定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 114元 / 折扣价： 97 元

5.1 The test protocol evaluates those complex suspended ceiling systems that cannot be assessed by simple engineering calculations contained in ASCE/SEI 7 and Practice E580/E580M. It is not intended to replace the requirements in ASCE/SEI 7. Suspended ceiling systems are considered nonstructural components of buildings.1.1 These test methods help evaluate the performance of a full-scale suspended ceiling system during a seismic event using a dynamic seismic simulator (shake table).1.2 These full-scale procedures are not the only available procedures for evaluating the seismic performance of ceiling systems. These tests do not preclude the use of other small-scale or full-scale component or system testing.1.3 These test methods contain two independent procedures.1.3.1 Comparative method where the level of performance of an experimental system is compared to that of a control test system under the same set of conditions.1.3.2 Non-comparative method where a single test is conducted to establish the level of performance of an experimental system.1.4 These test procedures are valid and useful for all types of suspended ceiling systems.1.5 The text of this standard uses notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Full-encirclement-type band clamps are recommended for repairs only where the pipe is able to maintain its structural integrity. These clamps are not recommended for permanent repair of pipe where the damage could propagate outside the clamp under anticipated field conditions (see 5.1.1 for repair limitations). In such situations, it is recommended to cut out and replace the damaged pipe with a new piece. Clamps that are used for repair should comply with the manufacturer’s specifications for use and the manufacturer’s installation instructions should be followed.4.2 These clamps may be used to cover holes left in the pipe from abandoned service line connections, purge points, and accidental punctures.4.3 These clamps may be used to reinforce the pipe where the wall thickness has been reduced because of gouges or other irregularities.4.4 Some users reinforce polyethylene pipe after it has been squeezed-off as a precaution against pipe damage that may have occurred during the squeeze-off process and as a means of ensuring that the pipe will not be squeezed-off again at the same location. Consult with the polyethylene pipe manufacturer as to the appropriateness of squeeze-off for their product, and for circumstances when reinforcement is recommended. See Guide F1041.1.1 This guide specifically addresses the design and installation of full-encirclement-type band clamps for repair of gouges, punctures, or holes, and for reinforcement of polyethylene plastic pipe. Guidelines are provided for selecting and using clamps in pipe sizes 2 in. nominal (60 mm) and larger.1.1.1 A test method is also provided for the user to assess the applicability of the repair clamp. Under appropriate circumstances, this type of clamp offers a convenient, effective, and safe means of restoring the integrity of an in-service pipeline, without cutting out a section of pipe (see Note 1). The pipe to be repaired cannot be backed by a stiffener for internal support and cross-sectional dimensional control. Satisfactory use of this type of clamp should rely on the crush resistance of the pipe itself and a fitting design concept, which retains the cross-sectional pipe configuration while minimizing compressive forces required to obtain an effective leakage seal.NOTE 1: The appropriateness for use of this type of clamp should be determined by using the information contained in this guide and from consultation with, and recommendations of, both the pipe and clamp manufacturers. The basic premise for use of this type of clamp is that it is recommended by the manufacturer for this specific application and that step-by-step installation instructions are available for that application. It is important in the development of this type of clamp that prototype testing be conducted to evaluate performance expectations because of the physical limitations encountered when designing it for use with plastic pipe.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This consumer safety specification establishes the design requirements for the corner post extensions of full-size and non-full-size baby cribs to minimize the potential for strangulation of infants and young children who may attempt to climb out of the crib. It also provides the required information to be included in the instructions furnished with these cribs regarding the potential hazards to children wearing pacifiers, necklaces, or any other items around their necks.1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes design requirements for corner posts of full-size and non-full-size baby cribs (Note 1) to minimize the potential for strangulation of infants and young children who may attempt to climb out of the crib. It also provides information in the instructions furnished with cribs of the potential hazard to children wearing pacifiers, necklaces, or any other items around their necks.Note 1-The terms "full-size" and "non-full-size" cribs are those used in the mandatory requirements for these products that were promulgated by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and published in the Code of Federal Regulations as 16 CFR Parts 1508 and 1509.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元

10.1 Full-scale bending testing is an effective way to determine flexural properties of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) beams. However, testing of large glulam members is cost prohibitive. Mathematical models, when confirmed by full-scale test results, are useful tools to assign flexural properties for glulam. This practice provides guidelines for sampling and testing full-scale glulam beams to determine their flexural properties and to validate mathematical models intended for use in assigning flexural design values.1.1 This practice describes procedures for full scale testing of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) to determine or verify characteristic values used to calculate flexural design properties. Guidelines are given for: (1) testing individual structural glued laminated timber lay-ups (with no modeling), (2) testing individual glulam combinations (with limited modeling), and (3) validating models used to predict characteristic values.1.2 This practice is limited to procedures for establishing flexural properties (Modulus of Rupture, MOR, and Modulus of Elasticity, MOE). Some of the principles for sampling and analysis presented may be applicable to other properties. However, other properties may require additional testing considerations that are beyond the scope of this practice.1.3 This practice is not intended to supersede the provisions of Practice D3737, but provides an alternative method for establishing characteristic values. Lay-up combinations developed in accordance with Practice D3737 are not required to be governed by this standard.NOTE 1: The models described by Practice D3737 have been developed and modified based on more than 50 years of experience and many test programs. In some cases, however, it may be desirable to develop a new model based on other input properties or using lumber materials or grades not covered by that standard.1.4 Details of production, inspection, and certification are beyond the scope of this document. However, for test results to be representative of production, quality control systems shall be in place to ensure consistent quality. Manufacturing shall conform to recognized manufacturing standards such as ANSI A190.1 or CSA O122.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The knowledge of vehicle stopping distance serves as an additional tool in characterizing the pavement surface skid resistance. When used in conjunction with other physical and chemical tests, the skid resistance values derived from this test method may determine the suitability and adequacy of paving materials or finishing techniques. Improvements in pavement maintenance practices and schedules may result from use of this test method.4.2 The stopping distance values measured by this test method with the equipment and procedures stated herein do not necessarily agree or correlate directly with other methods of skid-resistance measurements.5,6 This test method is suitable for research and development purposes, where direct comparison between pavement surfaces are to be made within the same test program.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stopping distance on paved surfaces with a passenger vehicle equipped with specified full-scale automobile tires.1.2 This test method utilizes a measurement of stopping distances representing the non-steady state skid resistance on four locked wheels as the vehicle decelerates over a wetted pavement surface under specified limits of static wheel load and from a desired speed, while the vehicle remains essentially parallel to its original direction of motion.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

4.1 In the absence of deflection measurements from actual installed-above-ground piping, this test method may be used to evaluate the influence of span length on mid-span deflections at differing temperatures under full bore flow.NOTE 3: A flat bearing area, small contact area, and narrow bearing width may induce high localized support interaction stresses, and constraints imposed by the supports may also adversely influence deflections and performance of the pipe.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the deflection as a function of time of a specimen of fiberglass pipe supported on a flat non-arced support as a simple beam under full bore flow of water at elevated temperatures. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.NOTE 1: For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not include natural polymers.1.2 This test method can be used to determine deflection at varying conditions by substituting other test media.1.3 Deflections observed using this test method are representative only of piping supported as a simple beam under full bore flow which has one diameter of pipe overhanging at each support.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.NOTE 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This PDF includes GI #2. 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to full-load interrupter switches for use at voltages from 751 to 48 300 V ac indoors, and for installation in switchgear assemblies (see CSA Standard C22.2 No. 31) or similar equipment fo

定价： 501元 / 折扣价： 426 元

4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the measurements described here, is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7 Approximately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1 kg of oxygen consumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to a prescribed external heating source.4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its own when the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent, which release oxygen. Further analysis is required in such cases (see Appendix X2).4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream, in a full scale environment.4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements include the specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, the specimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion and the yields of combustion products from the test specimen.4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in different types of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E1623, UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D5424, Test Method D5537, Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, Test Method E1822, ISO 9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardized room scale experiments following Guide E603, using this technique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, where oxygen concentration is measured, either standing alone or positioned outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placed either under the hood or inside the room. This practice is intended to address issues associated with equipment requiring a large instrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuses with small test specimens.4.4.1 Small scale test methods using this technique, such as Test Methods D6113, E1354, E1474 and E1740, as well as ISO 5660 internationally, are based on a stand-alone apparatus, wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment. A small-scale test using oxygen consumption calorimetry with a larger test specimen (than the above referenced test methods) and intended for low levels of heat release is Test Method E2965.4.4.2 Another small scale heat release test method, Test Method E906/E906M, does not use the oxygen consumption technique.4.4.3 Annex A1 contains the considerations needed for heat release measurements and Annex A2 contains the corresponding measurement equations as well as the equations for smoke and gas release measurements. These equations apply to Test Methods D5424, D5537, E1537, E1590, E1623, and E1822. See also Section 14.4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced to provide helpful guidance to test facilities. Substitution of equivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate, and use full scale oxygen consumption calorimeters to help minimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a number of ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized test methods, and for research purposes. This practice will facilitate coordination of generic requirements, which are not specific to the item under test.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtained from the test methods using this technique are those associated with heat release from the specimens tested, as a function of time. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are determined.1.4 This practice is intended to apply to the conduction of different types of tests, including both some in which the objective is to assess the comparative fire performance of products releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some in which the objective is to assess whether flashover will occur.1.5 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test method for any material or product.1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1: This is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of the Form and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-response standards. In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitative measures.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. See also Section 7.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is intended for the application of in-line, full-flow inductive wear debris sensors. According to (1), passing the entire lubrication oil flow for aircraft and aero-derivative gas turbines through a debris-monitoring device is a preferred approach to ensure sufficient detection efficiency.4.2 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health (2). The implementation of smaller oil filter pore sizes for machinery operating at higher rotational speeds and energies has reduced the effectiveness of sampled oil analysis for determining abnormal wear prior to severe damage. In addition, sampled oil analysis for equipment that is remote or otherwise difficult to monitor or access is not practical. For these machinery systems, in-line wear debris sensors can be very useful to provide real-time and near-real-time condition monitoring data.4.3 In-line full-flow inductive debris sensors have demonstrated the capability to detect and quantify both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metallic wear debris. These sensors record metallic wear debris according to size, count, and type (ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic). Sensors are available for a variety of oil pipe sizes. The sensors are designed specifically for the protection of rolling element bearings and gears in critical machine applications. Bearings are key elements in machines since their failure often leads to significant secondary damage that can adversely affect safety, operational availability, or operational/maintenance costs, or a combination thereof.4.4 The main advantage of the sensor is the ability to detect early bearing damage and to quantify the severity of damage and rate of progression of failure towards some predefined bearing surface fatigue damage limiting wear scar. Sensor capabilities are summarized as follows:4.4.1 In-line full flow non-intrusive inductive metal detector with no moving parts.4.4.2 Detects both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metallic wear debris.4.4.3 Detects 95 % or more of metallic wear debris above some minimum particle size threshold.4.4.4 Counts and sizes wear debris detected.4.5 Fig. 1 presents a widely used diagram (2) to describe the progress of metallic wear debris release from normal to catastrophic failure. It must be pointed out that this figure summarizes metallic wear debris observations from all the different wear modes that can range from polishing, rubbing, abrasion, adhesion, grinding, scoring, pitting, spalling, etc. As mentioned in numerous references (1-11), the predominant failure mode of rolling element bearings is spalling or macro pitting. When a bearing spalls, the contact stresses increase and cause more fatigue cracks to form within the bearing subsurface material. The propagation of existing subsurface cracks and creation of new subsurface cracks causes ongoing deterioration of the material that causes it to become a roughened contact surface as illustrated in Fig. 2. This deterioration process produces large numbers of metallic wear debris with a typical size range from 100 to 1000 microns or greater. Thus, rotating machines, such as gas turbines and transmissions, which contain rolling element bearings and gears made from hard steel tend to produce this kind of large metallic wear debris that eventually leads to failure of the machines.FIG. 1 Wear Debris CharacterizationFIG. 2 Typical Bearing Spall4.6 In-line wear debris monitoring provides a more reliable and timely indication of bearing distress for a number of reasons:4.6.1 Firstly, bearing failures on rotating machines tend to occur as events often without sufficient warning and could be missed by means of only periodic inspections or data sampling observations.4.6.2 Secondly, since it is the larger wear metallic debris that are being detected, there is a lower probability of false indication from the normal rubbing wear that will be associated with smaller particles.4.6.3 Thirdly, build or residual debris from manufacturing or maintenance actions can be differentiated from actual damage debris because the cumulative debris counts recorded due to the former tend to decrease while those due to the latter tend to increase.4.6.4 Fourthly, bearing failure tests have shown that wear debris size distribution is independent of bearing size. (2-5) and (11).1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements for an in-line, non-intrusive, through-flow oil debris monitoring system that monitors ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metallic wear debris from both industrial aero-derivative and aircraft gas turbine engine bearings. Gas turbine engines are rotating machines fitted with high-speed ball and roller bearings that can be the cause of failure modes with high secondary damage potential. (1)21.2 Metallic wear debris considered in this practice range in size from 120 μm (micron) and greater. Metallic wear debris over 1000 μm are sized as over 1000 μm.1.3 This practice is suitable for use with the following lubricants: polyol esters, phosphate esters, petroleum industrial gear oils and petroleum crankcase oils.1.4 This practice is for metallic wear debris detection, not cleanliness.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is primarily intended for use by associations, third-party grading agencies, technical societies and other groups that develop national design standards and use recommendations for round timber piles.4.2 This practice provides procedures for establishing compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timber piles including: sampling of material for testing; methods of test and property calculation procedures; distribution analysis of test data; procedures for determining adjustments for critical section location; pile oversize, load sharing and treatment; and procedures for deriving allowable stresses.4.3 In using allowable stresses established under this practice, factors specific to each end use which may affect the performance of the pile system shall be considered by the designer. Such factors include the location of the critical section, the bearing capacity of the soil, the ability of the pile to withstand driving forces, the properties of the cap or load distributive element tying piles together and the loading and conditions of service.1.1 This practice contains procedures for establishing allowable compression parallel to grain and bending stresses for round timbers used for piling, based on results from full-size tests.NOTE 1: Allowable stresses for compression perpendicular to grain and shear properties are established in accordance with the provisions of Practice D2899.1.2 Stresses established under this practice are applicable to piles conforming to the size, quality, straightness, spiral grain, knot, shake and split provisions of Specification D25.1.3 A commentary on the practice is available from ASTM International.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车