6.1 SPF insulation is applied and formed onsite, which creates unique challenges for measuring product emissions. This test method provides a way to measure post-application chemical emissions from SPF insulation.6.2 This test method can be used to identify compounds that emit from SPF insulation products, and the emission factors may be used to compare emissions at the specified sampling times and test conditions.6.3 Emission data may be used in product development, manufacturing quality control and comparison of field samples.6.4 This test method is used to determine chemical emissions from freshly applied SPF insulation samples. The utility of this test method for investigation of odors in building scale environments has not been demonstrated at this time.1.1 This test method is used to identify and to measure the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from samples of cured spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation using micro-scale environmental test chambers combined with specific air sampling and analytical methods for VOCs.1.2 Specimens prepared from product samples are maintained at specified conditions of temperature, humidity, airflow rate, and elapsed time in micro-scale chambers that are described in Practice D7706. Air samples are collected periodically at the chamber exhaust at the flow rate of the micro-scale chambers.1.2.1 Samples for formaldehyde and other low-molecular weight carbonyl compounds are collected on treated silica gel cartridges and are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described in Test Method D5197 and ISO 16000-3.1.2.2 Samples for other VOCs are collected on multi-sorbent samplers and are analyzed by thermal-desorption gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) as described in U.S. EPA Compendium Method TO-17 and ISO 16000-6.1.3 This test method is intended specifically for SPF insulation products. Compatible product types include two component, high pressure and two-component, low pressure formulations of open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation.1.4 VOCs that can be sampled and analyzed by this test method generally include organic blowing agents such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds, residual solvents, and some amine catalysts. Emissions of some organic flame retardants can be measured after 24 h with this method, such as tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP).1.5 This test method does not cover the sampling and analysis of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or other isocyanates.1.6 Area-specific and mass-specific emission rates are quantified at the elapsed times and chamber conditions as specified in 13.2 and 13.3 of this test method.1.7 This test method is used to identify emitted compounds and to estimate their emission factors at specific times. The emission factors are based on specified conditions, therefore, use of the data to predict emissions in other environments may not be appropriate and is beyond the scope of this test method. The results may not be representative of other test conditions or comparable with other test methods.1.8 This test method is primarily intended for freshly applied, SPF insulation samples that are sprayed and packaged as described in Practice D7859. The measurement of emissions during spray application and within the first hour following application is outside of the scope of this test method.1.9 This test method can also be used to measure the emissions from SPF insulation samples that are collected from building sites where the insulation has already been applied. Potential uses of such measurements include investigations of odor complaints after product application. However, the specific details of odor investigations and other indoor air quality (IAQ) investigations are outside of the scope of this test method.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The demand for SPF insulation in homes and commercial buildings has increased as emphasis on energy efficiency increases. In an effort to protect the health and safety of both trade workers and building occupants due to the application of SPF, it is essential that reentry/reoccupancy-times into the structure where SPF has been applied, be established.5.2 Concentrations of chemical emissions determined in large-scale ventilated enclosure studies conducted by this practice may be used to generate source emission terms for IAQ models.5.3 The emission factors determined using this practice may be used to evaluate comparability and scalability of emission factors determined in other environments.5.4 This practice was designed to determine emission factors for chemicals emitted by SPF insulation in a controlled room environment.5.5 New or existing formulations may be sprayed, and emissions may be evaluated by this practice. The user of this practice is responsible for ensuring analytical methods are appropriate for novel compounds present in new formulations (see Appendix X1 for target compounds and generic formulations).5.6 This practice may be useful for testing variations in emissions from non-ideal applications. Examples of non-ideal applications include those that are off-ratio, applied outside of recommended range of temperature and relative humidity, or applied outside of manufacturer recommendations for thickness.5.7 The determined emission factors are not directly applicable to all potential real-world applications of SPF. While this data can be used for VOCs to estimate indoor environmental concentrations beyond three days, the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations increases with increasing time. Estimating longer term chemical concentrations (beyond three days) for SVOCs is not recommended unless additional data (beyond this practice) is used, see (1).45.8 During the application of SPF, chemicals deposited on the non-applied surfaces (for example, floors and ceilings) are the result of both gaseous phase emissions from the SPF and overspray. It is difficult to separate these two processes with current analytical methods. At present, the difference in how these two processes impact the long-term emissions is not known. This practice combines these two processes to generate data for modeling inputs.1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for the duration of data collection.1.7 Four quantification methods are described for isocyanates. The method chosen should consider safety issues such as flammability, the expected concentration, the presence of isocyanate aerosol during the phase of interest (during and post application), and if the tested SPF is high or low pressure.1.8 This practice references similar standard practices for design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-scale chambers for chemical emission testing.1.9 This practice references methods for the collection and analysis of air samples.1.10 This practice applies to two-component open cell and closed cell SPF insulation system formulations that are processed using high-pressure or low-pressure installation processing practices and equipment.1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. The application of SPF in a ventilated enclosure has the potential to generate a hazardous condition putting the individual responsible for spraying inserts at risk. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety procedures and require appropriate certified personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize chemical exposure. Individuals entering the ventilated enclosure during and after SPF application, for any amount of time, are expected to wear appropriate PPE.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used for determining emission factors and emission rates for low mass wood-burning fireplaces.5.1.1 The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.5.1.2 The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.5.1.3 The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from fireplaces, but must be used with caution as use patterns must be factored into any prediction of atmospheric particulate matter impacts from fireplaces based on results from this method.5.2 The reporting units are grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel and grams of particulate per hour.5.2.1 Appropriate reporting units for comparing emissions from non-heating appliances: grams per kilogram.5.2.2 Appropriate reporting units for predicting atmospheric emission impacts only if hours of fireplace use are factored in: grams per hour.1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in low mass wood-burning fireplaces. The fueling and operating protocol for determining particular matter emissions from masonry or other high mass fireplaces is covered in Annex A1 of this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test their products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntary standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction when combining a two-component mixture during spraying, specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproducibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturer’s specifications and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed information regarding the spraying process must be recorded (see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping are needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of the samples is preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens from samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so that emission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can be made between test data for different samples.1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These procedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPF insulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interest include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts, diisocyanates, and flame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one location, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field product installation site. The newly prepared samples are preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and then shipped to a laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be performed by trained individuals using professional spraying equipment under controlled conditions. The details of the spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on industry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the laboratory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens are prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide D5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described in Test Method D8142.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas sample collection and chemical analysis are outside of the scope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address the potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine catalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the chamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The results of this test method may be used to determine nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emission concentrations from natural gas combustion at stationary sources.5.2 This test method may also be used to monitor emissions during short-term emission tests or periodically in order to optimize process operation for nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen (O2) concentrations in controlled and uncontrolled emissions from natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, boilers, and process heaters using portable analyzers with electrochemical sensors. Due to the inherent cross sensitivities of the electrochemical cells, this test method should not be applied to other pollutants or emission sources without a complete investigation of possible analytical interferences and a comparative evaluation with EPA test methods.1.1.1 The procedures and specifications of this test method were originally developed during laboratory and field tests funded by the Gas Research Institute (GRI).2 Comparative emission tests were conducted only on natural gas-fired combustion sources. Subsequently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program conducted further evaluations of electrochemical cell analyzers, which included laboratory tests and field tests on natural gas and diesel-fueled generators. The EPA has reviewed the ETV test results, published additional information, and provided technical input that has been considered in the update of this test method.31.2 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The measurement of particulate matter emission rates is an important test method widely used in the practice of air pollution control.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal or state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after design modifications are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of design changes in reducing emissions and make this standard an important tool in manufacturer’s research and development programs.5.2 Measurement of heating efficiency provides a uniform basis for comparison of product performance that is useful to the consumer. It is also required to relate emissions produced to the useful heat production.5.3 This is a laboratory method and is not intended to be fully representative of all actual field use. It is recognized that users of hand-fired wood burning equipment have a great deal of influence over the performance of any wood-burning appliance. Some compromises in realism have been made in the interest of providing a reliable and repeatable test method.1.1 This test method applies to wood-fired or automatically fed biomass burning hydronic heating appliances. These appliances transfer heat to the indoor environment through circulation of a liquid heat exchange media such as water or a water-antifreeze mixture.1.2 The test method simulates hand loading of seasoned cordwood or fueling with a specified biomass fuel and measures particulate emissions and delivered heating efficiency at specified heat output rates based on the appliance’s rated heating capacity.1.3 Particulate emissions are measured by the dilution tunnel method as specified in Test Method E2515. Delivered efficiency is determined by measurement of the usable heat output (determined through measurement of the flow rate and temperature change of water circulated through a heat exchanger external to the appliance) and the heat input (determined from the mass of dry fuel burned and its higher heating value). Delivered efficiency does not attempt to account for pipeline loss.1.4 Products covered by this test method include both pressurized and non-pressurized heating appliances intended to be fired with wood or automatically fed biomass fuels. These products are hydronic heating appliances which the manufacturer specifies for outdoor or indoor installation. They are often connected to a heat exchanger by insulated pipes and normally include a pump to circulate heated liquid. They are used to heat structures such as homes, barns, and greenhouses and can heat domestic hot water, spas, or swimming pools.1.4.1 Hydronic heating systems that incorporate a high mass heat storage system that is capable of storing the entire heat output of a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in Annex A1. Systems that incorporate high mass heat storage capable of storing a portion of the output from a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in Annex A2.1.5 Distinguishing features of products covered by this standard include:1.5.1 Manufacturers specify indoor or outdoor installation.1.5.2 A firebox with an access door for hand loading of fuel or a hopper and automated feed system for delivery of particulate fuel such as wood pellets or solid biomass fuel to a burn pot or combustion chamber.1.5.3 Typically a thermostatic control device that controls combustion air supply or fuel delivery, or both, to maintain the liquid in the appliance within a predetermined temperature range provided sufficient fuel is available in the firebox or hopper.1.5.4 A chimney or vent that exhausts combustion products from the appliance.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6.1 Exception—Metric units are used in 13.1, 13.4.3, Tables 4-6, and A1.11.6.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Data on the composition and characteristics of environmental atmospheres, such as ambient or work space air, are frequently used to evaluate the health and safety of humans. Data on the composition of atmospheric deposition samples are often used for environmental impact assessment.5.2 These data are frequently used to ascertain compliance with regulatory statutes that place limits on acceptable compositions and characteristics of these atmospheres.5.3 Laboratories that produce environmental sampling and analysis data and those who have the responsibility of selecting a laboratory to perform air quality studies need to know what criteria, practices, and recommendations have been accepted by consensus within this field of endeavor.5.4 Demonstration and documentation by a laboratory that there is judicious selection and control of organizational factors, facilities, resources, and operations enhance the reliability of the data produced and promote the acceptance of these data.1.1 This guide covers criteria to be used by those responsible for the selection, evaluation, operation, and control of laboratory organizations engaged in sampling and analysis of environmental atmospheres, including ambient, work space, and source emissions, as well as atmospheric deposition samples. For details specific to stack gases, see Practice D7036, which covers administrative issues in full; several specifics in this guide regarding laboratory operations may yet be helpful and do not overlap with Practice D7036.1.2 This guide presents features of organizations, facilities, resources, and operations which by their selection and control affect the reliability and credibility of the data generated.1.3 This guide presents the criteria for the selection and control of the features listed in 1.2 so that acceptable performance may be attained and sustained. Also, this guide presents recommendations for the correction of unacceptable performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 There are a variety of darkening agents that contribute to air and surface contamination in industrial, urban and rural environments. Biofilms (fungal and algal), soil minerals, plant fragments, rubber fragments, metal corrosion and soot are common darkening agents. Soot is formed as an unwanted by-product of combustion and consequently varies widely with the type of fuel and combustion conditions. Carbon black, on the other hand, is purposely produced under a controlled set of conditions. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish carbon black from soot, as well as other environmental contaminants.1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other environmental particulates.1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black and general knowledge of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet's book2 is highly recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Indoor materials/products are products or materials used for construction works or in the indoor environment. The area specific emission rates of volatile organic compounds from an indoor material/product may be used to estimate the expected contribution of emissions from that material/product to the atmosphere of a given indoor environment.5.2 Emission data may also be used to compare and categorize different indoor materials/products of similar function.5.3 Emission cell testing of area specific emissions may alternatively be used for studying secondary interactions (for example, sink effects (absorption and re-emission of volatile organics by the indoor material/product) or emissions generated by chemical degradation of the indoor material/product caused by specific atmospheric agents such as water, ozone or NOx).1.1 This practice is intended for determining volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from materials and products using emission cells. It can be applied in principle to most construction materials and many products used indoors. Objectives include:1.1.1 To provide manufacturers, builders, and end users with emission data useful for evaluating the impact of building products, new or old, on indoor air concentrations in a model room.1.1.2 To promote the development of products with lower VOC emissions.1.2 This practice is for identifying emitted VOCs and for determining the area specific emission rate of VOCs from newly produced building products under defined climate conditions. The method can also be applied to aged products.1.3 In accordance with the definition of an emission cell, it is also possible to perform nondestructive emission measurements on building products on-site in buildings. However, the procedure for such measurements is not described in this practice.1.4 This practice describes the design, construction, performance evaluation and use of emission cells for VOC emission testing. Sampling, transport and storage of materials to be tested, and preparation of test specimens are also described.1.5 Air sampling and analytical methods for the determination of VOCs are described in Practice D6196. Alternative sampling and analytical approaches for formaldehyde and other carbonyls are described in Test Method D5197.NOTE 1: All volatile (vapor-phase) carbonyls except formaldehyde can be analyzed by either Practice D6196 or by Test Method D5197.NOTE 2: Direct-reading instruments can also be applied for specific objectives.NOTE 3: Some volatile inorganic compounds can, in principle, also be analyzed (for example, ammonia).1.6 An example of an emission cell is described in Appendix X2 of this practice.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The intent of this test method is to aid the candle manufacturer to optimize candle formulations in the reduction of visible smoke emissions.5.2 This test method is intended to provide candle manufacturers a standard procedure to use during development of candle designs and formulations to compare relative smoke/burn behavior. For the development of this method, a protocol was established for trimming the wick on specially prepared test candles to 6 mm to 7 mm (1/4 in.) prior to each burn cycle. It is recommended that the manufacturer determine a standardized protocol, that is, either not trimming the wick or trimming the wick to an appropriate length in order for direct comparison of results.5.3 A relative ranking of candle formulations can be established with the use of a histogram of the data and control charts.5.4 This test method is not intended to set forth pass/fail criteria for visible smoke emissions from candles, as such, this method sets no standard level for visible smoke emissions.1.1 This test method covers the collection and analysis of visible emissions from indoor use candles as they burn.1.2 The test is to be used to compare relative smoke/burn behavior during development of candle designs and formulations.1.3 This test method may not be suitable for multiple wick candles; tapers and candles intended to be burned while floating on water commonly known as “floaters.”1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC-MS or GC-FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).NOTE 1: VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used. Although canisters can be used to sample VOCs, this standard is limited to sampling VOCs from the chamber air using adsorbent tubes.1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specified hazard statements see Section 6.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 Manufacturers increasingly are being asked or required to demonstrate that vapor-phase emissions of chemicals of concern from their products under normal use conditions comply with various voluntary or regulatory acceptance criteria. This process typically requires manufacturers to have their products periodically tested for VOC emissions by independent laboratories using designated reference test methods (for example, Test Method D6007, ISO 16000-9, and ISO 16000-10). To ensure continuing compliance, manufacturers may opt to, or be required to, implement screening tests at the production level.6.2 Reference methods for testing chemical emissions from products are rigorous and typically are too time-consuming and impractical for routine emission screening in a production environment.6.3 Micro-scale chambers are unique in that their small size and operation at moderately elevated temperatures facilitate rapid equilibration and shortened testing times. Provided a sufficiently repeatable correlation with reference test results can be demonstrated, appropriate control levels can be established and micro-scale chamber data can be used to monitor product manufacturing for likely compliance with reference acceptance criteria. Enhanced turnaround time for results allows for more timely adjustment of parameters to maintain consistent production with respect to vapor-phase chemical emissions.6.4 This practice can also be used to monitor the quality of raw materials for manufacturing processes.6.5 The use of elevated temperatures additionally facilitates screening tests for emissions of semi-volatile VOCs (SVOCs) such as some phthalate esters and other plasticizers.1.1 This practice describes a micro-scale chamber apparatus and associated procedures for rapidly screening materials and products for their vapor-phase emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds. It is intended to complement, not replace reference methods for measuring chemical emissions for example, small-scale chamber tests (Guide D5116) and emission cell tests (Practice D7143).1.2 This practice is suitable for use in and outside of laboratories, in manufacturing sites and in field locations with access to electrical power.1.3 Compatible material/product types that may be tested in the micro-scale chamber apparatus include rigid materials, dried or cured paints and coatings, compressible products, and small, irregularly-shaped components such as polymer beads.1.4 This practice describes tests to correlate emission results obtained from the micro-scale chamber with results obtained from VOC emission reference methods (for example, Guide D5116, Test Method D6007, Practice D7143, and ISO 16000-9 and ISO 16000-10).1.5 The micro-scale chamber apparatus operates at moderately elevated temperatures, 30 °C to 60 °C, to eliminate the need for cooling, to reduce test times, boost emission rates, and enhance analytical signals for routine emission screening, and to facilitate screening of semi-volatile VOC (SVOC) emissions such as emissions of some phthalate esters and other plasticizers.1.6 Gas sample collection and chemical analysis are dependent upon the nature of the VOCs targeted and are beyond the scope of this practice. However, the procedures described in Test Method D7339, Practice D6196 and ISO 16000-6 for analysis of VOCs and in Test Method D5197 and ISO 16000-3 for analysis of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds are applicable to this practice.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CSA Preface This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-ISO 14064-1, Greenhouse gases - Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals, which is an adoption without modif

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This practice presents the procedures and equipment that will permit, within certain limits, representative sampling of stationary source emissions for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams. This application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Although velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases, this is, however, not included in this practice. This practice describes representative sampling of gases in a duct, both by extractive and non-extractive methods. In extractive sampling, gases are conditioned to remove aerosols, particulate matter, and other interfering substances before being conveyed to the instruments. In non-extractive sampling, the measurements are made in-situ; therefore, no sample conditioning except filtering is required.1.1 This practice2 covers procedures and equipment that will permit representative sampling for the automated determination of gas concentrations of effluent gas streams with limitations as described below. The application is limited to the determination of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and total oxides of nitrogen (NOx).1.2 Velocity measurements are required to determine the mass flow rates of gases. This is not included in this practice.1.3 There are some combustion processes and conditions that may limit the applicability of this practice. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following:1.3.1 Corrosive or highly reactive components,1.3.2 High vacuum, high pressure, or high temperature gas streams,1.3.3 Wet flue gases,1.3.4 Fluctuations in velocity, temperature, or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process,1.3.5 Gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams,1.3.6 Measurements made using environmental control devices, and1.3.7 Low levels of gas concentrations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautions, refer to 5.1.4.8, 5.2.1.6, and 6.2.2.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method can be used to estimate the particulate matter concentration in stationary source stacks. 1.2 With the nozzle sizes specified herein, the method can be used for stack stream velocities from approximately 4 to 45 m/s (800 to 8000 ft/min). 1.3 Particulate matter present in a gaseous phase at the filtration temperature will not be collected. If significant quantities of condensible particulate matter are expected, this test method may not be the method of choice. If the temperature of the sampled gas at the filter is below the stream dewpoint this test method will not work. If moisture is expected to condense between the filter and the orifice, this test method is not applicable unless a moisture collection device is placed immediately upstream of the orifice and the sampling rate is adjusted for the volume of gas that condensed upstream of the orifice. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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