile iron pipe for engineers, owners, water companies, corrosion consultants, ductile iron (DI) pipe manufacturers and others who have an interest in providing underground corrosion protection to ductile iron pipe.4.2 There are many publications, standards, recommended practices, and specifications for the application of coatings and cathodic protection to steel pipe. However, the metallurgy, chemistry, physical properties, surface composition and texture, coating requirements and electrical continuity of standard production ductile iron pipe are significantly different than those of steel pipe, and coating and cathodic protection specifications written specifically for steel pipe may not be directly applicable to ductile iron pipe. The latest revision of a commonly accepted cathodic protection specification (NACE SP0169) states the following in the forward: “This standard does not include corrosion control methods based on injection of chemicals into the environment, on the use of electrically conductive coatings, or on the use of non-adhered polyethylene encasement (refer to NACE Publication 10A292).” It is the purpose of this guide to summarize publications, case histories, and studies which are available regarding cathodic protection installations of polyethylene encased ductile iron pipe to give the reader guidance on this unique method of protection.4.3 This guide may be utilized with galvanic or impressed current cathodic protection.4.4 This guide is written specifically for ductile iron pipe and does not apply to any other type of piping material. It may also be used for ductile iron fittings, valves, and appurtenances specific to ductile iron piping systems.4.5 This guide references requirements for vendor provided information which should be requested and reviewed by the user.1.1 This guide will discuss standard practices which have been successfully utilized in the field for over 35 years to provide external corrosion protection of polyethylene encased ductile iron pipe supplemented with cathodic protection (CP). This guide may also be used for ductile iron fittings, valves, and other appurtenances specific to ductile iron pipe systems. Case histories and publications reporting on the use of cathodic protection to supplement polyethylene encasement are included as an Appendix in this guide.1.2 Other external corrosion control methods which have been used for ductile iron pipe include, but are not limited to: cathodic protection, metallic zinc coatings, bonded dielectric coatings, dielectric coatings with cathodic protection, and trench improvement. Detailed information on these methods of protection are available from other sources and are beyond the scope of this guide.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. The castings covered here are Type D-2M, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The castings shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. The castings shall undergo tension tests and impact tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free of flake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix down to −423 °F [−252 °C] (liquid hydrogen).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车